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֪ÿһˣڳʧȥ󣬲Ȼǰ֡
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1 ǰ
˵˵ǲһġ
ǣ飻ȴעڻңʲճ
仰֮ԱǣӲˣֻŸ˵ŬƶֻҪ̿һɵõִ
ֱǰعԼݶҵһŲòϣԼվڻҵ
΢Ҿƶĸ׿ΪǸԶŵˣûͶĸˣ˼нʣǮ
ĸΪʹ಻еԹ޶йϡ㹻ˣĸֹ򣬻˳ˡ
һֱûŪԼǽСծǽСɨǡ۽ʲôӰĸףƴȫҪΪĸ׵
ֱʮ꣬ĸԭصţ˵ȥԵƬ⡣Ļϲΰε춼ˣҲûλĸ׺Ƭ⡣
ŻȻĸվǾ׸ɡ
Ƿݶĸ׵İִҲʹʧˡ
Թĸףĸ׵Դ̣Ҳᶮն񡢲κ˵ĵ
ˣûбЩǺ«պƭߣʳڳ˵ط
ϧһ꣬סĵطӣֻס
Һ͸ĸܾ¥δĳӣĸһͣ˲ٿ˵̸ļסõϢ
˵֪Ӵ˴һպҽҡ
Ϊиסĵطʮ˾ʬ壬һ·ҵǰڵϱޣ˵ҪḸڴ򶯹ܼң˽ҵŮ
ֻûʲôسֲʶ֣˽ҲֻܸЩϴɨصӻӲû˳ʱʱ۸
ںֻҪԱ´㲻ʲô
ɺ޵ǸʷҵĹӸ硣ǽүıףһɷ͵۸ˣ˵סֶš
ÿÿǸª޲һȭҹȥסˡ
Ҫô³Իܲҡϳҿ¶ģ˵Ϣˣʬ嶼ҪӵڣҰԵ
ֻ뷽跨ضŶԷŬɻǮŵȵգǮһԼӡҪӾӪúȥһһĸײСŪŮööƬ⡣
Ȼʷȴ΢ĩԸϳȫʮ꣬˵ɻ࣬Ҫȥү檣ú帣
ʵ벻ףʷҳԽǸҹӣҪʲôûУΪʲôƫҪһͨŮ
ȻƶҲģûϵĻţԸˡ
־ĵһαʷɧʱݺ˻ȥ϶ԷȻŭʩչɷҪɱйߡ
ʱֻԼˣȴû뵽Ȼ֣ѵʷҲ˵ҪΪͽ
ֱĺ»䵽ͷϣֱգүСȥʰһԴ̲סЦ
ΪԼʱתҪ˿۵ĽŮ۵ͽʹ˵۷塣
һ˲СϣһŽԨ
ֶαɣڵķ˵Ҳӣ
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ΪʦǸ߰ġԽӽģδ϶Է֪ʶֲ࣬Խָ֣ĽϾʱƷ衣
ÿʦôЦĿעϸͬ˵ʱıƲסؼ¶
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һǸеƽɣԺޱ̸֮ġ
ʱţתһԴ꣬µҲϧɽСȴʼѹͷӰ
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٣ĺѣ
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ԸֿѶĺȫǱģ嶯֮ǰȥʣȴԷǿǡ
޵ֿ֮ޱ衣ʲôûˣʣһҲڴ˿̱Ӱ÷顣
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Ӱ԰׶ɲȴϲѣŵȻҪ˹ȥס
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ȥ͵ȥȥȥɱˣ㾡ֶΣҲҪصǰĸޣ
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ߵһдԵģ
֮ǰдļؾˬģⱾսһ£дһЩȽ帴ӵŮԽɫԼ֮İ𡭡д־߻Ǻء
ˣϣҿϲ^o^
⣬ҪͶޣʲôᣬܸ[][]


2 
飬壬ΪҪɢδһͷǣסȥ
µĹԽԽСͷչԽԽ
Ͽ˺һѷ죬񱩵Х˲䳶ĳ
ͫûĻӦǳ֮·ϲеĿ顪ɣ
˵Ǵ˾ˣ봩綼ȫвᱻѪ⡣һͨĻ壬磬ֻ»ҷ
Ľ֣Ҳúˡ

סӿŨ磬һĨҶʵЦ
Ȼһ˲ȻһŽ⣬λסֱУԲ˼ٶϣ
ֱͷһ˿谭ٶȲԻ
ֻ۵һ죬Ȼǵεıݣɳ˴˽磬ǰȻʡ
嫵񷶥ºһ貵ǺӣɫٲӸߴк£׹ƺ
ƺ֮УʤĵƯȥÿһɢѤ⣬ʱǴǺзɳųĹβವػʣֱû뵺С
ţô£Ǹýظôôһ磿
ȿȴԭȵѻΪһĿ飬ڷӿ˵Ľ׸֮ϡ
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ѭȥֻһŲ¡ϵ˿еŮӲĵشӽ˳Խأǿվˡ
Ůòף벻Ʒ֮ˣֻɫ԰ֽȻˡ
ѯʣһȺ׵ɱӲԶӶǸֳɢǿѹ嶼еһļ¡
ת˲䣬˾͵˸ǰΪ׵İе˶Ȼ߿գмһ汦һֱӣԵȡ飬
ȴһ⾹˻ȥžͷ֪ʱѳһ㷨֣λס
ȥŮӣɫ԰ף¸ûѪɫ
Ŀǵʱ䲻ˣҪס˵Ļۺܿͻϵֵⷨסػ磬ͱ취ɹ٣񡣡
һãȻŮʶ˵˭ػʲô˼
Ůʲôæˣ˽ļ飬ѽĵѰˡ
˵ţҴһֻɫָ⡣
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Ȼ𣬷ǰ漴⣬ûĻ塣
۾һγõļӿ֣ʲôˡ
ԭһˣиǽСڻҡ
˽֮ϣ硣˽ǧֽܿܿӣԳһ磻һԻ顣֮ϣס֮˴䱦أ࣬滨ݸ洦ɼǴ½˵ʿԿ̥ǣò֮ͬ١˵֮ʥء
Ϊ֮Ҳؽѣ֤ϴִ硣ȻİнСȴûܼ̳ȱȡ˵ܲȫԼ
ûȡ꣬
Ҳһ鷲ˣƾѧŴ½硣ԭΪܹңڵӣȴûϵҲŵȣûʵų̂˸ʰӡķţͷǺʵϾǸڻɽֻ̡
˵΢ĩۿĴڶ֪ôƫƫѡȥСʯأ
һУȫΪһɻ
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ҲʱżǼֻ飬˲۵ıԭýСһֻأ½·Բȫȱ
ƫҪ֮ܿ۱һͬʩڽ̫ת½·Ϊɣȡÿλɵһ꣬Ͷֻ硣
ԽС˵֮·̫ѣɹϣҲʵãЩɵϣȫĻˡλ΢Ҳƾһ֮磬ӵ꣬ó
Ψִʧܣ˽Сͨ˾ɾ֮Ϊд񡢷ս֡
ȻҲŵװףײƶ֮̿ף֮˱ѣС½ףɢ
䵽ɵôӺųһЦɭȻɱ⣬ǣԭˡ
ˮ˸ȴһĨĻȣû뵽Ϊҵ̫ӣһܺãǰ̫޶ۣûܲҵ⡣Ļ˵ֻûʱˡ
סѵϲԲŻյ飬ػ磿
¸мܾСֻǳسŵûб뷨
ҪڷϣȴȻӺ۾ӿۿ˳԰׵չ䡣
֪ΪΣŵĺȻһ¡
ǿ̱ˣʵֻ΢ƴȫҲֻΪʮյʱ䡣һգʮ꣬δܷɢҲᱻΣѼաҽմҴһ±ˡ
⻰Į񽥽ǰҲδĴΪ˾ǰ̡
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̲סƮȥҪסԷǾҡҡ׹ֻǲ֣뵽һƭأһ۵أһʦһףƭȡĺַأ
ʵǱƭˣκˡ
գֻḧӲ԰׵գΪȥ飬ģһ
漴תĿ֪ʲô˵ʬΪ̫ӳ·ǺƣϧעʧܣΪһ֪ң
һ漴Ц׷׺ʰӣ񲻹һ߲л꣬θҵǰʴʣ
˵ʲô㣬쿪Ī½̫ѣʧķˣ
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ֻȻΨо쾵˾ɾɫأһԲ
ȼŭĻ棬Ҳη񣬺¹زûκ˺ֵηˡ
֪֪Ѳٿ־塣
תԥͶС
ɲǼ䣬鱬һҫĿĽɫâֹҳطɣ⻯ϸ·ս֯ģ˽ͼ
վԭأָգܾ滹ű⣬૵滹䵭أҷ˵ȫǻѻҲƭһӵ
죬ЦⱯݣϧȥˡ㶼ϷŹңó
䣬һ죬ɫֺȻըƬɢڿС
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ˣָֻš
ͬʱֻһתʶǰϤĳʱӦԼѾ긴ǰĽҡ
ȥ֣ͷ˲ʱȼǿҵķŭͲʣָʧصز
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Сҳڹȥ˼ʵ
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⣬˵Ŀˡ
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˼ˣʹ׵ķߺޣ˳үĻҲ֪Եɣֻһʱ𡣡
ԣɲ£Сɵؿѵ˵ʲôҲ֪Ĺ֮
ԣЩζ
ϾҲû嵱ǿĵ㣬Żڵһμʱ͸˵ҪһԴ
ƽƽҲ㲻Ư뵱ƿڸǰҲĿСĿܻ´
ɫһȻ²˵£ǰûаֲ
ҲãѾ뵽ҪôԸСˡҺŵûгֵ


3 
С֪ˣе߻ǰ£ָò谸ҪΪֽѵʷܣҸʹܣȴǣ˵˵µʼĩ
ѹŭƽڣǡ
˼֮صǰԣѾʦĳӦա
Ȼڵ˵ѾңԶˣ˿̻ȴշһ㣬Ŀ
һѰһӱȥ
˷ŵȣҲ⡣ֱ֧ʹȥϴֻ֮ģеĩȣ˭˶ܲһš
ñȽСǸʷҵıףʱżζĲӬæط
ϣүģôһεεСЩֻۻأ
ʷɧŹܶΣΪ˿ס˵ĳ嶯ֻͷǰߡ
ȻʷòǸ¼⣬ԽǰԽ
ңұպĺģĻõ
ʱӹƧô˵һҪˣƽռٿڡ
Ͳסϸ
ˣҪնʷֻҪԲ£Ҫġ
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˵ᶪұΪͽһԴ
⻰ͷ·һ⣬ٿսڰʱδһУֻΪǳ׵𺳡
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˵ۺͽС˵Ļıôǽִˡ·Ӵ˶ֻһܱȴǰٱ衣
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ҪģȻܸʧְֽͶֻصʯպճġС
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һΣٵؽ֮ºɴԴ˫ֹصǰΪͽҲֻҿɡ

ǿһֻ˵С̲סؼҡ


4 
СĻˣӱǻ﷢һЦǣ˿˶ȥˣҪģΪˡ
æͷǣ֪ˡ֪Ҳ֪ǽңһڷԡүҲȥʲôڣڽұĶɣ
˵ţ˫ϥ򵹣ŽСоǿ֮ɫڵϵȴɫغƣСȴذףϡ
СȻأһôҲû뵽һʹѾ߻ԽĹһͽһǽҵŮɵӲŻѡߡ
˿̾ÿɵӵĿ⿴㵹ǳ費Ǹ֪ͼġмҪæ㲻ϣȻı𣬵ʡȰ˵Ĺ򡣡
ЦʲôȰ˵Ǳвȣڵأʹʧȥ֮
˳ӵүܷԸӶ
Сһۣ뵽£պǰ;ضɡ˿̼˳ӣ⣬ͽΣǵ¡
ЦһĵҪݰΪʦȥںһὫŽصľ͵ҡ
ɫԥүԸӲҲӦֻǡүѵʲô𣿡
С۷Ź⣬˽ʿⱦ̶︨һգֵʮޡǽҴô꣬ӦҲ֪һֻҵ֧ױȲ֮һıңޡȻ츳Դѷʼ޷ֻҪõڵľ飬ҾڶʱͻƿΪʱȻٲĺô
ԴޣֻÿЦȴ̾үţֱȻҪãŲ˷ѡ
С⻰ãЦ㵹Ǹˣ֪Ϊλῴˡǩ»ֻҪ㷢ЧңұȻỤȫ
һ̧֣ˢȼһöѪɫӡ⵹ӳ˸
۽ޣͫ⽥ʧˣ΢΢Ц䣬ðлүսеϥСǰ
Сɫɵϣֱ̧ҪüģɾڴʱȻѸޱȵкת˲ûĿڡ
Сֻǰһʹһ㾹͵ϮңһƱ㽫ķɳȥ
ͷ㿴˲ǰڵȫûڣ׼ش̴ֻ࣬µһγͻ
Сţ˲֣һͨŮġ
ŭ󺰣ΪʲôΪʲôҪʵͬʱ˵ǰϱǿѹѹڵأ˫ֽסĲӡ
͸죬һ󾪾壬ֻҪСæ֣ץǰĵһΡ
͵һѪŽϡϣεδ
Сʱɿ֣ڵأɵü۾ﾡ𾪺ͲʣģĽֲģûͻƿû壬£ǵǶ磬ôܾˣһƽ࿴һ۵ĴʹѾ
ȴ˿Ӹµظڿһֻĵĳ棬û˳͹ֻвмͱġ
һʣΪһүж£й޴ģЦţһϡ
С÷ɺͫǳߣ޲ʱ˺顣ȻеûˣֻܴӺＷһ̴ٵġŰһʱˡ
û͸̧ź˼£治ٶ˿漴ʹЦֻǲЦһæס졣
˵СΪ˸Ͱ˶ǲˣ˭֪᲻ͻȻǽЩáһý֪ɱ˽С޿ܻ뿪ȰȫٸҲ١
ҡ
СʬصѪ΢üͷɱһʱˬֳɾ鷳ˡ
統ʱֻʩܽɽøɸɾ
ǡʱһֵ
ϲɹ󶨸ϵͳĿĲǿִ޽Կɣɸž
⵽ĿСִֵƼѷ
ţһŰ͸ҳǰ˸ŵɫ΢ַʱ׹۴Сõͨ
<Ŀ>
С
壺
䣺20
˫ʲ
磺Ų㣨ͽʿС
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹ƽƷ
ͨĿ޷
üңС֮ԶŲɣΪִֵܿ
Ը޴뵽޽ĽŮ֮ǡֻΪԼĲѡ
С½˵Ҳ˶ʮ꣬ôֻͨͨķѹ͵Ϯ㲻ȥ
ó
һָ΢ϵѪʱӵһգ罦ڵϵѪҲʧøɸɾ
ȻҪͿʩչ۴Сͨ
ȾϲһԼأǡʱϵͳٴ
⵽ĿʷҶִֵƼѷ
Ըɻʷң漴׹ʷոΪһ٣Ȼ
<Ŀ>
ʷ
壺
䣺19

磺㣨ͽʿ̫Сˣ
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹ƽƷ
ͨƣһ㣩
߶ڡơϣкȻһ󵨵뷨
۶ԽСΪأ֪һĩɾȻɱ˽̫ӣͨ϶ᱩף˵Ҫȡ
һգʮ꣬۲Ӧȥˡ϶ðѹΪԽķ½磬пЩ콫ɱ
ԣ޵ļڣܵǿ
ĿǰܽӴʵǿĴʦҪǿΪ;ԲܴʧΰʦĻᡣ
ǰΪƴȫҲ׷ͬʦõĽȣֻƾһɲľҧޣȴʦͻƿʱֱʦķӴԵ;
ôܲޣ
磬ֻǸɽ̣˽磬ֻǸϴɨصŮºò׵ԵҲ̱ԭأʼնѲµˡ
һƬģõȴǱƭŪѡģܹα
ӣ˶ǣΪʲôһ˵ö֮ĶŮأ
ʲôֶΣֻҪȡðִķΪãҲõĻصǰĸˣ
ŸϵͳӰȴһĨǳЦ壬Ȼǰһͻİɡ
ǲ֪ͽҪô׼л񣬲ʦˡ


5 
ڽСȥʻʱĸ໶ȴڴʢ塣
ɰٽ𸮣ֻǸдܣײʷСˣʵڲʷвףԲ֪صرǧʯΪǸҲΪϲøͽɾ⣬Цɡ
໶˵꣬С۶ϯİ壬ȴĻ
ǶżأæһԵʷʹ˸ɫʷһˣĸ
໶ҹĸǵò½⣬պ̤ҽҵͥ
ʷҶʱԴձѵһ٣ϻʹָ໶ͷ֪ŵͷϴиߡǸ
Ƕ԰壬ȴĵӶûС
ʷ˫װʯĽУߵǰյˣ¡
忴໶ĵô۸ͽ㲻ɱѵҪҶ𣿡
µ˲䣬ʷֻһɭȻȻѹ£ϥǸһͨһ˵ϡ
ŵˣִ̿󺰣֪ˣԺҲˣԭ£ĸĸҰ
໶Ѿѹ֮ԾɾܣֻǺʷǱȣҪݼ֡
ǰŰ飬ҼΪ̣˭ǲ۸ڵˣػ׷ɱףš
໶Ȼ壬ҪɱʷңĲ̡
ǿЦݣеʵʷҺйʶ˶Щ֣Ҳý˼ԭʷң±ˣԭ£ɱʷҸ޶
Ի׵˵ҲеǸ˼ŵѹ
໶˿ͷԸȥ
ȥʷҸæӵ㵽໶󣬿ɥʵĸҲ
໶Ȼ۲ѣǰֻװģĵһɡ
ĵʷ뵽вԼĻݺݴ˸¡
໶ȴӣֻǸСĳʷǿϹɿڡ
󡣿ʷ˶Է죬Ҳٿڣֻæؾƾ⣬
κΰԱٹΪɣһŲԣһ취ҲûУֻתͷֺݺݵʷҼۡ
ΣȻһŲ໶æ̧ͷȥֻһԲﻺ߽еȵĸӣһϴɫȴ쳣ѣĿγż
ߵǰʹʦ𰲺ãת໶һ񣬡ˡ
໶˹֪񣬶ʱЦ棬𣬡ǰˣɻŮԳƣԸ⣬ĸһĸס֪ҶСݣȻҲ㡣
΢һ۰壬ת໶л˺񰮣ֻѰڣԵϴԵһһ̷ʦ̰ݶˣʵ׵˼¡
˵꣬Ⱥ໶Ӧתߵ࣬
໶̬ȣ΢գȴ¶֣ԾЦԭðˣʦʦĸϸˡֻи⣬ʦҪ˼ء
ŽҪɱʷΪ˵ˣʷѾ֪ˣ㿴ҵϣΡ
ʷҼĸΪһŮģ־ŭ
ǲ֪ԼʱϴǸӹһ٣ĵ׿ŮϷŪȡ֣ҲδûҪǵǸ
Ȼ˵ͷֱ˻ܣԴԴһԲ
ں໶ηģĵһЦ
ǵǰʱ򣬰ҲҪɱʷϧʱСɼ
Ϊ˻ֻӽСָʾʷʦʱȻû˵ʲôںȴѵ
֮ʦĹϵһֱ䲻ȡÿѮһεĽ̵ʱʦӲΪʦͽȴİ˻ҪԶ
ҲΪʦδŻǰĵط
΢ǣһΣɲʷңʦ֮ˡ
ֻǣҪҡʦĵģȻǰֻ֪ͷޡ
ѼƻҪͽ΢̷ʦȴƫִŤֻ뽫ʦռΪС
ʦϰĴڣҲ벻ʱ¶Ƿαװĳ飬ǿƹʦķʱʦعҲѱ
ʹ۽ޣһ˷Ĺ⡣
ѾȲҪʦһ̤֯ٽһɵˡ
УҪʷ𣿡ղڣʡ
ԥΪ˵ʵŵôģô˵Ϊʦû˸Ϊ㡣
ͬĻʱֻжѣᶼЩ˿ٴȴʮƽ
Ϊ֪ʦάΪյͽջκһʷҵ۸Ὣɱ֮졣
ɶڵ˵ʦͨͽѾԶԶҪģʦжһ޶λá
ǣ壬ᶨʦͽȻɱͷʦΪҳͷͽѧʦı£Ϊгɣ˽
֮⣬ʦӻΪʦǡ
һĿ¶ͣ˵ͷãССͱ־ܼ̳ҵ²ֻǽ£ҷġ
ת໶ˣ㻹𣿡
໶ޣʷΨһֶ㾿ҪſĹ
ҪԶˡһ֣Ө׵СشзɳֱʷҼȥ
ʷղԹ֪޻֮ŵͷ˵ϡ
໶ŰҪѣۼӨСƿշæһϣܽСס
ܱϺõķԵֵ𵤾ʿһ໶ԭΪƾ°һаʽ֪öСһӾ͹ֻ֣죬˲ѿ϶
űһڿкȻըƬɽϵıյҵ÷飬ɢһء
໶ʧɫ˲۷٣ʷң£Ҫɱ⺢ӾɱҰɣ
С͵һΣӲͣڰգԲ໶Ĳ硣
໶ֻ⳹ǣ˲亹͸תͷȥŷСɺɣƳ̣ÿһڶӨ͸ˡ
շµұҲڽڣöռɱңǽֳɵİѱݵ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲɱ㣬ֻҪ㽻ʷңҾΪѡ
໶ȻһЦ֪ʮǰɷʺ󣬽˱Ұٰżѣǹ¶ĸڱ㣬ֻǨĺ򡣵ʱ˶ĸ侮ʯΨʷһԮ֣ǽɱʷңպһкȥʷˣ
⻰ɫ΢ֽСջУΪҶԽҺ֮ǣҲŻҪҲǿ㣬ʷ뿪𸮺ɱʷҲֲ㡣
໶Ȼֻ⻰ڼԼиԹ̫顣
æɴϣžټСΪѰһǰֵ̡زҲ֪زӦҲûҪٿȡ衣
໶ҧɷҪ˵ذˣ
ԹίȴҶ԰巢Ĭתȥʷҡ
ȴŵûɢֹסĴս»һƬˮգ͸Źɧζ
໶۲ѣڰοȻһˣʱżһ£Żŵˣ²ˣ١ү
໶üǳʲôʲôܺú˵
үүɱˣ
˵ʲô໶һŵصɴ۾˽ԭء
΢ѵǿл˽𸮣
ȴ˴ǣ׼ĺϷҪˡ
һǻŵĶ֮ӣһȥж໶ôѡأ
ڴ


6 
һٴСԺС
໶ߵ죬˲£ﴫһĿ
ʷҴվſڣһ𾪣ⲻܰջ˵ôת۾ˣ
Խֻ໶ڽСʬϣʹ飬ССѣﲻ۾ң
֣ӻͳҩƿһҩСȻǲϽʹʵ
ΪõǰĻҾ磬ü䡣
ôΰĸѹǰ໶ֽСʱ۾ûգһ£ĺжܸɡ
ɼں໶ֻнС
ԣؿްɣ޸ɣСҲٻˡ
໶ȷ޵ûڵأðΣѰ֣վˣ˭СҺ໶һΪƣδǹʲôң˽ƣл븮ڣҲ֪ܲ
ĸ˵ǸˣʷҼæ׷ʣڵõ϶𸴺ӵתȻһ˫֣Ȼ֪˭ˡ
໶ԣʱʷңɱ¶˭
ʷȴ˲ӣҲ˵Ҫ˵֣ϾҪʦȥ
໶ʲôĴ󵨵˵
ʷܵ໶󣬲ָſһָۼ˶ߣ˵֮ҲȥĴô̵ʱ䣬ǰֻܼһˡ
໶ŭӣ˹ȥס죬ɱСҪɱ㣡ҪǧУ
ҪϺ£һɱϢȻϮ˻ΣЩˤ
໶һǿסΣ̧ͷһǰһǰά֮⡣
໶Ϊûйʦ㲻ͽŮ±ҲкֻҲǸ߱ʦħͷΪβϽҪң
ޱֻƾʷҵһ֮ʣ֤֡
ɳûеڶ˽Сӡ໶ݺݵصҪˡ
ƽڣˣүȻҺķŭĲ֣ΪҲδүӡ
໶һ㵣ʲô
ʷУⲻܣ˱Ժӣ
ҲգسѣǽԺӣ˰췿ţʼûӦΪү棬ЩȻȥˡҲȥ˴룬ǸʱүѾ˺ˡ
ⷬ˵ü໶ʱ侲Ҳֲ
ʷȴŭѣĸ˵ѣʱôܲӦ
ʷңã֣ʷӣһΪͨˣҪɱү
ʷҶʱ⡢϶ʲôɵֶΡ
໶ѾֻϽҵΪС𣬼ʷһھݣپƣֹˣ˵ûСŲΪͨɱ
ʷȴ϶ɱ˽Сֻ벻ָ֤ץ
ʱ忪ڵˣҿԲ鿴ʬ˿𣿡
໶˵ͷȻԣǰЩʲôظҡ漴Ĵ߶鿴ͼҳֲ
Ȼ˽СʱµķϢ
໶ʧʱʷҺȻһ󺰣ĸ뵽ˣ뵽ɱˣ
໶ٸʷңܱٵ𣿡
ûңĸģ磬׿вң˵ҪҸ檣һ˯һɱңŮ˵óõ϶ǳñ粻һˣҪǲţȥ˿ǲͨĵˣ֪˵ûˣ
ʷ˵ţƳɫۿɼػԽƶдΪ⡣
Ͳһΰ廹Ụû˰ˣҲܱյĳ
»öл磬Ҳ֪ǲɢ˰еȻв֮£δȴˣɱˡ
һĸ°뱲ӱֻˣǽ𸮵һУͶ붼ÿġ
ʷҳûв԰ʱѾ鿴˿ڣСĲ˭һ֪
໶ʷҵĻɲ˽Сʬ壬ʱСϻúùʱǰ¶˿ڡ
˿ڣͫ͵һôôǡ
ʷ߹ѹǵĸ־˰ɣ
໶̧ͷ˫Ŀɺ죬һһʷңҹȥô۰㣬û뵽СˣȻ㣡
ʷұеɱסЦһáĸ˵ʲôôܻɱ磬ҾҪҲẦ
δ˵ֱ꣬͵ر߬סüҪĹͷȻһק岻ܿǰȥ˵һϥǱݺݿ˵ϣһʹ
Լź໶ŭĵͺһֻֿסĺףԴʬȥ
ʷãȻĸʲôôȻ϶˱أѵǰ˿ڲǵˣⲻܰ
һ˲Ϳ˽Сǰ˿ڣ˲ʱ׹ߡ


7 Ĺ
ʬǰָͷСѪֱӱ״ҡ
ʷ˶ɵˣ˿̵ĽУ˿ڵģֻлᡰצԼ
ǣûɱ磬Լ֪ܲ
໶ɭ䣬㻹кλ˵
ʷҲû˸ղŵ֮䣬һ仰Ҳ˵
ֺ˿ͣĸŭ֮£ɱ𣬿飬ԴҲ벻ס
ֻֻܲ̽ͣĸ治ɱģҡɻʵڲ԰Լòţ˵໶ˡ
Ȼ໶ȵҹĸ
ʷ˲ʱȴԷˣ۵ɱڣǺ䡣
໶һֳ齣ֱնͬʱŭСҪС
ʷŵþ͵һһԣ໶ȴҪȡӽƣ顣
ʷӦӲϾһԾƴ̧ͷտԺǽƿ֮׷ֱŵεѡ
ͷҲһأŻͳһϣپ࣬żڵһ㣬ӱߣֱǽȥ
ͬһʱ䣬׷Ľʧˣжʱ˿ĸŮ˿Ȼʧǣֻ˵ʲôȥӳ𸮣ȹĸ侲ٻ͡
Ȼһ˲໶֪ʱǰͷ齣ޱȣֱؿڼ̶
֮£ʷֻԡצӭȻôܴṳ̀ĺ໶أ
צ뽣âڰкȻײ޴ĳһΣؿȭʧȥƽ⣬ӿкݺˤ棬۵³һѪ
ȥɣС໶ŭ󺰣һն
ʷѾʱŵûɢս˫ۣ󺰣ĸɱ˱磬ȫħУιҰһ꣬ó
£һƬš
ΡΡ۾ֻͣ۾Ϸ硣
໶ŭɫҪôѪ
ʷȻѾĶĶҡˣ´ϲָһĸ϶
˼ȥǾûɱСֻȻĸţΪᡰצ
ǡǡ
ʯ䣬ʷҺȻ뵽ƭĸ˵Լײ͵㲻ʵҲתƿĸŭԴϢƬ̡
ȻĸҪ˸ãýֳɶŮˡ
ʷ̴ž죬ҪڣȻһˣʷĺүҲɱ
һתͷȥ˵Ϊ죬ΪʲôҪԼ˵飬ѵŮվ£
˼ˣʷһЦѵߵĻ˻ȥ
໶ʱ飬ɱʷң´ʷңʼ¾ϣ˵æʣΪʲôղŲҲɱ𣿡
İ壬ɫģԹ֮⣬Žŵһʱһʱ㲻ͬұϾûܹʷѩ̿Ķ顣ɱʷңպôʷأ
໶һⲻǵȰ岻ҪɱʷҵĻ
˿Ȼͬڵʱ⻰ûʷҲһˣѵΪʷҶжΪж𶼲
ע⵽໶ɫ仯תͷյͽɫӡ
үѳʵΪүȻҪҪȴǷպִ̡ƽ𸮣ѱЩ˲ݼҵʱ˲ǵʷʷӼʹʧһӣĸү̷ТҲܸοеʹ
ⷬ˵óϿ໶ȴŭ𣬶򵨱ս򼫶ȷŭ
жˣֻʷұϢˣʷɱСðֹӣһѼҵ͸ĵ
໶÷ζҪըˣʷȴǸˣ⻰˵Ŀȥˣۺ𸮵ļҵ޲Цˡ
ں໶ǰصĸģ粻ˣҲһú̷ҵĸТ
໶ŭЦðʷǺõúܰҾ֪ģѹҪС֣
ʷǰá֣ϲЦտлĸ佱䣬ŷӦԣЦ˲ʧȵȣҶԱ֣ûС
Ȼѻ˵꣬໶Ѷ֣һ˲䶴Ŀڡ
ɾ䣬һġ
ʷŵصɴ۾໶ǿҵĳޣŻȻ
ԭ˵ǷΪ飬Ҫŭ໶ýɱԼ
Ůˣ̫ˡ
µ˿ǰʹģʷҵֻ»ˣ˺ܱ۸ã
໶˳ȴһҲʹ죬齣˫Ŀնλһ߻У漴ڽСʬԣػա
ԭţΪСһǰ̡ҹεСɴĿףػصҡУЩǣЦӭ
ڣСˣʲôҲûˡ
أ߹Ȱοˣ˾һҲжעдһ٣Ҳ̫ġ
໶һ޵øˡ
Ϻ޶֮ɫȰĵˣޱ£ұȸˡ
Ժе߿̧ߵʷߣӸµظ
ԷѪУ˫ĿԲ΢һ£ƺһ
üипǿ漴սߣһЦ˵һɱ㡣
ʷ˫͵صɴ󣬺Ｗģǡ㡭û˵꣬ؿڵȻһͣ׶
΢׷Ѫ׸̵ֳá
ѪɫƯðҲѪУµĺżµİף϶Ưİɣ
ԺеĻ棬ָ˷ܵ÷
ỽǸˡ
ʱѣתȥѾ˹ɵЦݣǣʦ𡣡
ȴ֣зɳһ⣬ڰաȻԾϽһΣԸȥһԴӴնϳԵһɡ
һԥҲûУʦԸȥͽҵʦΪ˺󶨵һ̷ʦǱʦ
⻰ĮȻٿرˣתͷ˲ң豨ɡǰ
̤ɽڰվɽһշֱ
ӺصƲзɳǰȻʣ䣬һƬˮӵ׳ӳ̵ͥþһŵû̱ʯǶϣ⣬貶Ŀ
תͷֻѾ̱ʯԱߵһС㣬ȫˡ
ǰȴģǰҲġ
һԴڡ


8 ¶
һԴڶͥɽ֮Уʱֵĺɹͥվڽһ
Ⱥѣľɽ¶ɫа䣬ɾΨһ·壬ƶƼվ嶥һƬףȻǻѩδ
Ŀһʱϳ·ǰĶڣǧ׷塣
ͷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥǧ׷壬ڱ档˵䣬ɽͷͣڶǰȻء
Ծ£̧ͷǰϤİĳһ㱡Դӱʦţδٻصһա
ҡȴѽɽУ̧һƣֻ죬ȱѩסĺʯӦ
һԺгֲඬٲ䣬żö̺«ϺԵòԴɰ
ȴܲס˴ĺ䣬߽Ժб˸
忴޶ԣȻǶգ㲻䣬Ժеš
ֱͦװϺ˳ǣʦ𡣡
ףԺұȥݼʦתƲӡ
һӰʧźֱ۴һߣŮ˵ΣΪ˱ǰ֮Ų£
֪Ÿ꣬Ժعһ磬棬絶ֽŶû֪
Ҳ̲ȥֻܺɸ̧ţʹסͷϲ˽Ķ״ͽҲ⡣
ϾǰֱʦţҲδ̤Ű벽Ǵ˿㺮ⶼܲסóȻ룬ֻ»
òһɲв̤벽
ʦΨˣ𲽻ȡʦΣմݻĵġ
ǣֻҧأվԺвͣشֶţ⡣
ǡʱһ죬һֻһȸͥԺһϳϢ
ԥҪҪ֪壬֦ɫһ㱻ϸָסȸ˲ɢָ漴һһд
ʦʱǰͽڹ棬ѺڽءҲ֪÷ᷣأʦԶɡ
ִ־ɵ
־ǰͬʦã˹ϵãҲֻܹĶ
̧壬ֻɫϲŭѱ棬߰ɣȥý׮ˡ
ҪӦ֪һſڣݱ㿪ʼս졣
ͶĿ⣬ӹǾ㺮Ҳܲס𣿡
﷭˸ۣϻһͨˣܸĴһ纮
ȴ΢Цм壬ɽĺ񣬶лʦͽԺվƬ̣ͽͷѶˡ
էһ֪⻰ĻǼ⣬һۣŵڣá漴ɽǧ׷壬ֱ׹ȡ
⧲ŵýһģæסΣǿվɽûʧײϰĺ󱳡ʱȻеһů̧ͷȥ˲һ͡
ֱ˿̣ſһԴȫòֻһʢţ˷ӿչ棬⣬Ϣ
ϸϸͣɽѵһǰֻߣ岽ֻվʮʿ־ɺĴͽ۷ڵǰɫһ޵Ȼ
Ҫߣһǲʦü֣ξͷڹ棿ûΣˣƾʲôҶ˳ڣ
ѭȥȴһʿֱڵУֱ־ɣ޾ɫ
࣬ʿȴǰηֻǵʹԴĬ
ˣһǰǶѱļ˲両ͷ
Ƭ̵ûע£Ҳ֪ߵʲôֻ˵һ죬ɲǼ䣬תͷ˹
߽ͣһ˲ѸԽֱ䵽ϣǶʱ׷׹
־ɱ̬òᣬ֣¶ʱ˿ӭǰãӲĺܣ˵Ҫֹ
˵ſԾءסһϴβ˵Ҳ˻ˣִļ˸С
Ϲ˵յͽȴ
漴תʦá
ʱǰ񣬹ͽݼʦá
־۾ԲˣʦȻͽ̫߳ˡ
޸ǰҲϸʣֻðеĺ棬ϸһͷЦãŵǸɵĺӣҲǺˡ
һЦʦùˡ
־漴ΪԼĴͽ۷磬˴ʶˣһ߻صǰ
ʿò˵ȻյͽĿֶ۽ϡ
ѵ˾ʲôţ˲òࡣ
ʦ㻹ǽأɵôãҲֻ˸ͽʦѵʦ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ɲ˵ʦ㲻ޣһҪȥԶôҲȲŵʦð
˵ǿɵøʦôùϵˡ
СۣһߣһȺֻСˣǻ𣿡
޷ŭͷڷ˵ĺĽľ˲ʱ
Ľľ˫۱أۿһĨĻȣҲţᣬҿһָͷȲϣ
оעڶĿУһźεļ̧ͷȥǡöĽľߣǲɵùһĨЦԭ
ĽľĽݼңζıģÿÿ˵䳰ȷΪΧΪмΪЩ߸ϵŮһ
룬ʦЩʿͬĽľǰ㽻ã
˵ףǱʾͬһˡ
ǡʱ񣬡Ƕ˾ʲô£
ջߣע·ŵǰϣշ滹ĽľһҪΪԼİۡ
ֻ־ɻػ±򵥣ֻ˲Ҳֻý´ͷβ˵ˡ
磬Ӧʿʱ䣬ҵ͵и۷һȥסѲ飬˭֪Ȼ˶ڷЦ֣ͷ𣬵Ŷ롣ֻģ˾㡣ؽڴ֮ϡ
޶ʱһɧͷӶ
ֱ׵̲סڵϵˣһ˿ͬ飬˽±УҲ˭ܳܵסġ
־ɻ˵ϣˣҲ˵ϸˡ
־ȭߣεؿȿȣⲻ²˵Щ˻Ҫô
ǰȻʵڽɣӦ֪ɣ


9 
η壬Ϊŵ˿ڿˮڣ֪ͽڹ棬ʦؽ̣ͬŽãϽаŵ
˵ǳ𣿡
ûСʱǡʦˣڸҩƴˡ
־һЦҾ֪ʲôʱҩҪѹ·һŵģƽδ
治ɫʦ̫䣬ҲűȡůϷ߼
־ɫһ˵˼ֱݣ㵫ˣƤӵĹϣ˿ֺ
ͽңֻǣ¹شҲòԼʦþʵ⡣
־ÿ˵һ䣬ͱײһ䣬ʱɫ࣬ƾԷͷȥ
۷æץסֱۣȰʦ𣬺βѵ֤óǻкλ˵
־˿ǿѹŭתȥãȥǡ
۷ǰһŵ¿ȷһߡֻҺʦסѵЩָνͣ
˵ţͳһ̾µзɳġ
ʣһֺֻ˹ȥ
ָס壬͸οյĻƿǶһԲ飬ʵʲô
δ۷شעһ˿˭֪徹͵ָ࣬ⷢ顣
ʱ׹ɫһ֮ͳ֮˲䱻һ㺮ס𶯸ʧ
۷Ļش٣Ůȡֵ
崹֣֪ģȥͽ̫С˽̵Ϊȡֶã֪ˣʵýͬ
Ͼ˶ŮӼ鰮֪Ҳǵ̸ʣ˲ģҲԸǺͿһʱӦҲ¶
Ȼ֪飬ܲȾ飬һ֪ĿȾ֮£ңһʰĵزǰԸ⿴ġ
뿪ת룬ԷȻԼͽպҪڹʱ֪Ҳ㻵Ŀ˵³Ϊ䣬պŲһɴ
־ɼĬΪΪ²Ըٿڣǳף˲˼ǱƫСУݺطҪŵķ
ҹԼãѵҲôʹŷɱҶŪˣһһζûá
δ˵꣬첲Ȼ˺ݺһײתͷȥֻͷøˣɫߺ죬ѿ첻˵ˡ
־ɼ״һЦǲ𣿲Ǳץסûüá
֪Ƥݣû֤ݵ£ϿɲҪ˵ֻƾҲ˵Һʦþ˽ɣ
־ɶʱ۷ʦɫѿæȵϺǰ㻹ҪӲ𣿿кüʿң˵ƼͬͬסʱҲһ˻죬ʱ˵ʲô鰡һһġĻЩܲ˵û֤˰ɣ
Ҫ粵Ȼ̧ͷҪ˵ˣҳϣҷڹ棬ҵЯ֮ͷ
۷кᣬɵ΢΢һ־ȴ˳ˣ͵İͽļû˵ϲͺˣҲʡĵҹ򡣡
ת壬˶˴Ź棬˽ϳЧȡҿȷǸʮ±̣ٽ˷ֿһ˷ȥɽһ˱ȥεȿֲʮ֮ڲΣ
δȰ忪ڣޱ̲ס˿ͷδ̫Щ
ʮ±̣ƤΪɶˣ޻һͿҩȶǼΪΣյĻƣʮ꣬Ī˵ǰԵܱȫҡ
ɫһ˲ҰףĿ¶֮ɫ󣬡ʮδΰɡ
ȴ֪ıԣǵĿܣһⷣҲùһ궫ˮҺ౻˶´·ǾȻţ˶˵£ֻĹɣȫҵĴʵԸһԸһе
͵̧ͷŵֻһů֣˼µĴһִͷ
״㺮˲ȥǼǿвɢ̫飿ֻڲ֮ˣ˱ʮ±̣ڰɡ
˶סˣſ죬ͷȴƱʯͷסˣ촽˰Σȴ˵һ֡
׻͵һΣֻĶˣ˲ʱӿۿʵ֪ˣԺҲˡߣ֮ȴûҵ֮ڣұ޼ҿɹˡȥɣʮʮ꣬඼ĸԸֻš
ĮȻתٿǣֻ־ɵʣµıãֻ˵Ƿ˴ڳˣһɲ˽۴¡
־ȻףһƬţޱþöסһ㣬ֱ־ĿɨŻعӦ֮
䶨ֻǰһڣˣһжˣתˡͷȫҲ֧Ųס̱ڵء
æֽס࣡
ȴ߿ٺˡ
һʹɼɫҰס㱣۲ѣҲ֪˵ڵ޿ջȥ
֮ʣȻƳڲһ˹ȥץסһ°ڣСʦ㣬Сʦ㣬ɡȫҵĴôҶϣֻҪţû޹ģ
³ҪΪ
һԴţ˵£ʱҲధĲ̣׳ŵ顣
ȴ֪ƽʹ޵ı鰮֮£ڵͽʦü˽¹ϣسͣ˽ͨ㺣նɱ⡣
ˣΪζ飬ǵûðջسǵöԷΪϲ
Ҫ֪ǰΪʷΪãһ£Ӳݺѵ˵ʦǰһҹ
֮󣬰ҲĽ̬ȴ˪׽֮⡣
ʦһʼǴϼӴһٴԷøΪʧ³
ҪǲΪºأǿ϶ٴβǰıҽְɡ
Ͼǰʱ˱Ųã͸˷һԴһɱһɱʿԴ˵硣˵ɱѳ飬˵˷Ŀɱ
岻Ը±˾֪˸ľݲ£Ҳֻ˵
ԣȰջسֻҲһ
ǡ
䣬һĨ΢ɲļЦǻʲôϵأ
л˵
һϵĻΪ̫ɫ鱻ˣֻɾһЩĶд
ôڻ[]
Vǰ£ûĻٸ[]


10 ʦ
ɲΪİհ塣
½ǴгҳէŵĹأǼ£úʦҲǰŹ洦ãˡûλ顣
ƣΪȻȴ뾹飬ʧѡ
ңһ뵽ʦźҪнĲ˵Ҫ壬޲ʱ˸ɾ
ʿǺζʶ꣬ĿǾʹ˱ߣΪ飬ֺ°ϣҿڡ
Ľľͬˣᣬ¼ЦװһԴǵģʵǵС£ɣͦԹɫġ
ԹԵ޲ͬ嵹ǺӦԣ΢΢һЦᣬʶȴǳҪŹ棬ˣΪʦˡ߰ɣȥݼʦǣ֣תֱҲͨȥ
첽ϣֻǣסִһɱĴУƳҲİ壬ƹ¶Է׵ȾһůƣԵ͡
Ϊǰһ˪ȴû뵽ľףһ仰ı̬ȡ
Ͼǰʱ򣬰Ī˵׽һЦδ
䲻˸ж뵽İʦûɵһ˿ţ·ֻص˵ꡣ
岢֪룬һҪͽȻ֮˿ĵ׾Էһ˿΢ɲĻϲ
ǣһĴŷſָ֣Ŵ̽ͭǱڵĿʦҲҵʦĸͷɡ
ȥֻһ˵ȸߵͭСʦͦΣһխ䳤ֳֽۣɽʯ֮ϣϲüޣӢǷȴ͸һɱ
ͭǰһҹ罫ʦŵμסʱټȴû˵ľη湦ҪģǰϹ£֣صؿͷ
ֱĿ⻳ؿͭǰȻʦһִʱŷޣ߾֮ףʱҪ֡
ϧʦźµ¼ȴʼδܴﵽľ硣ǿΪ֮ѱռݣڱ䲻ջԻͣھŴԱһϯ֮ء
Ҳ⻰ʱŰ·Ҳյٹ⣬ļʦŰ䣬ʧ䲻ѣ޲޳ʦµĹСһܣ˸š
ʦôȥأ
Ϊһ顯֡
̾һʦ̤뻯ĩףȴ򿰲أٳδͻƿ߻ħɵ֮ʣץҵ֣ҪҸִڵص޵صĸޡǣʦǰģ飬ȰΪʦҪҲ´ġ
֣ԥڴģպڹ棬ʦؽ̣ͬŽã֮ɢ
嵱Ҳδ˶ģԼɢһ˲漴ץס֣ˣֻסյԣĻ˵
Ҳְ延ģȻҲʲôԣŻſھңͱһΣ˵һҲûʲôµġ
ĿƵضԼ˵ͷ΢Ц֪ʦǵңʦõģͽ᷸ġ
ģ΢΢һ
ϰɶɿ֣ϣҿɲ㣬ֻ㲽ĺ󳾣ҵʱɱҲʦͽ֡
⻰ʵģǼţ²죬徹ҲӲϡ档
ЦòãͽԹʦ᲻÷ء룬պҸôң
ôߣ΢գݹʦʦͰɣ
þգЦ⣬ת壬ɫߵͷϣɽΪ֤ͽհݰΪʦԴϴԵǱһ̷ʦʸ־塣
ɫԻһźķӡƾո֣ӡԻģպ㺣üıظѪۣʱɼնϡ
˵գָüһ㣬ӡ˲û뼡ʧ
ֻüı̨һȼȴ޹⡣
һ䣬ȻԼеǵǵ»ҷˡ
ջ֣ɡպ˸۸㡣
΢٣صؿǰɱС£ǲҪˡ
һǸɵģЩάֲסת룬治ϲɱˣڽʱԲαصȵԼΪͽŵƴ£
̽ʣʦ֪Сɱģ
һʷѪƻ˵˵ĺۼҲֻƭˣƭҵ۾
˿ֻµɱģδµѪҲ޻ʷҵġ
ʱϵͳʷҵġצ뵽αС˼ϴԼɱɣܱʷңһ˫
ʱ˵֪֣һת⣬˲ʱỨʦ𣬲ҪɱǽСҲǱƲѡ
һα㣿
̧棬һݵģҡɫջʦͼҡĵģ˵ʦ飬ȻΪһŮͷȻǶҡұͼ
Ȼһ䣬ɢ⣬Ǵ˱˵˵
ɫ΢䣬ֹ£ͷʦ𣬽СǼ˾˵ģ˵ûʦ𣬱ǲһʱҾͿɽţռ˴󹦣Ҳܷػرȥ˸
Լɱ
ͷȻҾҲܱʦ𡣵СҰ˵ȥҪɱڣҪŵֻ´˿̡Ѿʦˡ
˵壬ջ䡣
дοúӣûսĸ㡣ֻԺɱˡ
ǰӲΪϧвʮֵ⣬ԭʦװ
ϧҪҡʦĵĲǽС
ǰͰ壬վʦͽ
ֻһΣ˰ĺԣȻصǰĸޡ
Ҫðˣɣɰķ²
ˣžʹء
ȥᣬڣһŲ죬عͷȴ־ɴ۷߽ڡ
ζ˵ıִˣڡ־
΢΢ףáҲţǧٷ̫䣬۷ͬסɽɡ
۷΢ЦӦ£ǣұصʦá
־лҪʰ壬ֵҲˣû£ȴʦûظ٣ЩϢ
۷繧Ӧ£ͬһ뿪
־ɼֻʣͰ壬æʣʦ㣬ΪҪΪͽѵʲôţ
뿪ķ򣬳һᣬڣΪҲ²͸˼ɡ
־ɲ⣬ʲô
ʱڽңҵһμʱﱧһ𻨻̵·ԼȴŻ˵ľ£磬һǶ⣬ĵء
־鼱֪꣬Լڴͻƣղٳǡֻƴźˣպҿ⡣
츳ڣ˳ңվֻǼͽŵδԼϣ־ɲŶʦյλͽġ
ʱ˵裬Ǽڷ¶츳ͽæ׷ʣΣ
ұǲ۸ֵǣȴ˵ûСұþʹ뿪ɲ֪Ϊ̲ספ㣬뿴ҪӦˣ˭֪һŮԸҹӵвֱҪɱ
־۾һҵӣϲʵôǽ⸻ҹӴſˣ
ȴûĻ૵ʱǵ񣬴̡ͦΣȴִݷһ۾Ͷϣƫƫɶ˻㡭η塣

־ɣ㷽ûע⵽𣿡
־ɸãȻˣע⵽ʲô
񡭡ȻܹɵЦ˫۾ȴʱʱ¶һ˿룬һ㱡ɴȫȻ͸еģʵں棬Щʲô
־üͷһⶼʲôʲô
ֱ׵ʣʦ㣬ԾʲôΣ
סĬΣڣҲδע⡣
л˵
ϰ[Ц][Ц]


11 
Ľľõ֣صסԷֱߵԺٻš
δһŲԶ̧һԭһͬ޵ҹŮ
ľ㣬ôˣȥˣߵ£ȻЦʡ
ĽľֳסգƵ̫ûˣȥֲ㣬ûн֣ҲûмҪҼ̳Уȥˡֻ̫ģĵطûУ˵ץʿʣȥ֡
ֺô
ˣ޷һŮӻŵǵ㹴˻̣ܽµҶ䶼ˡ
⼸λʿ䲻ʮ߰ͣ壬ʶ㣬ŴҲþ
Цпƣⲻûο壬ɲ׳£иùãϲŮˣ˵ҪڣȤ˵ҪýѰء
һЦù˴˴׸ףǼɵץסٲҪһƤ
ĽľҲЦˣ⻰ûëҷƼ飬˵㽫ˡ
΢٣ŸпֻǼͽҪһֱ⣬һӹĹӣҿɲ⡣
ͷͣǣҲ֪ʦôģҲԸһ
Ľľ涸ȻһתҪΪͽҲԸ𣿡
һ㶣漴ʧЦ֣ôܣ㵱󣬲Ű£˵ͽˡ
ĽľһߣʲôܵģڽãۼŸź澽˵յͽ澱˵棬㶼磡ͽ۹⣬˲ҹά
⡭˻棿ţߵʹƽӹڴ
Ľľͷǡʱ⴫һԽ˭Ҫҵ
æ̧ͷȥһֳֽԺУĿԼľΪβȥ
Ľľգգ۾Ŀƿҡţʵڸʹ̣Ъȥ˭֪ϺȻ˽ҽȥðæʱŷһ
ᡰšһˡ
Ľľ˿æ£ͼӴ׵˵һ飬ɫ糣ʵ棬ѵͲģ
һЦʲôҶ˸ʦã˻ء
ɵǰ¾һȻһ˼㣬˸յ˼ȫˣ⻹ֵõ𣿡
Цˣʦ𲢷Ǻ˱˵ˡ
ûƼϲĽءҲǸͶõģ仰ܺջЦôãЦ
⻰ϵЦ⵭˼֣ˣʱ㣬ľ˵ĲһɾҪԴˣ
洹ָⲦѩལϵҹ飬ǵ˼Ҫô
һЦȻ֪Ѷˣ뿪ʦţһףܼ̳²ˣֻ㣡
ҡҡͷСҵʦãǱ㲻ȥΪ˿ʵ
ʱƲƲ죬㣬δ̫ˡ
Ľľǰʣ棬ô죿
ǳЦҼʦ㣬ȻҪͬʦúúദΪʦǡҴʦͬסʲ㣬ұָ
Ľľɫ΢䣬Цһϣôȵʦ㣬ϧˣ˼ʦȥɽˡ
޷ҿȥɽ
ģ
Ȼֻǲ֪ʦʲôţҸ׼ͬԷźá
ĽľЦᣬǼڴλʦãɵɫһڣҾͲˣȶʦôģβԼȥ
˵գת棬Ĺĵģϴ¼٣ֱݺݾһ֦ǵû֦һ
治ɵ̾˿̧ɨ磬⣬ͬ뿪
ĽľŲԶȥֻ˶ˣҪͷϺȻһأ濿˹ȥϵ仨ʣôͲˣ
ĽľûƿҺİ⣬ȴˣָҸ˲ɣ
ЦһΪľ㻹ҲֻǱֱֶΣҸϲķӡ
ЦùĽľеٻ֦ŵʦϲΣƾҵʵԶҲԽȥͬסҲ뽫˷Ƥӵ¿š֪֪ˣڲ֮أ𣿡
Ľľס漴תŭΪϲȻһЦ棬ܵϸҲ
ת淽Ļյ֪ˣҾͺúô澾ʲôˡ
洽һĨĻȣΣգʲôáϣеڶš
˵ţٻ֦Уͬʱ齣ʰ硣һ˲ʱ飬ѩ¡

ʦҲԹˣͽǺǻȴ
ʳ߽ԺУЦ׷ʣʦ˵ҵʾΣ
ӵ䣬ȻĿж⡣
Ҫ֪һɵ츳û츳͸ӦȻҲ޷ɡ
˫һţǶĸӦԶˣٶȸ죻ӵʿȻʲôԵĹѧʵʲôѧãٶȸˡ
Ϊ˸ŲĽСҹޣ˽ʱǿƿжҾͲ˵ˡ
ʵʱܳɹҲû취ͻĽΪȥСҲѴŲнףƾٶȣ˵ԶϲϽС
ͬˣСѾˣȻδûа취ٶȡ
ϾڳΪʰǰҲ꣬ʱ޵ĻľԹƷġ
׹һʮ㣬ÿһͨǰֱͨǿơɱһ㣬ܼ飬ʿıΪӶꡣ
ֻ⹦Ȼȴʿһ㶼ûУֻʵʵл
ҲΪҪǧ׷ݼ塣
ǵǰʱ򣬰֪οҲûУһ䡰ʵ£ѧ´޷һء
ΪһĻش𲻻ʲôͬҲ׼
ȴϣΣȻرߣԺб紵ҡҷඬҶº͵ʸߵֻͣҪѧһա
һ²ɵ÷Ϊʦ̬Ⱦ˲ͬ
ڸϵͳҳϿϢ
ʱ뿪һ۷ȴȡƷŻصɽʰһõĶ
Ӧ۷ĲԣֵʡзԼΪͽÿһٿƷʯĹ
˵һʾ޿ɶԶҪʵԣȴԶԶ
иϵͳǿת䣬ϵͳҳ渡ǰҲʱע⵽ҳ϶һĿ
ǸϤ֣ͫ͵һ漴ðһͷѵųѰĺø


12 
ȻϢͷӿļ˲ʱȴ
<Ŀ>

壺
䣺[δ֪]
[δ֪]
磺[δ֪]
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹[δ֪]
ͨ[δ֪]
ɵðЦһŶִһΪҲǣʶһ죬˪ӣжѾѵˡ
֪̬ȴºͣҲΪøðɣ
˼ţ嵭ʵɽģϷ䣬ԶഩЩ·
ûӭϰĮȻ͸ŹеĿ⣬һ£漴Цʦġʦõģѧˣް䡣
岢δϴǰ㷴΢΢ףȲ䣬ٺòˡ
Цʦմѩķ嶥϶ƣ볭֣أ쳢ߵʯǰʳУҿǶ˳һֻ໨룬ͳֱһ׺ֱð
Ǹϲ³ˣֻΪڰǰǡʦͽ
Ϊ볭֣δȥŵ̯ʵʳģߦƤϡϡǵã󱾵ˣˡ
˵Ŀζƫƫʱ˴н֭ͺ棬ʹڸиŨ
ɺͿζװһԼԣһ˸ڶ۷磬˳Լǧٷ壬һװʳڵ˰ǰ
ŵʳɫ΢̾ͳ֡һγƺһǰ
֪Ѿ˿ڸ֮Ҳ᳢ָ߸
ȻŰĹ̬ȣԼ˿̻ĿǣĪһ˿ϣһһΪƽأ
ܵʦһޣƺҲ
ڣתĵϧұٹȶ꣬˵аУպҲٷЩ
Դһʧ䣬漴Թ𷽲Ŷ԰ڴԼ
Ů˲̬ºЩ㾹ǰĳǹϣ
볭֣ɢˣͽҲ͸
̧ͷǵƮݵıӰһ˿裬к޺޵ҵŰɣƽһ졣ʱңҲģ
תͷ
ʱϹɵ飬ЦʣʦҪʲô첽塣
彫ǰඬҶ֦ඬԪ庮ˮȥðɡ
֪ҩֲȻ֪ҶǺöܴҩⶾϲ£лʦ𡣡
΢΢ף֣߰ɣҽһݹɳ˶
ֻһۣһĺ̶ӳ档
̷ʯϣԾĴ̶֡
嵭ڣ˴ˮӯȽһ׻ˮϵպˮ̶ȡһö򣬵ݸ
ӹ϶ǣ鿴һݣȻǰǲ
ԡģ⹦оŲ㣬ÿһܶһʼܸӦˮ¶飬žƿظˮˮΪˮΪܣܹܷˮʿԣٺòĻ
ޡҲá֮ѡ
׿ڽҪ̷Ѱ˿ƽʯ£ת
°ƳߣھУ޷תԳһѵӡ
Ȼһ˲һֻıģһķ֮͸ڣ߾Ĺϴ򿪡
ʱ¶㵵飬תͷϿȥȴĿȴ͸˿֮⡣
ͷҪģӦ塣
ᳵ·Ϸݹˣչ鵤ת죬һ㱡ˮϢֶɢ
״ײɵӹһ˿ȡȻ׿ԽĵҲ˿ٶȣοֻǸƽӹ
ѵ˵䣬˸ţ
ҡҡͷԼ϶Ǳ־ɴƫˣҲ쿪ոͽ̳šϣһϣרôͻµƿɡ
ɫӵؿһۣ漴ջƣĵ壬¡һѮ֮ڣͻһ㡣
ˣȴϾӦ̤;ƿزĸо˷ܲѣȫĳС
״ٶԣתݹ⣬Իǧ׷嶴
̶ľΨżֻм𡣳еоʱţֱ߸ѭϣ۾žĺɫĺϣһжûʵҹɫС
ǰ̶ǵɽ·
ǧ׷ɽֱɽŲݣʱصɽԵʣƣۣ档
ҪȥԺţ۷ʦã
ת۷վĿΪºͣռô˵ģɻ˳ʲô⣬ʱԸҽ
һů΢Цлʦģʦ˵ֻҪѧָտɴ
۷סοĻʱ˺䣬ͷɻʲôʱҲ˿ˣ¶һĨеЦǾ̫ˡ
üһ䣬Ŀ۷磬˵ڻ˭Ը˺ģֻᡢҲֻ۷硣
ţʦٰշʦʦţ˶֮ҲΨʦΪ顣ݶһֱ
˼ЦʣʦùôнۣҴأûԵĻҲһݰɡ
۷ʱ볭ֵ㣬ʶʿˮɫʦҽڸ֪֮
գۣһЦ֪ˡ
棬۷áæ𣬺ˣʦýˣȥԷסô룿
֣Ķһ٣˲ʱһ˿𺡣
ģĽĽѣӵͬסԼĻϲذȥԷȴȫ۷ʧ䡣
ͽʿиңΪ״ȴύͬţЩʿûȣ˲ֻ̰ĽȨ󣬱㽥Զˣ۷Ҳͬ˽ޡ
ʱֻ˶ҵƫȴδע˴޵İʳ
ƼưŰϵţһɲϷŪҪҹյ£ƶק볾࣡
ʦãȥȥɡ۷شֻԥΪѣ䲻ᣬǰȰʦõ᲻ˣҲֶ߳¡סһǱҸá
л˵
𼱣ɵģΪǱԺٺ[]


13 
ҲȥʦţڰǰǸ澣ǾͲһ·ˣȥҲֻᱻ𡣡
۷ɫһӵζֺγûܹأ
ĬƬ̣ǿһĨǳЦ͵ʦòˣ֪ˡֻµʱϲء
䣬Ťͷ۷磬ʦѵǿʯôǸ˾͵ϲʦߣֱ˵ǡ
۷һЦ⵭ȥȴͣĽ͵ҲҪߣΪáʦ츳ΪԶ֮ϣ˭лָġ
˭˵ģҾʦõģŤͷһңҲҪסɽ
۷緽ű˼䶼δֱ׹ִĺûЩ޴룬Σګګؼһ䣬ɣպɱڡȴסܿƵ
һᣬȺˣ˰˵Ժʯϣ¹һأԺ֦ǳ
۷һʱ𣬻ضȡ˽صĹ𻨾ƣԹ棬˼ƣձȾϺΣԳ΢̬֮˻ϻӡ
ʦãֺγȥʦǶʵҺĳ޶£ĸţͱүүϳ˼ͷΪҺʦҪҪУȻǧٸԸ⣬ʹ˽ڣʮֱ꣬űʦʽ¡
΢΢һ㶣ǰɴδ۷˵£ʧ䣬ɵùеⲻǺܺô䲻ˣȴԼʦϵͽȫھʲôĵأ
۷ظǰһʲôĵأͷоһˡ
صӣ²һ£סֱۣʦ㣬ʲô飬˵˵ܰ
۷һԳȿɿʦʾˣδ¶£Ȼ˿̣Ǻ˾ƵԵʣֻ̫ᣬоһɬίʦñСȴ޶˾ãԷ
ʦã㲻ãΪʦűӻңʦ̵ңʦǾҡҲžǡ磬ΪȴͣͲǰưһλҲŲõʦöȥҲǼǺֻΪͽıʣȴ˲ãʵ޵ݡ
´㵣δǴݺЦʦ㣬ľ˳صĸ
ѹǰЩ꣬ʦΪһֱͣͲǰθ̫أһΪͽΪʦŷǣڵ󣬱㳹ױסҲŲ£Ϊн档
Ŀ۷磬ֻǱ׾࣬벻οĻ۷ļʦ㣬ѹȥս棬ưһΪ
۷ºڣ͵һЦʦã֪ưһʲôʵ𣿾ҳͷôһ˵ȷʵöˡ
΢üңưѣʲô֪ģ
Ϊ˼ͽУưڹϽ˽еıԾڳϼ֤½СսӮ±ԣȡսߵΣǰɻ÷ʯ׻ӵнŽ١
ǰҲӰβУս߾Ӱ׵棬붼¡
΢Խ԰ԼƲʦУ϶ɨء
⣬Ƕõı
۷磬Ŀᶨʦ㣬˵ѿʼٽұŵ彣ɣȶѧˣȻʤ棡
۷һʦƽӹĶ֣ƶҲˮͷЦã㽫㣬ȹ̣ұ彣
漴ȡһСƿƿ鵤㣬
ҩƿһм˵Щʲô۷ȴҡҡλεվҲûȥˡ
¾ᵴӰƮȻԺţʧҹɫСԶԶģֻ㯵ĵʱ[ע1]
۷ڽʫ㷢пɼԼŵİοδܿѵҪ棬ħ
еĲ鵤ͫٿȼһĻ棬ʦ㣬ˣ϶ҲҾǸзɣϧƫ
ʰ꣬ص鰸ǰƣִĬдҩ䷽
ڵһļ䣬˾ͨƷ⣬ֲҩԣͨ鵤
۷Ĳ鵤ܰҩվޡŬ䣬һ߱ķӣʿЧãܹٶȡ
ڰඬҶǲŷãպҩƵܷӸĹЧ
ҹдõҩҩ͡һսִ˰ʱ˯¡
һ磬㻻խ黨裬úסһٿʯᳵ·ֱ̯жȥ
һյĹʹӼλ̯ʦУ߱ĸҩģ㻨ȥʮʯһζҩϪݣһȦҲûѰ
Ҳѹ֣⴦̯жʿ׸ֲڵݡĵҩƵķ֮ܶ˲ͷ̯ҩŵİٲիȥˡ
ֻǰٲիҩȻȫӦģ۸ҲҪࡣ
˴ȷʵûеϪݣת뿪
ٲիǰδ̤ȥ洫һֺҪ⼸»գ԰£ظҿͷٽһ̣һꡯ̹ˣǿһ¡
ŲסĿһɨǸڣɹдŮӣı
ɫ΢˺Ľľһ֮ѣǰΪѣǳЦƽӹ˵ʲôͷ͸ˣֻ˼ڣʶ㣬ԼԶЩ
Щŭգû뵽ټײ۸ˡ
Ķ֣ͶԷͻ޺ôҲûǸΪ˳ͷϪҪ
뵽⣬˵ڣĲ߽ڣֻҪע⡣
ȻʲôʲôսţһϷʵЦ𣬡ϣⲻյİͽСʦ㣬Ҳҩİ
䣬޷׷ײĿͶĿ⡣
䣬ǹİɣѱ֣ҲûڵıҪˡ
ӵĿ⣬ƤδǱ̧һ£ֱߵ̨ǰͼݣʮ굤Ϫݡ
̻ƿ۹£ȡʮ굤ϪݣЦʦ㣬ɣʣʮˣʮʯ
һƷʯ
զ࣬뵽߱ĹЧҧͳ˴ҪˣȴƮ˹
ҳʮʯʮ굤ϪݣҪˡ
ʱǴҪ
ǶⵤϪݱֵüУֻ˶̧ʯ࣬ƴС㣬װ⣬ԷӦȤ˵ͷˡ
˼ˣŭ⣬絭ȳ£ⵤϪݣұøɡ
δԤϵǰգֻһȭ޻ϣһװʲôȣòǸ۰ɣͽʮƲҩйġ
ڣһȻΧʿдʦ㣬ղ۸BСʦ㶼𣿡
Ȼһ¼ɫ˲ȥæЦǰԲȴһƿ
ղ˭˵վĿɨˣš
ڶΪʿΪߣʩѹʮܣ˲ʱ߳ϸܵĺ顣еСʿɫף±Ǩŭæ˳ٲի֮󼪡
һ㶼ûУѹ֮£ƵˣЩĹ򵹡
ǿվ뿴˭ôеӲ磬һʿȺͦ׵˵ģΣ
ʱ岻ѣʿ
֪ͷ˱һ˲㵽󣬵Сʦ㣬ͽ粻ô㡭Bɣ

ջظղǾ仰
ﵽĿģѹɫƵؿôСʦǴǳͷ
˵¡
Ȼλݵʿȴ۾һڴؿʿҲˢˢ˸ϣĹâ
Ŀ⣬ɵ̾˿Ҳˡ
ת룬ܽ˻ݺݴ磬Ҳ㱨ǰ֮˳㻹Ż۵
ǣǰ絭ҼȵСʦͷͬţȻùһˡ
л˵
ע1[]ӡ


14 
һͬôû
ͬߵǸBʿǰһɫֻճ죬ǻ˸ȣ˲һ˿Ȼ
ƽڣ»ڼ֮أǻȶʥƷҪΪл𣿡
Bһ۱ԼĲ羴æͷСʦ˵һҲǰȥεȲժҩһƬȻҵأл𶾡ȥ˶뾭ҿ಻ԡٲիի˵Ψ»տ԰γⶾҿ꣬ײεҩ˭֪˭֪ʦ㾹̧ۣ»վߣһҲϸ˵ҧгݣ߲ѡ
۸ߵã쾭壡Ҫ־͹ԼãԹҡ°΢Ŀⲻм
Bɫˣ㡪
棬ʵѵλǱˮŷҪ»ղɣ
Ȼ˵ʲôСǽ˫ƽӹܱȵģ
ҡҡͷʹϧǾ鷳ˣ»ܽǲ٣ֻǴڱˮԵʿȻʥҩԵʿǾǶҩˡ˻𶾣ҲẮ壬òʧ
˵֪ⷬҩ׷𾪲ѣ˴˽ͷӶλСʦλͨҩѧʶĸ֣˲űУ¡
ҩĹ¶Ŀţŵʦб£ɵúúʸ飬Ҫ붯ʣ϶ܸһ¥
BȴǾɥѣʵҩɽˣ
΢΢һЦ£֪ӣҩºͣһ£ܸλ𶾡
BʱתΪϲСʦ㣬벻㾹ı£ҿҩɣҸмպƾǲ
ɨһۣ˸ղѹµı֣Ǹʿǲһ㡣
˵豨𣬺һЦòǱջ˰ɣܽⶾҷù»˵Ҳʮ꣬ɴûйңСʦǴɲʲôҽʥˣĺڵһ澣
תСʦ㣬ҡײƭɵţҪҺҿҩԳƢҲ֪ģСղ˳
գޱ鿴㵱ΪԼûкΪÿԲ֮ҹе庮ޱȡ׹أ
һѿڶô֪
ԣ֪Բ飬塣˰˼ԼЩ꣬һҲʲôأ֪ܲСʦ㿴
ҩҲڴʱڷ裬䱻ȴˣǴʹ۾
ֻǴ˿ΪĻĻңϾ
Դʮϵ˲ӣȾ𶾺ÿ궼»ѹơԲҹ庮ëϸǷҩųֵġ
ҽ˭˵⺮֢Եɡǰδ»յ⣬˵ûǻδ壬
ɲӣ²һЦ
ʵ֪֢һ£ҲǴɡһԲҹͬˣ˳С
ʱ뵽ͬޱȽڴϸտϴ㴳˽ֱº䣬Ҫͬһ˯
һǸ⣬˵纮֢˹ֻ뿪
ʧ䲻ѣҲֻ´ɾת֮ʣȴһЦô˵Ͻɣ
Ϊ滼ûʧʱֻ¶ԷͬһڱЦء
ŰȻᣬĿ۸ģ
񣬲磬ֱ̨ҪֽʣдŽ⺮ķӣյݸƣļĹ¾һ
ѩһ顢ظꡭЩѰҩģɻⷽܽ
ɴһʱ˲ʱɫඬҶһƬСʦ㣬δдɡ
ƶһֲ
ɫɣ⡭ඬ٣֪ΨгһꡣʦԣһʧҶɹҲͳˡΪҪû˵ˡ
ĸ⣬پǰԨԴΪΰ־͸֦Ҫڸȥǹʦһ
ǡ
΢ǣ⣬
ӴȡһƬҶЦ˵ʦ֦һʲôѰء
ֱ̧㽫Ҷ׳Ըշӽҩùްɺĥɷۡ㹻Ƴʮҩˡ
ܼһŵøæ˫ֽסһʹϧֱ㻹ǸͨҩأǱ漴Ʋƣץҩơ
ϴĽľ˵ʮϲвδţ˿ۼ־ó˵ඬҶŲòš
ţҩȻЧշץһݣƫƫһζඬ٣ȴҲŪ
ֻҶҪſԷҩȴǾ޿ܡ
˫۱أһм߷ߵ룬˵һҩûã
ʱܼѽҩƺˣװڰ״СƿӹҩƿBңÿշһ裬һº󣬱ܻ
BæͷСʦ㣬ҵȻ㣡ӹҩƿȡһ¡
ͬ첽ǰΪеشоΣЩûС
װ⣬ȴʱʱһۡ
һᣬBϵĳ˼֣һԭǵϺĽҲٲʻصࡣ
Bϲʤлۿˣֱóȫ
ǵ΢ʯգھܾιʣ֦ඬٸңҸһٿʯ
˷ŭȥ˵̬
ȴ֪ȵľ仰˲ʱһ˿⣬΢Ϲˡ
磬ΪѵҡҡͷУʦҵģһ֦Ѿܲˣʵڲٸˡ
ɫʱѿǰɣǮۿʯܸù˰ɣ
һɣҡҡͷ漴ʵ֮ͬ꣬ҸҲ޷ʦµġҲҪʯ
粢δɵΪ͸ȴһѵҪʨӴ󿪿
ҪʲôҸ㣬ң
ߵǰһЦģҪĶ㶨Ȼ𡣡
簵һȴӱģ澳Ȼʶࡣ
δϣȻһ䣬ֻҪ£ظҿͷٽһ̣һ֦̹ˣǿһ£Ҷ͸㡣
˶סˡ


15 ط
ŵؿһ澣ôҵ
ŭ㾹֪ʲô𣿡
ȻݣҲ֪Ƣ𱬣Ľľӣһͷͻ᲻ܲ˵ض֡
ΪʲôҪ磿
ȻֻΪһѿ֮죬Ϊ˼ŭȡִֵ
ֻôùȥˣҲûϵͳ
ûٴ̼ݵġ
磬һЦǣݣҵʦôʦʦõģѵӡ
籾ҵѹˣϷʦѹ˻ʱɫ࣬㡪
ɫرΪңҲ䵱ʦҳһСʦ㣬ȫͽ㻹浱Լб°
ʦʵãȷԷءƽϣ磬ҵ¯ʦõĳ⣬ʦҿΪΣ
ֻһϢڶϣѪɫ˲価ʣ֮ȼŭĻ档
ҿ
δ䣬һɫشЮֱš
ɫ΢䣬ˣҲ֪ʷҵĽצܲܵסһ
ǡʱԺһϤı
⵽ĿִֵƼѷ
۾һʱķ಻࣬
<Ŀ>

壺
䣺17
˫ʲ
磺ףȹ̣ǰ;ڣ
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹ؽƷ
ͨ𴸡д
ǱȽСͨķҲ𣿻˵ֻܸ
˿Ͼϸ˼ۼϮǰæܣ漴Ҳûһ޶µĽ𴸣ֻӳ
һڰպݺײĳʿܡ
类һ飬ʧɫôҲ𴸣
ɫʦóţʶ㣬ѵδһܹȡ˹ֻҪʮ֮ڣٲԸҲᱻ߹ΪʦҾЦˣ
˵ţһаЦػ߹ȥ
⡢ʲôаҸûæ𴸵ǰ󳷣㡭վסٹˣ
ȻŲرƽµϾı顣
͵ײϹ̨޿ˣɴһһԴ˳ȥŭȻʲôˣҪ㣬Ů˸ϳţ
棿
Ϥ֣һ˲漴һĨζЦ
ðһλñطĹء
䣬תƿΧ۵ޣ첽˵ţ̵ֻͬж׷Щż
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׵Ļް΢ĵ棬һΣ˭֣˭˵׼ء
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˵ţĿһӣ̾ʦùȻòǷ޹ʦǰϲ㡣
ⷬ˵׺Ȼ˭ˣ崺硢ϲʤ
Ϊ⸱ǫѷŵ̬Ի
֪Լòʵƽƽ棬ڶԷǰԲĶԷҲΪ˼ŷͶ˵ݲ࣬ʼղұ¶ļ
Լסˡ
һʱ嶯̹㺣ֻ¶ԷҪǺ츳Ĵϲ񣬸Ὣݲĳ⹫֮ڣΪȫڵЦ
ĳϦ飬˽
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˵ţ̧ḧգⶼʣʦһңҪΪͽҾܾ˵Լֻƽӹͽǲϣඬ޶ͺˣҲҪء
䣬ڵвЦҪȵʦ㣬϶ݵʦİɣ


16 ҫ
δعһЦʦڸҫ𣿻Ǹأɰ
һԵĽľûĺɫڽ˭˵أƫСƵģҫأ
ֹľʦǰ˵
ĽľŤֻһߣ
Թۣһһףǳú˫ɣϧϷϱӾͿˡ
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˵䣬Ƴ棬ֻЦ΢һ˲ֱָֻ̧
Ľľûˣ⻰Ŀһۺ㣿
֮ǰڽüΪͬһֻ䣬δϱԾա
ָŭ澳ľ֮ʣƷиǱӲһ㣬ֵĽľۺ죿Ҿȥۺ·ߵһҲۺ㣡
ʦôˣǿЦĪǡ˵ˣż
ĽľŭѣüŻѪ㡪Ҵ𣿱Ϊﻣס磬ҾͲҶ㶯ˣ־һƷ磬
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ȴ֪治ȡֵ˱㶺һްġ
˵ʱǹżĲѧᣬĿΪ˿׾Ǳӡ
ɲصޣЦݣΪѵǡʦ㣬ʦҲӦҪҿɺˣһƿ鵤ҿɲþܾ
˵ţԹصһۣ㻹˵ʦ㣬ݼûССҲҪ
ܾԼ۷ȣɫʱЩ
۷ڱ˵ʲôǿеĲ죬ЦЦôһʱδ׼áʦδ˵ôҲʱʱ̽ء
еӣ΢գȴ֪ͷӦ˵ѽ˵ʦʦһˣǰưţͱˡ
˵˴棬ֵ佣ͷЦԺ׵λþ͸ֵ
˫ģһڱصõӣȴƾʾްܣΪ⡣
öԷֻצޣʮֿɰЦͷðʦɾ͵սһˡ
˶٣ʦѧɲǸ⣬ڽϵ裬Ͼ̫
ǳֻδ˵ڣ㶸ȻͣסŤͷ
ѭĿ⿴ȥֻ۷վڲԶǣͷ͵һ


17 ø
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Цֹǲ̫ϲǡ֮ǡ
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۷ץס˫֣ʣʦãģʦṼҵģ
кᣬʮָжһƬãȻ˺£Լûɣʦôͼˣ
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ǡʱһƬɫһ紵Ȼ鰸ϡ
̧ͷ⣬һ׵Բӳ¾޶뵽ǰƺҲһԲ֮ҹȥġ
ʱ䣬Ǳѹȥ죬ͷڽҹ
θأи˵ֻ˵Լ˲ˡ
ջߣŷ꣬˯£뵽˶˾ŲΪõѡ
ʱʩչ˶ֱߵС֡
ڽҹѰҲֻˣȸ˵
һߣЦ棬ɽȥתۼ߳Զ
˼⣬һļźá֮ǰ뷨ѡһ͹ȥˣ֪ΪΣ˿̾ܶԷ
СЩᣬҲʧԿɰѰ䲻һҲԲԼġ
漴һȪ˽ĸʦ֣֮һֱĸ֮ڸ߸һΰνʣӣ޳տ࣬溮趯ɫâ𣬽ԽȪˮˣһڲɶõı
ʱиĶˮĸԼ彣ʦóѧڱ͸úʡ
񣬲δܣǰһϷʵʦʲô£ˣ


18 ѱ
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ЦǰղΪҪֵҺ֡
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ԣЦһ£мֿȡ֮ƾʣвԼ
ϲŭɫ˲δԷ
ֻĽľҵĹϵȻǷǣԽƾͼƣ⶯ŭ뿪ˣǺңȴάжķ

治ΪȻǾ飬ĽľӦңӦ涯˼
Ľľ֪뷨ǰʵΣͬôãҪඬ𣿡
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һ֣šҲΪζйǵҥԻϡ
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ԣɫ
ţһ˿Ĺ⣬¶˾ģˣʹʹټ㣬˿̾ҵĽ°գ
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ɲǼ䣬һ֣ʱǰġ
ɱѳ飬ҲǷĿɱǡ
װΪԷ


19 ı
ȻΣѲ룬һ˲ʱó𴸡
ͬʱƿ죬¾ʹӣֱǻؽӳһ¾ʹȫȻгǵܣײ
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ҪȴƲסˣֻŽԷؿڡ֮ʣб͵ҹһɫ󴸣һ죬ҵַɳ
ȫסˣһƬհס
ֱһƺߣŽȴѹڵأַɳĳϷɹϲһѪۡ
һУҲ˲ȥ˭ȣܵ˫ֱµû°ɣ
˲ģ벻һЦͷˣʲôټҵĻͲˣ
һ漴תΪŭֺ̧ݺݴ򣬡֪֪ղҲ͡ɱ㣡
̧ͷо飬Ҳܣ࣬Ҳûġһ뿪ʲôƨŹˣòã˵ţסԴ򴦡
һ£ظоһȵʪ⣬㲻ٶԼ
ֻĵԾãȻѵҪ뿪
Ž̵δѱʦţٺͶ壬㽫ԶͽҪأ
븺ţҲ븺
ϧȫҪһ֮ܽ⡣
˼ˣſңء
֣ø˿ѷͽǹƨء
ͷᣬ̧ͷ˵Ҹղſˣ㽣ҷɵʦ𴸡û뵽ʦ㿴װͰ͵ģĵȴյŮģúʵϾǸȡ
δ䣬ȴȻùŹǿʲô˲õ
ʣȴԷ͵شƿһƨɵ˵ϣ㵣ôˣ˵ʲôˣ
಻𣬱ѭĿתͷȥȴһŮӴ߳һУ𴸱ɻϡ
˶סˣССʦ㡣
ұǣػŵİ취˵飬һ߰ա𴸣תߡ
һ±ӵϵСʦ㣬Сʦ߰
׷ǰżæŵҸ˵ˣҪ˵ȡ飡Сʦ󷽡
δ˵꣬Ѿͱײһ£ɵһƺߣת࣬ί
Ϊ˭
ȴЩŵЦЦСʦ㣬ǻûлأֻûʲôԱģõǵĵطܷԸ
ϵкá
˵飬ǶĿޡ
װ뷴Ϊ˰æȻԼá
˱飬ҵһҪȥ£Ҳϵܷڡ
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ȴһãס֣вУǻţҪֿҲҪֿͬ
΢ҧס´ɿʱѾף漴Ʋߣˣòã鰮վʱһʱ嶯вĳԶ֮Ҳò˶ãҾͲϲԷˣ佫Թ˿̷ֿѡ
Ϊ϶Ҫݣ˵ʲôԼ
ĬΣŰڣ֪࣬ղΪʲôҪƭһ𣿡
ѾµˣȴΪȻΪ
һļº£һۣ㲻вôֱǺ֣Ҹ㣬ԺҪԶһЩҸǰ
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ԣɵõɴ۾мȴָжֻ˵
ҲͦõģԶңҲ޺ˡ
㾹ȻҪΪȥۿٿһ죬Ǳ𣿡
漴˹ȥֽסʵҲˣһضȥɡ
»ϲѣת뵽ŵִֻ˿ΪжӦԼڣҡҡͷڰɡǲһ𣬵ʱʱ㣬ұˡ
ۿŶ˱һѷᣬĵһЦǸ˷θ
Ҫûĳֻǵİһȥˡ
ڿ̳һµǸУĿֻǰûһͱ󣬲ԸŰԼǰƴȫؾΪ˺ľȫ
һ
ǹ޴ģҲѹۣܿ˽͵ִ־ץţһ˫䣡
Ҳãϲ˽׵ˣ٣ٵĻᱻƭѡ
˽һ͹ˡ
ҪֻϧΪˣƱػᱻɣֻôͷ
˱ˣſһЦǲصģҿǻȥţͬʱطֿ
˫۷Ź⣬ϲ𣿡
ͨ죬ⲻܰգʦԶµŹ棬Ϊġ
۾ôͲˣʹʦģԼڹ棬ѵԼôֻҲԷɡʱһڹ棬ͬ裬Ϊ˲һ»ز𣿡
£Ҳɳˣʲôģⲻܣ̫߳
ǻԼĶûɣСʦ㣬ʱˣͱǿЦˡ֮Уû˸˵ˡ
˭˵ûУԶߣǰѽЦᡣ
һ㶣ʲô˵ҡ𣿲еģҿɲȥ
һԣתȥ
ŵֱۣڨЦСʦ㣬ҸˣҶһһ⣬ᱳģ
û˱飬ʦ涼Ը⣬Ҳ޼ƿʩɣ
ǻ˭
˿ţСʦ㣬˼ǡ㡣
ͷЦʵҶʦһ顣
˾Ŵ죬ԭء


20 
ϵǻֵķӦӽͣݵͼ֮ҳţ֮ΪңΪҰ켸£ʱ죬Իᰲǹػڡ
һۣӶԷпɡ
ɲ취ף˼Ǳֻ֪³ҪңֱӱƤںӽͥι㣡
ֻ˽ĲԸֿСʦ켸Ҳ޷ʱվˣҲͽʵִһԴԸ뿪ˡ
ȴһ˼˵ϲ𾪣漴һˣĵ׶˸м׽
˼ϸ壬֮ǰڽǰƳСʦϲСʦδؾǵ˼
ֻǵһ㣬¼֮꣬պСʦ㶯飬Ҳǲģ˵¶ˡ
޳˭˵׼պأ
˿̣ΨڵϣǰãģҲֻнץסˡ
һǿϣ
ǣеת˲˼Сʦ㣬ԸǱѸмҪʲôܷԸǡ
ŵͷġֻСʦ㣬о仰ҵ㣬鰮֮£ûȫİգǧҪ֪˼
΢΢ף
漴ŷȡĺĺӦ֪ɣΨһжˣعվҪɥȥ䣬˳ȥűǧʯذʯҡ
Ϊʲôɱ˷Żأԭֻţ˿ӹظСʦ㾡ܷģ֤Ĳٵظ
ţСʦ㿴أϾͺ˽ǳӦҲͦǮģ˵ҲȥͶʲôɼ壬ֻҲһǰ;
˼ζһЦҾ͵ǵĺϢˡ
ͷӦ£ѼڵصĽޱķԸ˱תЯֳӡ
ĿӰɫ½нԶϵЦݵȥһ˿İ΢⡣
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һҪ湧ʵʦͽ裬ʹˡ
ʦ𰮵£ôԲõ֪أ
ڵͽȻҵ˵Ժɾ˵׼ˡ
ѾԤ뵽ĳһ죬ȫȻԼʦ˿е֪£ε𾪡
ʱָվͽأֻޱҲάֲסյĸ˰ɣ
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ѾȲҪΪԼҡˡ
ȻԽòŻԽ㣬á
ıûУȴеǡ
˼ظԶϵһöɫ룬µģһõĺܾˣɫˣ˵ġ
ֶȻǰҲı˸ɫҪ͸棬δͳȥͱᵽˡ
Ҳ֪ɲϡö롣ʲôöû챦ûϲοһöͨĽأ
ţԼҲ׼һݻ񡣴˿ȴ⣬ͽöɽ͸ʡ׼ҲԵñĲá
˼ˣ㽫漴ԭ·ȥһ·¡
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ǵʱܵ㣬㲻ͽĿأ
ҹû˯áûȥ̶ŲһԴй䣬عʱѾߵԷ
ЩҹΪкޣǻ˴Ǯģ˾סԷ޽ΪԶסѰɱȡ
뿪תˣһǼҲãԷС
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Ϥľ£һ㱡صԼ⻪ĵطվǸ룬һû˵ľִٺͲ
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˼߽Цٿһ٣Ŀӵش漴Ц⣬˸ѽ
˵ʲô˼ҿյͽǸýСʦأ
üһ䣬һһž޴ˮ͵شˮзɳһ죬ͷǼʿϡ
˺Լޣȴǿ
˻ʪ͸ʱͨ죬ҪˣŤͷȴԭؿտҲĻӰӡ
ﳤȥˡ
Щ˷ʱ䣬ֱԺǰŲ΢٣תȥ˸Ժӡ
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αվЦ䣬ҪҪҰůůأ
ԣŵ̴аèڵϣһŤڿˡ
ϾȥץèԲĿèĺ㡢Ҹ㣬ڸڣٶҸɻ£
ЩЦû뵽翴װͰ͵ģȴǸӲСĺܣһ˳
ǰʱôᱻһ۸أΪʱ̫棬һǽã۱ҷ䡣
ΣҪˡ
ЦʣվôԶʲôѵҰ˲ɣ
ʱȻϺ׽ӣΣŶݺݵ˭֪ﴧʲô˼
߽Ц»գȻ㲡ûУĻʲô˼һǻġ˵ţȥֱۡ
æ㣬΢Ҳ֪溦»Ǳʲô㡭ƭңҿͺң
΢㶣˾ȻᵣԼϡˡ
ЩᣬҲ㣬෴ͦĽšҪȽҵݣҲ¡
£ֵϾ壬г谮»ҲûʲôҵС㣬õĶ
˵ţȡඬ٣ϡ
סͫ΢΢ˣյĺɫԽԣżĹ⣬ҡҲ֪ҵġ
ЦһԳ澳ƽӹôģСѵںô֪֮ˣͲ㽻㿪ڣ뿪
绹ΪЦԼģⷬίĻּɫįûɵһŵǵģ
˵СʦĻȻԡĽľδʲôʾùһʱ侹˵ڡ
ԥһĹת뿪ˡ
ЩգôһŮˣͱ䱿أҲ˵ˣҲʹˣѵԼҩ˲ɣ
ţȴ
ඬ٣ȻҲûôˡ˵С㱾õĶϲЦ⽥Ũִ˴Ҷ㲻˵ʱ˵ͦġ
л˵
VǰǸոVո[èͷ][èͷ]


21 л
ǿˣȴˡ
Ŀִֵȼǿ
ͻȻǵִֵĵŤһ£ô𣿺ඬ٣ԼĺֵȻ
֪ôֺãͰඬŸԼˣ
Ǵ£֮ԸĽľɿֻⷨвͨˡ
ͷۡ
ˣ˳ȥڲڰɡ
ϵͳԺȥ˼Ҳ֪Լ׼ʲô
ǰһ񡣵ʱжѣÿÿԷó⻤ϸ꣬ο˼
û뵽ǣ⻤
ŻɢĻһ˲䣬ķ·Ҳ촷ۡ
Σ϶Ҳһ͸Լɣ
˱濴壬ʵԼ˺£һ˼Ứ
ֻóһԳ΢ĩԼ˵ǼıһԸΪԷҲԼһԼһء
û˵ıˡϾϹȥʹ࣬ºδҪġ
棬ҲҪ¹
Ʊػóپ硣ȶԷڣһ͸磬ģȻҪ֪ѽ
ֻǻδ߽ԺУ洫ĽľҪѲĸȪ͸ͬϵҲѪɣ
΢ô澹ģѵ˵Լıֺ⣿
ǲһ˿â
Ҫλش𣬲ѲԼĿ̧ͷԺ⿴۾һʦôˣĵɣҪȥء
̧һЦҺʦһȥˣôϬأ̧߽Ժӡ
Ŀԭͣϣԣ΢΢һͣһ˲ͻָ̹Ȼ
ЦǰҲúʦһءգҪʦһرɼĸһȪɳ꣬ҵһۼʦã⽣㡣
˵ţǰݳģֻ֪ʦϲ
ӹνʣһӳϡչҫ۶Ŀһ֪һѺý־ȡ
סЦʣô㲻ϲ𣿡
̧ͷϲ̫ϲˣ⽣ÿллʦ㣡͵شսȥһ¡
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ôƬ̣άļ棬ϵЦ⳹ʧ㵶ãȻ
ʶʱ滹ɬۣûԼôڲٿġŪ顣
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¶⣬ʵһ侲ع۲ŶԷķӦ
ϸЩȻ͵ק
Ľľõĳʱڶըʲôûռ𣿡
գգ۾ʲôռˣֻлʦ㡣
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ѻָѰԽһ˲ݸЦôأʦɰϲء
ţһתǱϾˣҪصЩ֮٣˿ᣬ㲻ˡ
Ŵ۾ѵˣʲôѽ
ĽľЦһװ֪ڽãζ˷ʲôɣֲû
˿ûлԱ𴩵һסֱֱۣ׳ҿҴʦ㣬ʵĽ꣬䣬ֲһҪʲô
ĽľݣͳʱĵĮȫףи϶ǱģʱǺŭַſ˭׼ģ
üҾͲţʦ㶼û˵ϲƾʲôңҲֻţһױף
˵ţϰһһ¡
£ٲ֮ǰ򶨣촽Ƭ˲ʱȼһƬ糺졣׸ոһ˿صļ¶һ˲㱻ĵױѹ
ţûнƿ˵ЩʲôգſһУʲô
̧첽߽Ժϴ𾪺Ͳ⡣
û뵽Լ˵ᱻᣬͱײˣкΡ
ͣѿڣʦһѱлһ¡
Ȼԭˡ
漴ؿҲҪл㡣
ǻĲڶΣϹʲô֣ѵֻ
Ҫֹһѱסһ¡
Ķ̫죬Щˣ֣˲Լ
ѵִǺֵǺøֵ
΢üͷ𣬡磬ֺʲô
ȻСʦһ֦ඬ٣ҵȻøлѽ
汾ʹȪ󣬾ٵ£ֻǲ֪Ҫô˵źãδ϶Էһඬ͸ˡ
漴뵽ԼŻ׽²ɵ˿ΡǳãƷȴǺõģȻͬЩֱɱĵײ˲ͬ
Цĵл
۾ʦҲҪһл𣿡
һ㶣ĿⲻԾӹԷԴӤʵգԼ촽
漴ʹţֻյĻ
Ӧûϵɣ


22 
ȥȴ͵ؿԷеĴɵñŭðԭأ
ĽľԱţԽԽǶ˼Χ֣ûȥģʲôӣҿҲϵıˡ
һۣ⻰źᰡҺʦ㲻档ĳ˸òû˹ģί˰ɣҪҪҲһ£
ĽľһæŤ˺üҾԶ㣡У˭ίˣֱĪ
һŵı飬ûŶ
漴֣ǵʦ㣬ʵҲ׼ֻЩرҲ˼óȥ˵òã
Щȣ֪ҪԼʲôº棬Ӧ
漴ǣţ߽ڣ˳ֹš
ԺֻʣĽľˡ
ЩãʲôرĶҲܿ
Ľľʲôö
˵գȻڽü壬ʱҪֶɣ
ֶʲô
ǡ
ĽľߵＸ䣬˲ʱɫ󺰵ʲôСʦҪ㣿
Ľľæס죬С
ͷɿ֣ѹǰװ޹һǱġ淸Ա㺦ţ
ţ⡭ⲻܰɣ
Ľľһߣôܣ취׾ӣʵһƵóѣܲλܶռЩʿΨհһãǳҲܽ˳ΪһͽеĿף
ɫľ㣬˵еһǾãСʦ㲻ʲôˡ
ĽľһۣôһඬپͰˣʲôʱƤҲǳˣ
²ãȴ벻ֻܹԹš
Ľľס˳˸ס˵ϢߣȥǱߣˣʲô
Ҳд⣬һ첽£Ŵķ϶￴ȥ
ɺ޴϶̫խֻӣֻóһöӻɫĽ룬ŶڴСʦ㣬һö룬͸㣡
ףѣһ۱Ƽë΢㶣ôƾɵĽ룬Сʦô˼óѽ
ֻĬΣųɿڣ㡭ȷûô
ȻȥʦǾÿʵ⽣ʮ꣬ĸֱ͸ġ죬ҺĸһѲĿˣҵһλʿŵ
ʿһѺĽһöĽ룬滹꣬رÿϲ⽣ժ͸ңҺúŬҲȥԭľϰһĽɣ
ԣײɵӹһ˿ڽڿŴ֮ףôһ˾ܽȥû뵽Сʦ㻹ͦġ
ӺʱҲҵıߣֻϧʱͬգ˲ŵ㣬֮ˡ
Щ޵к󱲣ѧģʵţ˵ġ
ֻҰԶֹڴˣ峤ĿǳΪڵΨһ̳ߡִţҺڱܳΪһңʵˡ
ҲΪǻĵôɵʺЩԻԥؽ߳֡
˵ڽҵѹ´ѣҪ֮俹⣬϶Ҳ뿴ŷʳ
ϧϣҪաںˣǸ۷ǲã鲻Ըòϣõѡ
ԼûʲôҰһ׷棬Ϊɨһϰ
Ĵڴһʼ谭δӴԷ֮ǰһĽԷϳšɶֺøУ뷨Ҳͱˡ
СʦҲ֧ͺˣĻԺһˡ
ţҵյҺǿġ˭֪Ҹĸ߳¥ͱˡĴĸΪ˰οңֱ񡣴ʱҾһֱš
˵˴ʦ㣬Բıȴûʲôö㡣Ķˣʦ㲻ϲ͡ˡ
˵Ķֻĺܣһ¡ɴ˿̣ʵĿ֪Ϊξ۲ѣ޲㽫ǽӹء
֣İѴһ㣬ӹö룬ǡôۣ̫ˣôأ
⡭Ҷʦһ⣬ʦ˵Ҫʦùⲻȥǡһлң𣿡
ͷȥɫ费ǰ¶Ķһ˳Ĳ
һȻǶһ¡ʱʲô˿̻ζȴеһǰδеۡ
㣬ֱ
ⲻ֪ڵ棬˿̺һĻҡ
׵ֱлóݵҩлǱǣűߡ
ȻƳǸ˳ġȫȻ֮֮ʱ˲ˡ
ʹ㣬΢΢ͷȥڶԷܿɫѪܵľһ¡
һԶոǣȻĶ
̧ͷ˲䣬ĿƿЩ¿ԷеĴ㵡
촽΢ţҪЩʲôһ죬תͷȥֻĽľվڴǰɫؿǣˣҲó˰ɣ
Īײ˽ĸоβѡ
µӣδӦ󣬵۾ҿʦʦ㣬һҪȥˣסȪһӣ˲ʧǰ
һֻ۾ӡ
棬ô£ҿֱԵߵˣĽľ߽ڣʵ
ɫѻָ糣ڴ͵˼ң
һʲôණһöӻɫֶϡ
ºˣұԷ£һϣûˡ
Ľľ˾ٶ֪ʱĿ¶ǰס֣ҴˣһΪ汻Իסˡ
治ʧЦ漴㵱ʲôˣҿɲΪһ֪ʧ˷ִ硣
û
Ľľ뵽Ǹǣһ󲻿죬ȻɫǰɵĻȥ
Ҫ˵Щʲô㣬⽣㲻ҪĻɲԸѽеɫ˻Ρ
Ϊ治⣬һѽȥȵඬ٣ҩȥ֡
һʧ䣬˵ʲôֲ˵תˡ
Ľľֲ⣬ǸҽҩһģʲôöûҪһöƽ룿
֪⽣ʵӵּġֻ¸ҪѪ


23 
һߣѾصЦüͷҲ
̫ЦˣȻ׵
òϲԼ˰ɣ
ûУǵһ˲䣬϶ҲĶɣ
ˣ
˺øУֻһ˿Լа취飬̶ζһϳš
ΪĽţǸ߾ư׵棬ȴΪ»뿪ڣڸ߰ԣܴ裡
澡ʧɨأɱ˻ܡ
뵽ܣбޱʹ졣
ãֹסЦ⣬漴뵽ԼΪöĸ˹£̲סЦ
ĸĻΪʲôѽ죬ĸײծͺܺˣܵһɫֵã¸붼롣
ʿһµġϧʿ뿪ĸױ룬˺
ûõĶʲô
ĸҳ֣ҲҿޣֻǴؿźˮ
ɫĽˮ˵ס
Ҳųˮף
ĸȴʹ࣬קߣ·ûϴ꣬վ͵ˣʹȥǸծģϽؼҸɻȥⶪۣ
ҹ˯ڴϣˮݵø׵ָĸɵݣǸɫ룬ĬĬһҹᡣ
ԭʱĺҪһɫ룬ճյΪֻҪԼҲܳΪܵĽɡ
Ȼʱ£ϵЦݵˣ漴һ˿ڽ
øлĸ׵ĶֻӳĸҵڽͷأǻԵأ
ĸװĸףһҿɲҪټ̳ƶų޴
գûٳţֻǱĴǰϸϸһ
γߵƬӡ
Ƭֻ̣ζ˵Ӱн񼣬ǲ˽ǧʯ˰ɣ
ˣɼǳĺܣ׷ɱĺǣҲŹǣ
Ԥı׷ɱ£һ⴫ǸôϵСʦѽôŷ֡ףСʦ㣡ô֪ǽ
̧ǣ֣߹
˲ʱȥ׵ǳЦǽҲûˣ
ЦСʦ׼ղμɥõʯҹϻ˵ţݳ
ӹһ̽ǧöƷʯɵôϲ
ʵ˿ţû˵ʲô
ɫɻ󣬡˵֣˿ʱǿЦģͣ˵šСоˡѵ˵˻ܸɣ
ҲӿڵǽСĹײĶҪ̧ȥˣӲŲᣬıͶһһˡСʦ㣬㾿дʲô
Ц
ȻǣдˣжĶ飬ں󣬱ŷؼҵһʹС긴Ľ
Ҫʩչ˽Ѱһǧ˿٣Ѫ׵ľѪΪٻߵĻǣʹػ˼䡣
໶ҪĴۣʧȥΪ
ŵĩβΪедԸңǧʯҳɹ㾡ȫΪѰǧ˿٣үĸ
໶ıжڱˣǼٵĲټ٣ȴˮ֮Ψһץסһľ
ԣƶ໶ţԻóǧʯ͸Լ
㽫໶ⲻǸԣҪˣʱҲˡ
ϲ̵ʯ漴ȡʯݸζˣǴ˴εıꡣĺҵĶ򡣡
Сʦ㣬Ҳ̫ˣǿɲգ
ǰΪͽÿ½ȡʮöͽʯöʯɵֵˡ
£ںöʲôģֻҪպúҰ£ôǡ
ԣֻҷת뵽ԼɬҪǮĵطֻ಻٣㲻ƴǡ
°пſɴδ㸻ԣûţˡ
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ޣʲô£Щ²
ϾɱǰûĽСѷı䣬ӵеǰ֪ƻԽԽСҪǿʳƹܵǶոϢ
ɫУһͷ漴ɫٲȻѻ㱨ĿǣɥϣҲ˳ϯˣͷıǽҼн⡣˼ʷûм̣ķǽ˽׬÷һźϹءȻϣҾѣѽ𸮵Ҷ˵ˣ˺
һСûɥȲ໶ĸļҲǽҹҪ
໶һظңԸʯ͸ƭӣҲϱ˽ҡ
عŵǽ⻹أǰںСʦֵˡ˶Դǧл¶Ҫڵ˼ϧѷͽҲӦС
һת漴Ц޷ǾӦн۸£ҡ
ʱֿһʾ޿
һۣô˾ٲס
ⲻǽҡײƭ֪Ǹˡ
Ǹӣֶ̣˵óܾĻ
ת룬״Ҳǰ涥ţ˵ѱţôҲ¸ˣʲôµأ
ǣ˴ӦȡһԴѶһǣһԼ䡣
Լ´μİţζ˱Яȥٴ۷ĺ
ʯʱȥٲիشĲҩƳ߱ÿմã
ܿ죬㵽˰嶨µһѮ֮ڡ
ڱ̵̶ˮУһˮֻǻһţˮ˲ȴѸʵһʤѩĳ̷ֱߵһ껱
ֻһһ֦Ҷ£Ҷӷ׷Ʈˮ档
ˮǹһĨ΢Цڸһ죬ˡ
ȻˮΪԲ㣬ٵĽ֮³Ҳڶ
ʦ֪϶Ҳ˵İɣ
ȥ߰壬ת
漴Цʦúδ㾹ͻ㣬˾˵ٶȣҪҵӹŲˡ
һʱԶȵһ£һɫӰЯ㣬ǰ
һ˪ѩգ⧲ײ֮һ͡
˶񣬾ȵʦ㣿ô
Ǵʦ֪ģ˵һ·أ
ǳǳһЦʦ˵̶Ȼ㡣
ת򱻽ˮҶЦᣬۿһʦùƽӹءԭʦƽӹʦ׾֪ʦ츳׿
ǰΪƽӹʧȥ裬øСʵ¶ֻǷݺò׻µĺøУѾȻ޴ˡ
ȻЦţüۼĲȴҪˣǰסֱۣװɵ㶡յʦΪ⼸æ㣬ҵ𣿡
΢ЦδʦöˣԸùҸ˻ôأ
۽ޣһЦķǣ
֣󣬡ʦ㣬òã㽣ָ߳ܵ㣬ҵķ϶һǧ
ǳǳһЦ⻰ͲˣΪʦʤҰٱҵָܼ˼ҡ
ַ̧෢˿ɤһ˿ƣ룬˵ҽ泤Ͻ̵ŵʦã˰յĻҲЩˣû취ʦˡ
˼ҡ֣Щסˡ
֪ʦٱԼ곤꣬ԷʼʱݣδĲϡ
οҪƽˣŸñء
˼ˣ°ԾúЦҪ˵ЩʲôȻһֻǣס漴һŶ𣬡ʦãΣ
ʲôΣ
޵Ĵеһһ˿ϸ߰Ժ󾱸һ
˲ͻˡ
ôҲޱȴ˵ʲôֻں
Լϣһֱ˵ȥһȥҲĸʡ
͵ػعһ
ǰȻΪҡǸ
沢δѧҪɶԷûԻˡ
ΣŻָƽ̧Է꼸ҪŽߵգʣʦ㣬㷽š˵ʲô
ƺδע⵽ʧ̬˿ƿʣʦԼǰӦģҪԷסһһǱ̶ĺã
ԭҪҪȥԷ¡
ıֽӵĽΪԷ˭ܾ档
ȻѾһˡ
۽ޣʦ㣬˼ȥǲһסĺá
ɫ΢䣬ӦʦǺȥһͬסģΪϴΡңҲ֪أ̲סʱҲ񡣡
Խ˵Խͣ
ס߰תȥʦԣֻ¸ˣԡʦ㣬㻹ǱΪˡ
ٿذҲûлӦ
תת飬ѵݵ̫ŵˣ
֪ʵǳԱ̣̹ΪԣӦץסᣬƾͼƣƭ鷸棬δвɱδ֮ʱ
ˣȥʦǰݺݸһ״ǣ֪ʦá
ȥԷɫȴٿһһ˫޳ֽסŽָȣ͸ᱡڼϼһϸ΢ս


24 
΢΢һϢŵϡ
ʦãԲ𣬷˵ƭ㡣
ס˵ʲôⷴӦ԰ɣ
ȻĻȣʵ٣ԭЩɵġղ˵Һܻϲ
ȥдһ˿ײĽţ֪ľദǰԷסҲῪġҲǿ㣬ɲԴӦʦһ£
ʲôϵ׽סӶתˡ
ΣҪңңߣô
һ˲
ܿ죬ͻع΢΢ü¶Ի벻⡣
ѵΪ˼Ļ㻻¶
ⲻ
治ӦõǸģҲӦڴ˿̸̻¶ĵĲ߰ˣôܵͷ­Լʾأ
ǰͷԼ罫ܹ֮ԺͽĸԸطһˡ
ڣѾⲻصޣ಻˸㱡
·𱻺ݺ߬һѣʹᡣ
ססԼ֣סȴʮָ۵ɲǣȻһαԼȴ˵ļ䡣
ԭͬ泹׾ǰҲйһκʱ⡣
ʱҲǺȻ°͵ͷһʱʱȻǣ֣ʮָ֣ۡһ㡣
ɬ¶ֻ֪ʦãǱòϰ£࣬ЩƲסϲѿڶ
ζ˵³ʼղԽ׳ذ벽
ʱΪģ裬Ϊ˳ǶԷԽйļȫĵףٻ롣
ϸ˼žʱò֮٣ǹġ
ǹҪԣ˵֮Դɺ󣬱ڡ
Ǻնģ
¿࣬ϲ棬Ҳ֪ԼԷб䲻ǿаסֻ²ȽСƣѱˡ
һ˵ĵģԸһܷͬڣҲǸ߸ϵҴС㣬Լأ޿Ψˡ
һ鰮Ϸ֮ģ³ܺõȥ
ԣϴΣѾ̫ˡ
ѲǸһɵˣҲѿ͸ļ£ȫ۶αĻԡ
ν¶Ҳٿ˵ֶΰɣ
гԾɢ̧ѱñޱȣһĨĻȣҪΪ
ǾͿ˭䳼ɣ
ʦ㣬Ḳ֣ʢ˻ϲӣҡôöأ
δ⻰͵س֣ŵҺȻ£ˡ㡣
δ䣬ʧԭء
תտյһ
ɻ󣬺¶轵һɺ̶ˮΪģѸɢ
У̧ԴͷֻһϮ£̶߸ߴʯ֮ϣ
һʦʱģ
ƳɫǰһЦʦôˣ
ʣʦʲô
գգۣһ޹ʦͽҲ̷֪ʦ㲻֪ôؾѰ˹ɷ˵ұס˵ЩԲ𡢱ҡĻʲô˼أȴͻȻˣ֡
Ǽ糣̬֮⽥ɢֻ΢΢üԭôȥ
ɫͣ˿ǷҲȫǼٵģȥ棬Ҳ»ᱻ
᲻˱ʦ𴦷
΢Ȿ˵ǷĿѽ
һۣ΢һѮˡ
Цʦµ֦ඬ٣ͽ˽档ЩӣͽĽ̻壬ҹһҲûи
ƿߣͽ̫ˣһܿ˫ų羴ǣˮľǡ
ǰףĲˡ̶ˮΪûˮأ
µ˲䣬һĿ𣬺̶棬峺̵̶ˮ˲Ϣɱ
þ˴ˮû̶ˮһ¶Ϊá
Ŀ¶ͣãԣΪˮ̶ļ
漴˿һߣɵģذ׵ӰԵùƧ䡣
ֻĿⶼסˣԣ˽
ת룬ϵ£˵ļ׵أԣô֪У
˼ˣپᣬӦ⡣ֻǣ֪ۣ׷ǳת˰Ϣ򣬱Щߡ
״ְס򣬽һԡ
ϰ˰չһ۳ˮָһӣˮڱҳһ
˳ڣӹһ˿΢ɲľޡѹвɫվȻȥɣ
Ӧ£תҪߣֻعͷڴʦͽյı֣Ǻûǲã
ɫ̹ȻȻܺá
ʱϲЦü䣬ס˻ΣǡʦԿ𣿡


25 Ѷ
һ˲漴һ˿ǳЦ̧֣ḧ˸ķúӣĺܺãȥɡ
һЦתˡ
ԶȥıӰЦһʧɫ˪
ָڿһ㣬һ֦һƾճ֣׹ת䣬һԶ
棬ǧ׷һˡ

صԷֱ̤Уַ䣬عϡ
̶ʦõľٶʦ϶ǿˣɽֻʦӲ
ǣҪѰʲôɣܺʦľɢأ
ķңȻ£̧ŷʹĶͷüĽ
͵ʦϲ٣ֻպʦء
ӦüɵģΪΡΪǼ޴Ļ㻶ϲѣ鲻Խرȥأ
˵ףǸ澳ķˣᡢǳΪǣͷţҲһϲĵط
ôὫĵ벻¶һˣʵ̫ˣ
Ľľδκж¹ǸߡһΣǰжˡ
һǿҵоס޵ݡ
Сҫ۵ĴڣͬΪģʦ÷Ϊ䷶
ĸҲΪ٣ⳣ˵Ӳǲġ׸ʱȣɸյسܵܣ㵫һأ
ͬҲܾܵҲӲΪЩ߷ģ˺ӹţǵĺ⣬ǡǡ֤Լ㹻ڡ
ΪܺһλãɵһѮͻƵʱĵӿĲ壬Ũҵĳޡ
ŨҵԼסˡ
ôһ˲䣬Ҫɱ˶Է
žԭЩ޵ӹˣûʲôͬ
ûа취սʤԼħԷѲ
һ̣˵ǸھǣߺϵĺΣɰ
һӿͷͺһ𣬾һʱ治壬ԼǸɱǲһе
գɬ޴ӣѡرס
ԭߴþˣѪⳤһ˺Ҳ˺
кʦõ顣
ȻˣֻԷ̻¶ԼıˡȻֵǣѻ˵ںĵ׵ĺ⾹֮ʧˣȡ֮ģѵõƽϲ
žжеص̹ȻĵͲûô¡
ʱͣһ̣ٱصҲͬļۡеţֻʦͨġ
档
лζǾ䡰ҡöءŶǵָһ٣ǲЦۡ
ԣʦ𣿾㲻ǣҲ˰ɣ
ָḧգлһ˿ڱصãɴӲԼ
ˣֻʲôõĵأ
ʦͲɣʦ֮仹׵ĺܣ˼ôҲܸԼڡ
һ룬پ죬̧ͷɫʦӦѻ˶ˮҪȥѰ˵
ĿȻƳ׹ɫʯľ½룬ֻ˲ϲæժѰԷö¾ɵӻɫ룬ҽȥ
ţʩչ֮շȥĽľԺ⴫棬ѶҪ㼴ȥǧɽһء
˵䣬Ľľߵǰһ֦һϣڴôˣȥѵʲôҪ·Ը
ü΢ָһǻ֦Ӧ飬ɢ
ɡӦһ㲻ٶԣ齣һ⣬ֱǧ׷嶥ȥ
Ľľ͵صɴ۾ȵȣղûɣǶˮϹŵģ͵Ǹƽ
ͬʱǧ׷嶥һֹ¸ҹա
ˮͥԺһĨذ׵Ӱ£ڷƮȻ¸䣬·Ҫȥ
־̧ľľΪ֮һΡ
дĳ󣬡ʦã˵Ҫ飿
־ɻعڨЦʦ㣬ɾʴˡֲǲ֪¼ͣڵδͻƣĶϣƢʱ̸꣬أ
ͷҹеĹ£̾˿ĲΪΪۣΪǣҪʮ̸֣סֻҲͻھŲƿˡ
־Ŀ¶УʦԪӤڣϵƿôͻƵģңʦ꣬ҲʮĹ򣬲ŵͻƻ𣿡
ü΢ѻ˶ʮ꣬ƿȴ˿Ҳ֪ʦͻƻʱҲδ飬Զ
־ɴ˼ǰ¾ԶҲǲˡֻԼǵãʦչǰ˾ڲᣬϽ̸ˡغ󣬺ƿʲôѾ̹Ȼˡ
߽ԣһֱ롭ǲҪʦǰ㣬ȵ飬أ


26 
־𾪣˫۶ɴˣʦ㲻һԶ֮𣿿ĪҪΪһʱ٣;
ɫһݣ˵Ĳ֣֮Դһгª֮ˣѰɡ
־ɰ˿ЩΪʦ涯أֻ龪һ
˵ЩʲôԺȻŲ죬ˡʦãȻȥɡ
־ɲδʣתȥ
沽ԺУϣʩ񣬶Էȴѻһݹ⣬ֱǧ׷塣
ɵüƺôϲҲûӶѽ
䣬ǰʵ棬ڣ˰ɣ
浱üǵģʦˡ
ѱ˵ǣʦ̶ߵ£˵ʦ÷˺֢һʱűסΪȡů
δϣȴ׿ԽڼưףƽೣָʦãܷڡЩΪʦϣ㱣ԣĪҪиˡ
Ļȴľս鲻ѣһƬæǣͽʦ̻塣
˼֣ƽձ䣬δΪʦʧһ׮Ҫ£Ҫи㡣
˴˿ȷʦҪ׷ĹҪίΡ
̧壬ɫ棬ƾʦԸ
壺Ӧ֪εںͽҹͬܣÿ꿪һΡ˴ҩȿŽаʱ䣬ʱʿĻ죬ǰǱصҩ꣬ϣ˿ҩȣҪŽȥκһˡ
ԣ͵س˹ȵס
ȷ֪εȣ˵棬ҩҲ鲼޴ΣգͽʿǰҩųĻ½룬ΪΪء
˹涨ΪֹҩɾһҽһµĲҩڡ
ֻεһأȴ̾ںͽţɱںͽҹͬƬҩȡȻҵȴعأ͵͵ǱУ˽ҩ
ʦҪȥҩȣľǽҵˡ
ⲻ⣬ڿҩȾǸվڿ죬ͽȥˣȥʦ˵ʵڴ
ƫƫ˿ĺܣ֪ҲҾܾп˵
ңһȥǰ꣬궼ԷȻԺֻǵʦˡ
ʦ⡣
ʦԵɱ㶨ԸɱҲŹȻΪ˽ֿʦá
Ǵǰ϶ѿʧ䣬ɶȴʧѿ
ѿ˴ʦʧʧ޷ռ
ȴ֪ʦ¡
ʦɫֻõͷӦ£ǣʦģҩȵ£ͽĽȷһʧ
΢΢ףãȥɡ
һߣص󣬱㰲˯ˡ˲δϵͳ½Ϣʾ
⵽ĿִֵǣƼѷ
⵽ĿִֵǣϢѽ
һ˲˵ִֵѰŵϢȥµϢȡ֮
Ŀִֵ½
Ŀִֵ
γϢлһ˿Ȼ
ȻϷװУʵϣ޵˰ɡ
ԼĻɵء
漴㿪ҳ棬˵ִֵȻ֮ǰĲκǶִ
һѮʱ㣬ɶԷһøҲӣ
廹纮̶һ㣬治Ҳ⻹ˡ
˷ء
õǣƫϲսܡ
˿ԽĮ飬պٵʱ򣬲ԽǶˣ

ɽ£֪䣬һԴаꡣν١
Ҫ֪ɽʱֻǸƽӹ˭֪һѮͻ㣬Ϊ֮Ŀ
⻹꣬δ꣬ͻŲ㡣һȵŻҪѶ٣˭ò˼顣
ƫƫʦԴ˷Ӧƽƽһź˵־ɳϣΪأ״ͽ۷硣鵤ҩԴԴϵ͵Уһ޲վļơ
͵£ȻΪŽ㣬лϲͬʱҲѹ
ɵ뵽ʼ㶥֮棬Ҳ֪ѹġ
αȥεȣ޿û۲²⣬츳õͽͽˡ
ȴ֪ȫʦǰ˿ɧʦõĺڹ
ɲΪ˲ΣҲֻǶʦ㡣
գ۷һϰ彣
;ϢʱԵʦ㣬Ƭ̣̲סʵʦ㣬ֳϽնҹ̫Щġ
۷粻⣺ʲô
ġ᲻ʹ㲻ġ
۷ȻʧЦɵʦãҵʦðôɫʦ˻ô᲻أ
ʦɫΨдͺԺ²һů
ת룬֪Ų㣬ֻ˵ŹϲĵĲмˡ
Ҿ֪ʦ۷ϣЦ
۷翴ЦݣֻĶҪˣĿһԾ˵ˣҪ彣Ľѧ𣿡
˻ᣬվãǽг۷ȥ
۷һӽɵˡ
֪彣ؽؽУǰĽСġʵģɼɡ
ͬ۷꣬Ҳͻǰ㡣Ľּڽע뽣Ӷӳ˵еĽ
ѽھŲ㣬棬ǰۣ۷Уܻӳ
۷ϲ̫ˣʦãû뵽ڽϵ츳Ҳ˳ڡȥҿɽ̲ˡ
һЦȫʦ̵úãƾԼô졣
۷һУһ滹ܷ˵ʦǫƾʣֻͻҲԶˡļζҩֻڽ֮Уεȿڼʱ϶ΪȲժҩ
ҡͷЦҿɲֹۡƿͻƣʿһأ궼ýء
˵գ̣ͦ۷Ǿ䡰겻ý뵽ʱ
һʦ㣡æɽȴˡ
۷񼫿죬ӽ񵲣δˣϵĽȴһء
ǰʣʦ㣬û°ɣ
۷ҡҡͷ޷ֻһö롣
µӦԼղǾ仰ĽᣬĺģЦʦ㣬ҪҸ߸ɫĽɣÿ춼ܻµģؾ͹Һɫؾ͹Һɫ㿴òã
۷ʱתΪϲһЦ˳ʦãô龫ֵ⣿˵Ҫϲŭ޳ǵð߸ȫϣ
תΪϲŻϲ˵ЩȤĻͻȻﴫһЦһĵҾ֪ʦɣʱལ룬ôûεȿأ


27 
δ䣬һĨӰתϴһɫ°˿
ⲻǱȥεȵ棬˭
ٿ©һ£ʱģ
ǰ͵ػعæһĨõЦݣϲʦ㣡ôʱˣ
Ȼȴδֱͣߵ۷ǰ
Цʦ㣬δĽнѽ
۷аڨȻʦ˵ЦˣҲԭ̤ʦʱҿֻһö룬ûˡ
Ჽ࣬ɫֻ续㾫µϣޱȵЦȻǳɫͫУȴ˪ѩǹ°
ȻһĿ⣬û˿καװѵѾ֪ʦǰԼ˵
ȴְסĶˮʵһöѣ˾ͻˣʵûҪͷʦԱ֯
۷΢΢һ͵ʦá
治˵꣬ؽӹͷʦҲʦñϾ״׿ԽԺҪεġΪã㲻ʱ˷Сϣ񲻵
۷ͨ죬ʦ˵Ķԣҿǲˡ
һ˿΢ɲɣ漴ЦһӶˮϽöʯĽݸȸʦðɡ
۷ӹ룬ȵʦãֻԲôáģʦԼûˣ
Цᣬʦģʦǰһöĸױ֯ľȻ¾Щпһá
˵գ㽫öӻɫȡݵعڽϡ
ⷬͬҫľٶ뵽ö벻Լּģ˶ɵˡ
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28 
ָסգ´㵲ѣΪʲôҪǻ
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һ߬סѹŭˣʲôȥ˵תҪߡ
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29 Ժ
ĽľըˣˣҸͲϲŮˣʶͬãЩͷǵ꣡
ȻţһЦû ҶʦģԼˣʲô
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Ľľһ䣬ЩԣȫؿڣԸԷǰԡ
ͬʦһģֻΪǱ޵ʦܽıģȲԸҲ벻Ҫ
Ľľ֪ʧԣ˴ȣĵԼȡ֣°գȴϷһãûͷһ㸶ۣ
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30 
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⻰˲ʱĬ

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Ŀǡϡ
СʦǰˣĽǶȣֻܿޱĲʱʱḧ˿ڵĽָ
΢һ˵ǸмǼ¶ĸоͷ
漴ֵСʦΪЦЦΪ޺˶
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BֻĬϣΪƽ˲֪ʦ㻹֪ܲΪʲô˵νȫĹͣ᣿̫ˣ
ˣ׵֮Ҳɾˡһֻҩƿţǵÿճ衣
BסҩƿһůתҪߣæСʦ㣬Ͳ𣿡
ʲôģֲϡЩҪȥɡ˵ţóһֻ׽һ£͹ˡ
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ݵҩʲôĿãЩ˽һռǵķȴþ촦ʷһʯ󻼡
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ʷҽʷж䱦ݵΪһ˿϶ȥʷž۵ġ
Ż˵ǰתۣͺԥذѹͶ
Ȼֻ͵λҪġ
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Сʦǵסʦ֣ҡţƺ˵ЩʲôĻʦҲЦеൽҪˡ
ɲǼ䣬B飬ȫˡ
һӿͷ漴ϸۣܵӿ
ԭˡԭֻ顢¡
Ҳǣʦϵƣǵϵ࣬˭ϵƲˣȥ͵ϵأ

סֱۣһ·ŶԷס
սϣµղǺþգʦ÷ֻסңҲûˡ
ԼһЦлǣıֻҪȥʦ췣ˡ
ʦҪôлңҲƫȥﰵʾԡ
ʧЦָĶͷѽĸԸ˼
˵ţɨܣ漴߬ס󣬽ӡ
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ǰǧҪõĽԭֿɵ
΢ˣϷΪֹˣαװˣҲˡ
̧ȴָᰴԼĴڻζ漴Էϣƫеͣ˫䡣
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⸱ɬ¶ģУѩ㴿ϾȻĶ
治ʦ÷źԥõյĻ档
棬Ĳ̣ìܽ֯һ־ĶǵױܹصĿ
ҪҪȫմȾԼϢҪĺսԼٿء
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31 Դ
˲ǰ壬硣
㣬鷳ôҲһ
մţͷس˽Χ´
漴ظһûãû¡ȻҶҪǽԲ˶ߣ
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ҲǵĽ㰡ͣһ룬һɨŵʱʵʵذԴȥǣ´βˡ
ǰһЦʦ㣬Ҳǵ㣬ŽЩпԭ
ͷдίǾǣΪ˭ѽȻ顣
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֪һеѯ磬ôˣ㲻Ӧôܵεˣ
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ָסķҷûס㣬ҪΣ
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ͬʱѾڡ
ûлɽǾֱȥŵľߵǰƹܴ˴ĳżˣΧһӹ
ӹ˫ֱͷڵϣȲҲȭϡ
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ΪӰԼѣΨһεˡ
ֱȥ࣬ԷϴŪŷ֣ǵʶһʼǸԡ
Ӱºɱ飬ŰɱĥΪ֡ͬʱҲϲŮŹ
ħ̵ǶӣڴԷԽǲԽУӰԽ˷ܡ
ۼѱİŤ˷ŭֲħĶ֣أ򲻹أˬأֶԲԼܵ衣
ʱֻӰǸ̬ڣôˣЩԷˡ
ΪӰͣѾΪ˱ҪŤı̬
ӰҪɱ˲ܻ궯أҪôܻеĳޣ
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Էһ½Ҷǰһںڵĳ裬װΣ࣬Ӧŵʿ
ֻԷŽ͵ʦѾͷɻ͵͵ԶҲ΢䣬û۸˰
ӰĪ꣬ʿɣ
޲Щڼĵء
һ£ʵԽУΪûκ𣬼ֱαŻ
˵ɱ飬ôЩɱ˲Ѫĵޣҵˣ
ߵǰ΢΢ʣ˵͵˳Ķ
ӰᷳؿһֻۣǶˡ
δ䣬ͻȻžһ죬Ͼһ⣬һ⡣
ӰֱӴסʿȻ
׻һ˿ζе˼
Ӧ°ͱ㱻ָһȴٿرƽΣգڣ֪𣿡


32 
Ӱ΢ңеһ˿˷ܡ
˶˵ȻҪԶдôֱ׳ط
ڴţһ۶Ҷ죬ʿ϶˵һ⡣
ȻԷȴջ֣е˷˲䱻ʧȡ
ֻʿѾͷȷӣ͵ҶʦҪԽ̽ʲôǷǶԴ
һæӦ¡
Ӱȴһ͵ȥð
ڶһʱ䣬δϻľϲʵȤ
к޲̱ȥʿĶ衣
ϧʿԸˣδһۡŶԷıӰ׷ȥԶֱʧҲûգۡ
˲δע⵽Ӱ⸱˻ӣʣλʦ˭ôûż
һǻǵ˭
˭
ǿİͽʦ
Ӱ΢˴أȻǰͽ
ס֡
ȴҲȲѣȻλ˵˸һƢʮʮ飡ⲻŻûأͰʦҵεȥˣ
µԴ˵ôҪˣ
ʱԼͬӰһͬ飬˹ǲˣ
Ŀ⣬ӰֻöġԭΪǸڣû뵽ЩڼһαȤ
Ǹģô˼һ뵽Ҫָⶼʼ
ȴ֪ʱ˿̣źһ顣
һ뵽ǰĳԼУܲأ
Ҫ֪Ӱħ֮ǧħҲҪʲôʲôġҪŮ裬˭أ
鱩꣬ײѪЩǣĸ
ˣӰı̬ôδõ㡣Ƕڵʱ䣬ΪʧȥħĹ⻷˵ɳ˹裬Ӳ֣Ӧͦܵġ
ȻˣղҷϵľˣնûӹӰɱ
ԼҲ⡣
̫ӰϵõʲôˣԽҪԽǲĥ
Ӱ˿ڴ̶ܱԴɣԸġ
ܵŰɣҪӰԼϵʹ࣬ȫ
˼䣬ɽѵˡ
ҶԾ£̤Ĳ߽ԺУȴڿԺ龰ʱһ١
ԺһϤİɫӰԷĽŲڣȥ˺δ
˵꣬ת˪ϣһ˫Ŀ
˲佩ԭأֻѪҺ

ҴڣӢ뿪ӻ֣Ƕɢˡ
뿪ŲӢǰղǸ̫ɤ˭ſҲ̫Ƿˡ
ӢһۣݵúԣӣǰĵһˡΪڽ𵤣ǵеǰ취ǽٲ
ӣԹԱ죬ĬһᣬְѻͷתԼ
ҵأ¾ôˣ
ѾѵʷңҪ
⼱ڰǰôĳ󣬻ͽʿһ⣬˳𲻱ҡĲΪˣ
ӢɫͣҲ㴳ȣˣ˵ħǱڣǰԭжλ𵤾ʧ٣ϼѲ顣ʱʵ㣬ٸ¡
ⷭ˸ۣʲôħ޵£Ҫ
мغһ˵˵ȥ㲻ڣҶǶ£Уүүȥ
Ӣɫͨ죬㡪
δ䣬һȰȻզˣ˭۸ұˣ
̧ͷһֻһ˴ӵͨ߳ʮӣպ˫Ŀֻ¶ĺͰ飬͸䲻Ĳɣ
ϲȥһѽ˱סүү漴ԼεܵίͼӴ׵˵һ
ĪЦͷģүүһڶ
⻶ϲѣתͷ˽ӢһۡӢջ𣬡㲻ôħ뾳ɲͻʱ򡣡
ĪԾŽԴǾ۸ҵıӣӢʱ˵Сˣ
Ӣ΢΢һ漴ƷĪ֮⣬Ǵڶ𣿡
Ī̾˿ֺγΪأֻһɽվݶʼղҽұӻΪεأ˫Ͳ֪ٷ
ӢЩǶϵţĸǶռһɽʤأƫƫǽңΪ֮ףҪȺŮƽֽԴ˵ȥЦ
Ī۾⵹Σֻ˼޹Ϊ˴˵صİΪİգҲֻλھ뿪ˡ
Ӣǻмĵģ
ĪչЦЦҵЩ㵽ͱ֪֣ȥҵ޵֮˼ԪΪס
ǡӢֵ
Īڰ֣֪½СģҲΪ˽룬»ܼƻ
ӢĥҪγڣԣھһԶԸɱ˱㲻Ϊˡ
˵ţֳֻǣҪһλԪӤܣʵ¡ο峣ڣʿڶ࣬ɲ֡
Ī²Ǿһõʱٹ£εȿš˵յͽŮҪضԴ˽ȣѰҩ
˼ǣ
Ѱħ޵½ȥ㼴Ǳεȣҩߣֻһնڸ·󣬱ˣ
ߣγ岻أ
һǽҵ£ұؽǧ࣡

һߣŰһ
ʦôԺУô
ת˲ͻָ侲ɫشʦȥεȿʦ㣬һͺˣ˹Сһ͸ϻˣջȥأ
ɣȴá
Ļԣ˵滰˵ȫ滰
ʱ䣬ͰദʮԶǰΪ׽ƽֵʮ־ʦ𣬴ӲΥʦ⡣
岻ʳ˼̻¶ƿڶǰȡȡȡЩ¶ˮռףɲ裬ƵҩǼѵġ
ֻǰĺ⣬ҲûбֵöУʱģѵüһЦ
ΨΪͻʱܼչգҲǵģ꼻һ֣Բ񣬱Թȥˡ
ȴҲʧ䣬¼꣬ԣôΪӣ
ڣܴӰü۽Ǽ䣬ϸ΢仯ˡ
˿̣΢̧Ͽƺޱ仯ʵȴѻһ˿ԲĲ
ھȡ
Ȼ漴꣬δȥεȣΪͻȻȥʦ㣿
ͷʣʦô֪ûȥʦأ
һ£ΪʦƲ⣬ҹ̷Ȼûʱȥʦ㡣
˵ѡ
ǳǳһЦһΪʦҹģͽָء
һֲۣʲôΪʦΪҪն㲻ţ
Ц⵭ȥΪʧ䣬ԭʦУͽЩ
ۼۿֻҪޣ׷ʣƲȥˣƽ޹ʸʲôߵͣ˵ɵ
ͽŲɵ淸ɵҲΪʦ
ôôպƴȣΪʦǲֵĺã˱ԣٹֵͷϡ
Ҳδ뵽侲Գֵİ徹ȤˣһЦʦҵſɣͽɲ䡣
崽ǲײ΢ʤ޹ؽҪΪͺá
²ΪȻʤô޹ؽҪأ
޹ؽҪֺαư񣬻׽Ž٣
ư־Ҫڵһλ
ɲ֪ĺͽ˴ģʦλаףȱϯȡεȵİ죬ȥɡ
Ӧ£ǡ
ֱĿͰ뿪ŵĲų׷
һϾô£Щ˳ԲҰ岢δɡ
صУȷ˴ţٳϵͳ鿴
<Ŀ>

壺
䣺[δ֪]
[δ֪]
磺[δ֪]
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹[δ֪]
ͨ[δ֪]
ֵǰУԭŽǵĺø
һĨĻȣΪԷıأû뵽ݼ˾տһҲܱݳʮ
˵ʧ䣬ȻǼٵġ
ļƻȹ棬Ȼƴϣҵġ콣
ƴֻʱ䣬Ų㲻˵Ҳûл㹻ִֵ޷ľ
΢Ц⽥䣬ˣݹĺˡ

½꣬緽ȥʱ
˿̣ҳһš
˾ɾϰͨɫ࣬ŭȣ취ôĲأ˭ܣһ֪͵űѺն̨Ƥɣ
ɾǸɫҰףˢˢڵء
ϰͨüĽ壬ŭҪξȣ̫ӵдµģȴѾŮˣ
ûпܡǽ磬ɱ̫ӵĻȻأһɹٲ
ϻǽȥһҪ취ֻ޽ɣ˴˽ҲҪܷѹƣΪȫʧҲᱻȫӡ˵һؽ̫ӵĻˣֻԼá
ɹһ֣̿Ĭãګګǡܲȡ˵ݣת
УǿռݱػմȾ꣬⵽ų⣬ʮ취ǿУͰӽȥˣõң
ɹٽŵ˿ڿˮǡЩõأ
ϰͨüͷȻһɣǸõˣδȴ壬Դ˷תͲᱻų⣬õĻϾȽ̫ˡ
Ҳֻ취еͨˣһؽ̫ӵĻǣۼҲҪǵ
ǡ÷ĸ֮أ
ϰͨתڴ롢ɢҫĿ飬һӣҳط漴ͣסһнɫֳּ
ˣոձŵʷңϲС
ܺãҲ
ϰͨһ˿ݣȻ˵ĺá

˽Ӱ͹ʱվڴǰֽŴ׳
˲仯һ֧֦ȸεȵķȥ
ʦˣѾͷܽˣأҪҪȫƾ䣡
̧ȴӰԼ˫ڵУɫ˸ڴĹâ
㲻
ȥӰǰ䴽ǳЦʣʲô֣
ӰһйâȥӲû֣ǶҰ󡣡
ֲҸ㻻ͽС΢٣źЦͽɣΣ
ӰӰ䣬ЩΪ˿ݡ
ͣ첻
Ӱüô£ھǹ׺ݾأôھ˿Ȥ
Ҫȡε࣬йӹģƫϲаֶʹо
˳Цȴ֪˾ռԼĵǳ޴
ֻЩòȻƣϲԵıӣйЩڵĶɣֻе˷ս
ȻȴƿϵĲԵ󹤣͵ʳǷڹ档ҽձʩСͣϣú÷ʡĪҪٷ
ҪʲôӰβ
δش𣬶תݣӰ͸ֻϷʲôͷһѵҽô
뵽ڼϵʹһص˷ܴĵӿ
ӰЦ䣬ɣժαߣҿԺ޻ۣ֮㽫ʹݳͷȨ
ûܾܾȨĹƻǴӵײȥˣһƣ㿪ʼ޼ɵߡ
ҲŮ
ȴԺУ˫ֱһЦסҴɨͥԺϴ
߿ڿ˵ҪնϳԵҪź򣿲۵Ϸ⡣
ǣʦˡ˳Ӧ£ڴصŽĳͷ
ִóŵĲǽߣһżҳĸĴ֡
Ӱֻͷһˮ顣
㲻Ҫ𣿡
ǰҪ㳭дȰƵĹżʮű顣
Цеؿһ޹
ȰƣӰ⻰ͷģʲôãƱ۰ʦˡ
ԾЦţģڣû۸㡣Ӱתݡ
Ӱ̧סյķţ𺡣
ʥƵô뿴Ϯؾĳ֮£ŵľǸɾۻꡣ
延ʢ
̫ӰˣǸ侲ķӣóȥƶ뷨¡
Ҳһ̣Ӱۣһ̣ᱩһвһ֮䡣
ǰ̫Ϊˡ
Ƕ꣬ҲԼڶԷеķɶ˻㣬ħһ΢ꡣ
һٴӰˡҪģʦˣڵء̧ͷӵ
׾٣ƿ

γ߽ԺӣӰɨ㣬ɨҶ
΢ͥԺžΨɨɨɳɳ졣
ӰתЦʦˣĺ簡
Ҳ磬鶼𣿡
Ҳʶ֣ô㻹Ǵһٰɡ
ЦɣʶҲҿԽ㡣
Ӱ΢飬˾װģģһ͵ۣбҪ̶ֳ
ڣе˹ɨһͽȥˡ
ԣͱˣûء
ǡʱ⴫۷ʦãյѶôʦҪҵȥһ˵Ҫء
۷⣬ǳЦʣʦҪͬһ˽ȥô
Ȼѽ
ķܴ㳵ΪʲôҪԼߣ
ӦӰ߽һ˺Сʦ㣬һȥһɣҺġ
źȻֵ磬ɫݣƺƶߡ
ȥ۷磬ȴУǽŶڴ
ɵüͷôƫƫɣ粻ײһˡ
Ҫôѡأ


33 ѡ
۷ǰʱһšʱΪʵã˵˼䣬뿪ˣȥȴʮְûڡ
ʦ𣬱һֱᶨѡȴΪĵ׵ԱŴνǱơ
ʦһʼǲϲ棬һӰ̬֯ܣѱʦòת⣬洦ãˣ½
ô񲻾Ըִٳһ
ʲôûˣʦҲҪȥ̫ɱô
ֽµһˣ¶ãҲǶӰˣֻ»øɣ
ţ۷ʹѡ
֪䣬޷ʱ⣬ûʦڲˡ
ҹ۷ʦðԵҹڶԷǰδûȻ
ʦãҹδ顣
۷粢δڵֻʦþʲôȥˣ
շת࣬ҹߡ
ձȥѰˣȴֱʦȥ˽ãæҹ顣ʦϢֻǾվ£ԺǽƬ̣漴Ȼתȥ˯¡
ֱ磬Ϊܺʦ𻰣ӵѶϢ㼴̹ͬȥһϲ˵һ䣬㱻ˡ
ҵǣʦÿ϶ѡġ
ʹ¶ΪѡʦȴС
䣬ǳϦദʦòֹ˵һϲֹһΪ³˵Ҫ߸롣
ôܲѡԼ
ʦ㡣ߵǰ
ɣʦϲ档۷紽΢ͶȥһƳ
ʦ㣬ĺͬȥʦ㷽ŻڣʦңҪƴȵ£ҾһɡĿ¶Ǹ⡣
۷ϵЦǣηӦ
ֱ缥ڽڶ𣬡ǣ°ܽʶĻ͹Զ㣬ûȤ
عȴ̤ķɽӿնȥ޷ӦЦһ󣬸
۷ʧǵվԭأ˫ָֽ߬Ƕģȴʹ⡣
⣬Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôȫ棡
Ϊ˱ԣΪ΢ĩֻΪ׾ӡΪã
۷ۣؽҧ
ǰһȵ棿ϵֽڴʲôأ
۷磬ǿɱ
˿̣ڽϵڻֱ۽ס
ӭ紵ƷȥĳůڵĹ⡣۾󻳱ȥһöԷ§ø
û
棬رҡҡϲҡռҰɡ
ΨˣҽһȫջأĿ֮澡ʧʱܳǵᵽǰҵʹ࣡

ǵһʱĽľѵǰˡ
ϴεԺ˳ЧĽľ沢û䳰ȷ
һ̤ֵվˣѹѹһƬͷȴž
ɵ÷һȦ岻ڣǰվŵ־ɡ۷羹Ҳһˣ
һ˾ע⵽ˡ
վǰ־ɼԼӰͽȻתΪºͣЦ֡
ǰ
־ɸ׺ļĿ¶ͣ漴ɫָȻص˵ͷ
ٸвޣȴһסˣֻɫƽеĻϲȴˣɫѱ档
һ޿κΣӲҪʲô취
ֻܹ֪һ棬˵Ҳվˡ
־ɼѵ룬ڵˣ֪ħжʵڴǰԭرн𵤾ʿʧ٣ˣʬѱħ޲кˡˣӼͽ಻ɵжߣϽͬУ𣿡
ħޣ
˶ħ޶ֻδˣ֪֮ٴУ˾СģɵһݣӦǡ
Ψ⵭ȻϾԴħޣ˿ΪɨͥԺء
һֱ޿̣ϣ׻˵ֻǧûǧշġҵ֮ˣӦΪħ޵ţµĶﲻȥ񲻽Цѵڵʵܽ⺦˵ħץɱô
һ䣬˾Աɫʹб⣬Ҳõϣⲻǹ
۷üͷղżԼײʦδҲ̫Щ
־ɫһںǳ⣬⴫һЦ˵úã̶֮ᡣ
̧ͷһֻ˵ĽӾֱ̤ڣŶʮλźɫ۵ųУڵվˣѹء
ǰǽԼңڵˣ־ЦϣҲ̫ҪҺħ޾ֺŶͷڹأ
־ɫ࣬ݣҲҵ
־ɸɫƣţ񣬼Ц˵ɣΪôʿȴħ޵ӰӶûţҪҰæأѵպյĽЩô
䣬־ϵŭ˲תƵӵϡ
ӷ־һǳǰ˵ķ𣿻£
ҲҪ˵ȴһקסȥȺ󷽡
˰ȱܾƾеܰƽһУⲻ֪Ϊ˸ĴۣпԼܵǵͣŻλı£λԽߣҲԽĵ־˵ţЦӡ˵ǲǣ
ɫһ浱ָɣ𣿿޻
ȷʵȽҲԶˣѹô꣬ҲֻҴתմȥֻºܿҪŴ˰ɣ
ɨˣѰڶվλʿͲȴŲ㣬ɵһ
λؾǹյĸͽɣȻ㣬аѱƽҵ˵ȫΪһоıһǧ֪ɷһأ
־΢飬˵ΪҪŲߣԭûõô¾Фˣ
˵ЦˣҲ֪˭ԶﴫڲûȱҲû취ƾոһ
ͻȻЦ˼ҵȻ֪ҥȱôأ
־ԣδиΪ䲻ߣȴṷơΪǸëÿһҪܣôݡ
£׷ħҪ֪ˣпܵĲ֮ԣƫƧһԴΪȫұԹڽг飡
־ɫҪѲĻΪղ᣿ʱֻѲǼ٣ѹηİɡ
ĵѲԣֻڽΪŮޣڣ֪Ѳħޣ֪ĻΪȫЩ֮ͽء
ɫ΢䣬𣬵˼˴ڵĵ̣һĨЦ⻰ˡĳһ¹죬ֵµҲװ׵ģŲѣѵѲħ޲ɣ
־޿̣ŭӣѪˣ˵Ѳħޣó֤ݡϵҵĽϲã
˵ţһ貽ƾճ֣ɭȻ˲ڵڵƱˡ
޼״㵲ѣƲӵΪҲ֪ˣǿ׵ģɵһ
ӽһ׹¶׷
վĿŷɵǰĽ⣬һЦҪԣ
־ҪԣͱˣҪԣ
ϼȲΪУʶѽҽվͰѻ⣬Ѷˣ϶־ɲҶ֣ӭŽǰ̤һ̧Ⱥһָʹסʼѣ
־˳ָķȥָֻסˣΪصʦ
ŭѣӼֱݶˣ϶ǿžܽ٣Ҫȴ֡
ҪȻЦð
л˵
ʵʦ㱾ûϷġ
ǣȻ˳ԣ߹ϾʦϷ
Ծɣֻ˾ߣû[èͷ][èͷ]
[С糡]
죬ײ˲磬۷硭
۷磺ʦãΪҪ桱
Ϊ
۷ĬƬ̣ʲôҡ


34 ˽̸
־ɳһôƫʱɵ
Цſڣԭڻˡ 
棬֮׽ħޣǵȻʦͬסԷ԰ӿɴˣסźöҵĽ㣬ҵλ㣬ĽݼҵĽ㡭ڡҪѣɵϸЩȻǿѲħ޵ٴظԵļȥֻ¸峤Ҫŭء
ҡĽݼҡɶλоŴڵĴ壬ʵǳ
ϵЦ˲ʱϡ
ڽãɲˣѲԷֻպƱػᱻ鷳òʧ
һشߴٵôǲʶȥԷ·ôҿԴȥѽ
Ҳʱǰ㵱϶ħ޾Ǳ֮ڣѲ֮ǿɵ𡣡
Ӷ˷֪٣ô֪ܲҵλš
ֻңǲµģɶ֣˼ɡ
һЦˣҺγ˵Ѳħأ
־֮⣬˳𽣹⣬Ȼħ޼󣬱Իᾡ׽áһѲ飬Ͳ鷳ˡ
ԭҲ̵ֻôײӲ磬вҲֻʱȴŴ˻¿˵ǣҵѲ飬ȷ㣬͹ˡ
˵գһ䣬תߡֻǴǰʱŲ΢٣ݺݵصһۣӼסˣ
漴첽˴ų룬ת˲䣬ߵĸɸɾһʣ
׷京Ц⣬ȴһƬ䡣
Ҳסˣ֣
־ɼδһһӣЦ棬ߵǰϲס֣˷Ӧ䣬δڵʦȻûпˣſǺˣ
һһԵĽľԱɫ
Ľľķʢк޺޲ѣǽĽݼҺҵͷôӣ־ֻȴĹֲֻᣬδҲ̫ƫģ
ڣȴЦʦãҲҶ칦ͣ˷ûʦҴϣǻԹ뿪
ĽľɫԻ÷ִ磬˵շĻҲǼٵġ
Ȼ־ȴû棬Цſ㵹ǫѷʿ㣬ҺʦҲͰˡ
漴תȥ۷磬Ѳħ޵ˡ
ȥҲ֪˻ʲô飬֪ǵֱۣǳЦʦ㣬ĺգҺңסˣ治֪Ҫճء
Цݣ˲ʱɢ١
ϾҵˣҪϽȷǼ׵¡ʦվߣʦȣټкأѵţˮǿͷ
ȣֻҪưףͲ϶࿴
Ѷٶǣӵ˼Ϊ֮һŷյüԲϵĺë䣬ͷһ
ʳָıǼ⣬Цʣ˵˵ʱԷͬӵģ
СС˵ٻƭ˵
ˣǼɤپŹУЦ漴־óЦ˲ŮΪʱЦݡ
Ҿ֪ʦûǸСƭӡɵøϽͬסɱǹǾ¶ˣ
Ųһء
ͬסʣħǱҵΣգʹߣʦ㱣㣬ô
յʲôҿǲ⣬ҲŲҪ
˳ס󣬼˫糺죬鶯һƬΣδ֮ͥ£Ҷֻǿ԰סָȴʶĦŶԷȵġ
һԵĽľ˹ȻΣƤˣֱۣˬ֮Ա
缰ʱ߹֮Χƣ㣬Ѿ̷ʡˣ֤Ժ˵ˣ
Цӣüɿ֣˵䣬۷˹
ֻʦԸѲжһҲ©ɽֻҶ˾סʦãտƼʲôֵˣ
ɫ̹ȻδƼʲôˣҿħǱ£˵˽ⷢӣǡ˵ڽ䱸ɭȻħôǱ룿
۷׵˵Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ýȥѲˡ
šЦݹɣ۾
۷룬Ҳ뵽ɶµʦãὫħԼĶС
۷绹Ϊ糿ģۼʦͬվһЦɣ··ӣʹ첻ٶԣȻת뿪
㱻סȵȣʦ㣬һмҪ˵
۷ͷʲô
ֹһˣߵǰѹȥû˵ĵط˵ɡ
۷΢΢ѵҪͬϵʦйȻģ
˼֣ãȥڵ㡣ת߽ͨ
ҪȥĽľʲôҲã
Ųһ٣תͷƳ۶ԷȻҲǾãᵽԷסҲֻµʦ᲻ģ˽顣
ĽľһͣǰͬΣ⻭͸ˣ
浹ǻϲĺܣҪͬס
ȻһЦǰʦ㱣˵ţߣ˫һ˲˲棬ǲֿƬ̹
汻΢΢̣ȴ޷ƿĿ⣬ѣ쿴·Сײˡ
ͨǰתɾڼڵʱֻعͷ
ľ㣬ɲ͵Ŷ
Ľľ˲
͵˵͵ˣ

ڵ۷Եǰ
֪ʦҪԼ˵Щʲôз顣һҪ棬㷲һʦԼ˽̸Ȼϲ
ûʧ䣬ȻʶԼʦõ˼ѱòٵ
ִϵͽӦڹˣôܶʦöأ
ǣʦԶԼߣﶼֻԼһ׽Լ
ԺеͷԽԽֱ֣æסͷһĨԳЦ
۷磬ǿɱ
ǡʱһ˫ִס۾漴һϤЦ𣬡²˭
۷һ㶣ӻδӦʶ̧ץסԷ֣ʦá
תȥȻ
Цʦôһ¾֪ҡ
۷ޱԼҹô
ֽŴϣ߽ڵսˣʦ㣬һҪ㣬ǧҪұܡ
۷ֻԷȵĺڼϣͷһ̶ԴʼΣ˿Ī˵ҪܣҪҲԥ
ã˵ʦӦ㡣
ȴһݵı飬ʦ㣬ܾʦҡ֡
֣
ǡʦʦõ𣿡
۷üôܣʲô𣿡
ߺʦȥεȣУͱңҵӲҪͬ˯һŴϣ˵ʲôֻҪҹԹĻͻһֱҺá
˵ţ͵ȥɫͨ졣
۷ţգô˶㣿һ浱˼ơߣҴȥʦ𣬾ί
ס֣Ҫǡʱ⴫˵һ졣
۷ͷһѵ͵
ǰ鿴ͻȻ֣סһɵҶϮ۷Ǳʩ䣬˲佩סá


35 Ҵ
ȥʦײδʲôֵ£Լﲻ¡Ҳʦֻʾ׽ûʲô˼
ͷ۷ǰ۷ĽǶȣֻܿںڵķ΢΢ŵļ
۷۲ѣ̧ḧļ米Ļ⣬ЩٶԽˡֻҪòǾҪǸ
ȴ֪˿̣İοЦ⣬̵ʮࡣ
߬ס۷䣬ŬǰЩ£ǿѹЦ⣬ٶ硣
̧ͷһм۷磬ʦ㣬ãҲû֤ݣʦţֻҲϣԡ
Ծôˣ۷Ȼһ
ԣõ֤ݡһһ̽ʦ㣬ΪҪôǰʹ¶Ի϶Ļ죬ұͬȥϣڣȻ޴ӵֻᣬ˴˽˵Ҳԩ˰
˵ţĿƳſڣûпѹĽľ϶˰ɣ
ûǰĽľ˵Ǿ仰ΪľǼ͵
Ϊβ棿ڼֱȻˣĽľΪЩֺα͵ȱɹأ
ʵӵõŵеһλõһѼƻҪöԷ֪һжƵƭ֡
ֻڷִ־ıԶԶˣΪβˣҲһٵأ
ˣȻĽľˡ
ɵ棬ĽľһͬħץߣȾ˭治˼ظȾĽľ
˲ѣʡǱץ˻أ
شȾ磬Ĵ룬ϾãƫƫشĽľ
ⲻζĽľŵһλ𣿶ŲϺŰɡ
ʱ˵꣬ƺǿĴ㵣ֽ˵ΪĽľϲùʵȲ磬ҪȾ
˲԰׶ĽͣôܺƭأǿװЦ⣬ȴһۡ
ֻúЦôʳô޴⣿
Ҳ˵ûпȡ֪֮ˣԶֳģĽľ
ԶԷ˵ʲôҪڵһλĻ͵ˣĻͺܿЦˡ
ϲԼҲ޿ĽľΪǺѵĹϵҲǻĵˣǹӰĹ
վĹ⣬ţҫ۶ĿĽľվڰӰ̱ᡣ
ȴ֪ǰߵĲȾ˳ȫкΪ۹治˵ĽľΪ˵治İ£ĽľΪ
ǳһͬĿһ£εذһӰ޹ӰӰ޹⣬ˣأ
ϧǰ׵̫ˡ
һΣһжıˡ׸ĸ򣬶αװˡ
ٿزƻһУ̬ҲԤϵǰ㷢չֺ
˿̣µ˲䣬ǵϤϢȻȥ
ǳЦȴһƬ䡣
棬Һ֮䣬ѡң⵱Ȼܺá
ҺĽľ֮䣬ֻѡ˭أ
⽫Ҹһλᣬѡ˵Ļȴġ
ٲŶ

⣬Ľľɫࡣ
棬ĺʦãȴڱҥ㣡
ֱĻδµˡ
Ľľתߣͨƿᣣ淽վĵطȥ
Ҫһȫ棬֪ԼƭԼεʦһձɵСˡ
أȥˣĽľŵʿȴΨǵӰĴ
øǰ棬һƻ˵Щ˵Ļõν֤ݣһоͶˣ
ʱȻƳתбοһʵĹΡ
档
Ľľȥ棬Ҹ˵ǧҪǸ
û˵꣬һЦѹĻͷľ㣬ҾǸʲôѽ
ĽľŲһ٣ɫѿعͷȥȴЦӯӯ߹޹ľ㣬ô˵ʲôҲ𣿡
ĽľҧгݣʲôԼֻҪڣóѣ
Цü䣬Բ¶ѣľĻôأ
ĽľǸٵЦݣ֪Ц²ŵնģ񺮡
Ů˵£
ڣһԴľ㲻ǴʹңҪʦúúദ𣿡
ĽľѣⶼΪ˭
תͷ棬죬Ҫڵͬ۷˵Ļ˵ȫɻߣۼʿڶֻ࣬µֿѿְֻѻ˻ȥ
ΪҶû˵ʲôأҪҲ»ˣ
һΣľ֪Ҳ˼εˣҲϣܺദ
Ŀ漴תƵϣͬʦ˵ҪᵽԷôͬ⣿
ȻһЦʲôͬģֻǽ¶࣬ȴȹٰȥˡ
Ľľ˿ֻ뽫ֿ𻰣ȥˣ˵Ҫһ׼Ĵô
ʵļУ֪Ĺ磬ɵ΢ü⣬ĽľʲôͻȻ
֪죬ֻǰϸʣֻ˵Լ֢δҪȥϢұˡ
ǾȥɡĽľ˵ҧء
ĿɨѾȲ뿴֪Ů˵նĺδˡ
Ȼ˼ټһϴӲиǵͷӦ¡
תᣬʦҪȻɽȥ̷
ҡҡͷǵṴסָʦ㣬һȥ뿴ʦ轣
ϵЦ̣˲仯һ̲ˮ˲佫ŵ˼֮Ժ󣬴Ӧ
ʦ̹ʿɰˣĻʲô˼أ
ȴδע⣬Ӧʵ˲䣬ĽľȻܲѹŭ𣬷·ɽ
ʱһеһƬյǰΧͦʮͩϽƵҶյ
Ľľۼˣָ̧ڵͬ۷˵ĻҪڸ㸴һ𣿡
ãȻľ㣬⻰ʲô˼ѵ͵𣿡
΢üͷľ͵ʦ˵أĿȻǲ˵ȥ
ĽľȴҲͲס
ǰǵɵˣƫƫ滹һ浱Է޹ߵ˭֪ˡ
һߺޣ֪֪۷˵ͼı죬ƭϣִǰݺݸһ״
Ѫɫʣޱ𾪵
л˵
ʦҪŰˡȻֵʦˡٺ١


36 
ȴɫݣһĨǳЦޱҴľš
ѵʲô᣿
涨˶Ľľʦãˡ
ĽľֱҪ棬ʮĽ飬㾹Ȼңɱˣлְصİѱһƻóѣﲢڽ֮أ
鶯ҡĽľʶʮ꣬񣬵ȷûƭ
ҲԸȥԼİ
Σվ̲סڣľ˵𣿡
ʸڷϣȻǣʦôãҸмô͵͵ʦ״أ
̶ۿһ죬ؿĽľľ㣬Ҿε㣬Ҫңﲻʹ죬ҿǸֻٸʦ˵ҵĻˣô
Ľľ˲ʱƿԣ㡢㡪
ס֣տʦ㣬ǻԷȥòãˣҲľִƽΪѡ
̾˿ʦԼٻģĺ
ʣĽľȻһֱţ淴Ӧ죬һӣһ⼲һ㱻÷顣
Ľľನŵ̧ۣȴ󣬳һЦ
˶ըˣ棬յңΪǻۣ츳׿һһɾʹҵ˭֪㾹СѾͷϣǷǲ֣ҿˣ
һΪѣľ侲Щأ
Ľľάŭʱˣ
ĽľĽľʶΪȡΣ߾ȫĶ긶Ȳļǻʲô˵أ
ԳһЦ漴һָΪޱһƳϡ
ãҪǱԸӴ˿ǺǻǻĽľ޹ء
ϵ˿žĻȻƮڵأīķ˿УɫעĿ
־ɵͷһʶǰһľ
Ľľȴתȥ
ľҪڣħ޳ûһ˺Σգ
ȻϵĽľδͷת˲ûӰ
£ٳɽҪ׷ȥȻ֣ץס
ʦ㣬ĻҪô׿˵ҷһλ˭Ȳҵġ
˵ʹļ٣ȴס֣ʦãôܻ㡢أֻľ˿̸ȥҵ£ȻɽԹԵһòã
ۿٿһ죬ƭˣˡҷڵһλ˿̾Ͳȥ׷
͵˦֣ȥãȥɣȥ˾ͱң
΢΢ı磬βѣγʦӵ뻳Уŵᶪչ¶Цա
Ľľ뿪ǰǷڶʧ룬治֪˭ˡ
׷Ľľʸס
ʦãԲ𡣡˵⻰𽣹⣬Ľľ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
Ҳˣδ뿪תû˿ģһĨǳЦ
ֻЦⲢδ۵ףް
浱Ȼȥ׷ĽľⱾƻ֮е顣
ϧҲĽľˡ
Ц⵭ȥĴѶ
࣬Ҫҽһˡ

ҹɽѰ
ţһᣬڴ˭
洹ʦãҡ
ڵ㲻ȥľʦʲô
䣬ûҵһ֮£ĽݼˡȰŴ򿪣òã
ĹĵģãǸƭӣҲٿ㡣
ħޣܲۼľ뿪Ӳô
ȾҲǾȥĽľȥҪվҶǰ
˿ᣬƴȽǰȴΪ˵ȫû취׼һĽľӰһʦöüԣм䣬ֺⷽƱػǷҲˡ
ˣҲľȺǰλɡ
ƣüģʦã˴ҲãӦδӦõġ㲻ҪᣬҺľֻֿѣΨǡ
һ룬Ȼͣס
׷ʣʲô
ûڵҧס´ôˣЩﻰѿ˵ŵҪӦľ˵֮ˣ
ңۼòΪһԶˣ
ʹϲҪðŴڹΣ̸˵Ҳļ
µôˣϸֺöԷ
ֱԸʶ䣬ƽûԼݣЩ΢ͽк죿
˵δʲôΪҪǸĽƢ洦գ֪ˡ
˼ˣɫûʲôһ׼ȵ£ˡ
δ䣬һɵôˣʦվʦõĶǰʲô
תͷȴ۷վڲԶһؿͷ·Ǹħޣв֮һ㡣
֣ΪζģòҲɣ
׻һĨ΢ɲļڽ°ܽʲôʸ
ȴһĨǳЦʦ˼仰Ҫ뿪ء۷練Ӧųɽ𣬾ֱɽ·ȥ
۷ıӰüͷݺ
֪֪治֪ģû뵽ʦñֱﾹʦ˾ݣҹ˶ǰδҲ̫ˣ
վ£ԶԶŽյԺţʱĿ飬ɵ̾һ
ʦþ̫Ż۸
۷д⣬ȴ˴δȽٲ֪ʹǵʦò죬ҲҪ¸ʦ𣬰Ź洦ã

ͬʱһҲĿġݡ
ǱԺʯ߳Ӱ
֧ãվǱߵ˵ǹһĨЦ⡣
Ȼⰲ
ֻʿת¹к£ԲһƵɴɫ񾲵ȻԤе
ӰЦе˼
λ˳ܣôǰһ̻Ĺĵģһ̾޶أ
ĸͽȰƵʦʦáһĿأ
͵Ҫ㳭ֳûСһְֻϣǰֽ
Ӱһָֽϣ˵ˣҲд֡ë˳һ˦ī֭ɽ˦һ
ס΢΢Ĵǣϲؿ
£ܸ̲סҪ˰ɣ


37 
Ȼδ
֪Ӱ޷뼤ԼʩŹԴ֤϶Աӡ
Ӱ⡣ʱȴ߸ϵظһУΪ˷ܵ­ڸߡ
ִֻ̼һʼãظʱһãֹʰ㣬벻ϼؼѸʧȥá
һԷŹ޷ΪµĿ졣УͻԥؽɱȥѰµĿꡣ
ǰʱ㿴͸˿ֲƤ£Ťģʹôһ˲ĶҲ׽֮¡
ԣҪԸӰ;Լõ˿㡣򣬲ƿᱻ׹Ԩ
ָȥϵī֭ʵƪ̫ûϵǻһƪ򵥵ĺˡ
ù鱾ַ˼ҳ󣬽鱾ڻǰЦͳƪͯķĸɺã
ӰЦգ㱼侹뵽Լĸףһ˲漴͵Ʋȥʲôͯķĸû
Ƶ⡶ͯķĸ˵һλͯĵŮӣɥĸΪĸТǰϦͯĸײأȻ˻ᣬҹ̷ǰֱĸײ˺ÿ֯ƥǮȫĸףԼֲĸ׽ʳТиж죬Է죬λɰࡣ
ӰٿسĬΣſڵƪдһ㶼á
ʣﲻá
ӰЦλɰĻرȰ˷ף⾿ҪľТҪӪأңŲҪʲôλֻҪĸҸ֣ʹҲϧ
֪˵
ǰ־ӰǵʮֲãͬΪѵأ
Ϊĸס
Ϊڹðȣĸ״ԼĲãֻǵĸ״Լĺá
ǵö˫ֱľˮݵúףĸ׽§ڻظҩǵԼصľ̿ؼңĸӭŵ
Ӱ˵ĸ֪ѳͽʮָˡ
һĬӰѵÿڣΪ㽾ġ
֮սӰҲֵ̹ǡôĸο
ֻδ뵽Ŀ滹Ҫ°ٱ
̾˿˵Ĳ޵ֻ²ҪӪƣǹТв˵ԸΪĸһӵĸף̼ܿأ
Ӱһ𣬴ǵЦ˲ʱס
κһԲʣʼسд¡
ͷ£ҹɫдɡ
ӰǷ̫ˡδͣ
Ҳ֪⻰˵Ƿ̫δǷĸ̫δҲֻᵽĸʱǿˡ
ٶԣϵƹⲦЩȥ
ſںͣ׷ħޣ˵úΪ鷳⼸վʹڶУĽⱾ鳭ɡ
Ӱдֵһ٣漴˳Ӧǣʦˡ˵գµͷд
ЩƼ⸱ģҪ°͡
ֻǴҹϡͥԺžΨС
һһһӰ

գߵԺУӰſ˯ˡ
߹ȥֻɢʮּֽֽдȫǡͯķĸһƪ
΢΢սȥϸӰ˯ա
΢һ㱡⣬񾲣ŨںڵĽţʮá
ϧ޺˯գǼ
һЦӰϵһ£ôȥ˯
Ӱٿ۾絶ڿĿס漴˳ش۽ޡ
ʦˣ˯ˣִպīɤŸ˯ʱɳƣǼɡ
΢΢һЦΪ㣬ܽϵĵģ˴ǰС͵Сë˺ĺˣҲһĽ̵ˡ
Ӱüһ壬Ƕ⻰ʮַУǷܵص˵ͷ֪ˡ
飬֪ŭ°Ц
ˣƫ㣬ҪαӣôݲľҺúŰɡ
գӰϵδǰһ㣬¶̹ʵƴӣóͳ飬ôɨͥԺɨͥԺ
ҪʹֶβܽԹأô죬پȻ
ȡȪԺ˻彣ԱյĴӮ±ԡ
֪δУĴѶǴϢ漴һĨǳЦ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ͬʱҲԷȴġ
Ϊ죬ԷԼͣûгţ֪Էû
ԽԽԽԽţѵʦþĴٲô
ҪغˣȥһرŸȴǾ޿ˡ
εȣ˰ܻȥˣŰչ׾أ
ջҪͷҲڣ
ô˵ڶգƴȵ죬ȴǵһһǰĹ㳡ϡ
ĵصڳߣ۽ʱ̹ע볡Ⱥʱʱ̧֣һȷ覡
ղδŵ磬Ǵһɫļۣβǰ˿ɵƹӰ˳еøӢˬ
а룬ʦ⸱ɫˣȻת⣬Լͺô
ϧ޿޵̬δüʦüһͽĽĿ⡣
ʦ㣬úѽҼǵףҪ³أ
ʲôֵģʦ϶صЩʦñԵġ
ʦָһаʽҿҪϲ
ʦ㣬ҿõĽ붼ˣֱģһҪ£
ҵģĻ󡭡
ö
汻Χס߱סƲ볡ˣнѣȴɹ󷽵΢Ц
ӦʦˣЩˡҲաö룬ЩȴʦǷлҵĺˡ
˵ţȺߣ㳡߽һĨϤӰֳֽ
һ۱ƳԷеǱԼȪһϲǾͷľ֮Ժǰȥ
Цʵʦĺ磬ҹϢúô
̧Ƥɫ룬ˣȲʦ㡣̧±ңתȥǣʦ㣬ҰͷǸ㷿ˡ
Ǹôߣˡ۷˹Ŀֻˮ顣
ɲǼ䣬ػĿһʹҹǺ۷һ
ԼΪշתʱ˯ڱ˻
л˵
ԽԽˣ߱һҪעⱣůðŶ
⵽ĩˣһ£ӪҺҪжģɲͶιѽ[]
лСʹ֮ǰͶףдҵۺ͹ȣ߾ӱŬֵģǣôô[]
С糡
ҹ۷ߵԺţʦã˼ȥǵüĶܰġ
棬ڵӰһת͵һͷ۷绳ʦ㣬ҽ˯òãȫģ
۷类˵ĺˣҼסʱɫͨ죬ƮΣűһ䣬⡢˵Ҳе


38 
ԭأӿһʱ侹˵ʲôζ
ֱץסı۰ڶߺ㣬ôҲң˯ڲѣ
ŻعתץֱۣϾǲ֮ɫ
ǿѹͷĿɬƵᣬҪƲ˿ߡ֪ڣͷƵģ˵һ
һ۱Ƽ˵Сʦ㣬ҲμӴ𣿴ս̨ҪҪͬұȱȣҿڱ̨
ȴشֻǿ۷磬ǳǳһЦʦ㣬ȵĹһ̫ף˵ս̨أ
Լ촽һƲСʦ㣡ʵ㣬Ϊʲôһȥݺݵ۷硣
濴ȴδţס۷ֱۣʦ㣬̫ˣҶۣҸ徻ĵطɡ
۷׺ЦӦ£漴ĿɨˣλʦأҪɧʦˣֻʦˣ
˵꣬ת߿
վţļʹңĿŰ׷뿪ıӰ۾һۡ
˿ֻ̣ԼΪ̫ߣйˣʹΧӣܽ˵ĶԻ
ʦ㿴㳡ʮһ̨ÿ̨ʮλڰĸޣǰβһʮһ̨ǰϾʮʮһơ߼ļޣɰϵڶʮĸأڰռ㳡̨ڴСʦñǴ޵ߣʦãλʮһڱ̨۷ͣȹһһ
漸ʦô˿̶ȻԴһּĿ
ͩǼûзûִȥ׷Ľľ˿վԣעӵӦԼŶԡ
Ŀһɬ
۷ŲΪսΪסչأδͽսߣÿ˽һλᣬʤܼսߵ̨ȵ磬ǰϸֵ֮
ô˵ֻҪϰͿˣҪսͷڰָұ켺ɹޣ
һΪʲô
ƾʦõʵôҲȥսβĹްɣ
ٿأһͷԺѵʦôΪң
ΪʦεȵǼСŵΪСΪˣԸâĩҲԸһͷ϶δпԼô
ԭΥŵˣֻû
¼ȸжʦôˣ۷ܣȻҲֻΪ
ԼκһԸ⡣
棬ֱǸ
һԷߺ޵СʦȻװңԺҲҪˣ  
ջߣ粻Ҫڴ֮ͥզզGȿڣȴһУ㣡쿴Сʦ۷磡
ʲôȻתͷֻ촽۷ϣһ֡
Դ˵һ죬סʲôҲ벻ˡ
ҵȴֶúԶֻԼ޺޵رԹСʦ㶼û׹ңƾʲôȥ۷Ǹߣ
һįĵǰֻ׹ҵ˵ֻҪеһλá
ΪԼϲۼ۷գӿѹȴԤǿҰٱ
ǣǿԼδı׾ٵ飬ϺݺݰһĶ⣬ȵܸ߳ӿͷ޲תߡ
˫Ⱥ񱻶˵ϣ޷ƶ
ʶδİʾʲôЩΪ顣ͷβֻһ˵ĶϷ
ǡ
Ϊʲô۷磿һδе°ܽ
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ŵ棬״γ˴ܵζͷӿһŨҵҲ뿴ԶҲ롣
׼ȷ˵ӦδģǶļ°֡
˵Լɫع鵭ȻһĻδκӰ졣
ûĽľǶԵģͲҪЩĪĸ飬Ҫģһֱǰ׵λãʦԼŵδ
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Щ׾ӵϷ룬Ͷҡֺ
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µǾǣ;ǲ˵Сʦ㻵
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ССǸ㳳ܣŲҡ˵ҾԱ߿֣Ҳûʲôɣ
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غһ˫ֱסеĽŤȥ㣬һҲˡ֪СʦΪʲôԸ۷棬Ҳˡ
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۾һϲ㿴СʦˣҾ˵ڰɣ϶͵ģ
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ȴỽʦ㡣
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۽ָ⹴ߵһϷ˵޵ˣֻҡ᲻ῼǿǣͶأ
Ľľ۾ס󣬡ǷĲᣡ


39 
һԭء
һԵȴѴЦСʦ㣬ῪЦ㻣סˣ
ȴƶؿ棬ȻʵģĪʦƲңԸҵս
ſϷԣϵЦݽס
⻰иӲ졣治Ҫ֪ԼԸľ֡
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ֻµĳŵԷ˾٣ҪԼѡ
Ϊ¶Էȥ׷ĽľǾҪֵزôܽܡ
氲ĬΣųǣһиɻЦ⣬˿̾Գֿɬ
ʦ׿Ʋֻǡǰ˵Ҫսô
ɫ䵭հǣ˶࣬Ŷӣսʦ㣬սپĺá
Ŀһʹ޲ץס֣ΪҪ˶ԴԼ
ѵ˾飬һҹ֮ͽյȫøɸɾ
ȴǿţЦʦã̫ÿ˽һսᣬʤˣܼսֱսңһܣ˴αԵưˡұȣȥսλ̨սǸã
ЦһֻܿһλãζֵһᡣȻʦͬΪ״ΪβȱȿҲ֪Լ׵Ĳࣿ
⻰˵ʮֲҿ
֮ʱһڴӦ漴̨ݺݴâٲſ
˿ֻ̣ʹ޾ί벻ʹں䣬
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գ̾˿ѽЭȣֻҪ˵һʦʱ㡣ΨաС
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ֻ޲̷̨ʦýڻУΪס˵Ŀ⡣뽫ʦòӴ˾ֻԼһˡ
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Ͷģǵȥ˭ˣ뿪ʦţΣ
̶һ仰˵Ͻ㳡̨˾Ȼ˫ĿԲɡ


40 
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ȻҪ뿪ʦŴģȱڵģԼ
Ǿ仰ĵһͷû˾ӮϾݹ۹Ž񣬴δйֵ漣
ǺεļЦ֮ǰ֧ЩͽҲдѿ·ѾСʦܺȺĿ³档
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ͫȻһϵЦҲάֲסѿֱɫ
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ɫδ䣬˭ý֮ǰ߰񡢲мһˣǵҺܲأ
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43 
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44 
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üңЦЦϴε£㲻ң
ϴҼˣʰ·硣
ֻ½˵ޣȴ޵²ǼպŻұͱһء
СʦĴϻʵҲĶ֣ģô˵ֺأĽľ΢٣ʹĿĺвѹƽı¡
̧ǳǳһЦοСʦ㲢δ˺ңֺαغ㣿
߽΢΢ּ̧䣬ָⲻ⹴ǰ紵ҵķ˿ζİ֮λȨƵϣ㵱һ˿ޣ
Ľľδ㿪Ŀӭ̽㲢ûлٵҵϣҿˡҺҪߵ·ǲһġ
ޣ𣿡Щˡ
ʱһŲЦɢԺ߳Ľľվһ𣬽һ㶡
һ˲˱ɫ糣Сʦ㣬㻹δȥôҲ׷׺Цк
ɿָƷһһЦŻӦѼ˷׷뿪Ʒ塣
ǰɢٿذֻӰԶ
ͻȻֱ׷ӶȥĽľһ㶣漴ʩ׷ϡ
Ӱһǰһ󣬴ּ䴩ǷɣӰѸʧҹɫС
ֱһ³ǰƮȻ±ߵĴʯϣӭ
ƽڣҪҰԸĽݼңңʲôôأ
Ľľ£Ϣ΢٣ȴᶨĽݼھŴλе壬¿ʯʤֻҪԸ⣬ҿΪӦ³֮ЩС
һ˲ĶĽݼңΪףʱʹ׷ɱҲӦˡ
ֻϧҰģȴûʵ
ҡҡͷ̫ˣҲһôܺһھݴ½̾壿
˻ܣСʦ㣬ԸһѡĽľ粽ǰεȿڼΪСʦƾˮɡֻ֮󣬲̤;˺ÿһԴֹ뾳ҩǿ󡣶ε鲼޴Σա֪ǡ
΢΢ͣ٣תҿԸ֪ľ֮꣬ʶ޺ۼСʦҪʲôɲҩУҶԾΪѰҵĳ⡣
һĨЦ⣬΢⸡ȻԼҪݺұȴ֮ˡ
ðҴӦ㡣
ת¹⽫ЦӳյȴһƬ䡣
Ҳ棬ҲҪѡϣҿԿ곤ңһʦ㡣˽£ۺʱ£㶼ҵġ
Ľľݼҧ漴ɿֻҪ棬Ҷġ
ôЦͷȥףǺ죿
Ľľչȥָ⽫ɲǣؽһ̧
˸գһ㶣漴Ŀڴһ⣬ѵˣ
̧ۿȥȴĿµһƳ
Ľľһݣݲʵҧס´
ĬϢڵϥأסֻڰյ֣Լǰ
ָ䣬ȴһ̡
ҹɫżţӰ·¹ֻ·ʱʱǵ
ӹȣһ䡣
ǡ

ʱٿת˲㵽εȿ졣
εΨһһأҩˣ˼ܴ˵صĽʿ⣬С塢Сŵʿ޿ɢޣ׷ڿգǰѰٻԵȡҩɲݡ
ֻǣЩ˽ֹεȵΧأΨǽҺڵͽΪﵽ𵤾ϣн𵤾ʿͬɽ롣
˹ȿڣ˴ˣʿаˣ󲿷ֶŵĵͽʿֻڲôΣյεΧժҩ
Ѿͽʮλִ־ɴӣĽľҲУֻǲ۷Ӱ
ɵ̾˿
ԴƷ칦ϣʦƺ嶯Լ׺ȥʦ췣
ֳִƽ˽ʦϲǱֳϼԼ˼
Ϊ˴εȿţֳϻῪ׼ʦţ˭֪ûУ²ɵһ㯡
ⲻ棬ʦ⿪Ľᣬȴδ뾹١
벻ףԼˡɫºҲֶΣʲôֵʦϲأ
ʦҪϲ˭ҲϲԼ
ʦ㲻ֵ
ҲûкϢƴȽ뿪ʦţضˡҲһͬȥ
ԳֻҪǿԾʦУͽڣĳ峿δһˣĵˡ
Ľľǳϵһǰ˵̱µƢԣʼһ˹Ŀ࿴־ɳҲΪ档
֪Ϊʲô
Ľľǰͬ飬ڵǲмһˡתͶԼδ£ȻҪùϵˡ
ŲͬƾѪԵԴſ츳ӢšЩҳˣ裬ʱ޵ֺʱĻϲ
ε֮ǰѾһŲҩӸĽľеҩ·İٲիѰã۾ûգһ£Ӧ
˵Σ̬ġ
߰ɣֱȥεһ𣬽
ԭ־ͬϣһȣ־ͽڿն𣬽зȥ
΢üңΰǴ㵥ˡ
һЦǣʦ𡣡
漴ʦһֱͬεʱ˾͵˽صĺġֻһȦ͸Ĺܣɫ⣬޵˻ӽƵһߴ˲
µĽƣԷв֪ʿ󴳣ǿ嵭͵ǰһɼӹ̹
ҵˣüһʱһɲõԤС
ƺԤоӦˡ岻ˣֻʣһվ֮ǰͷ֦Ҷᣬ⡣
δţ׻һ˿Ȼ
Ԥϵһᶯֽš
ǰΪ΢ûʸεȣֻ֪εȹ󣬱չꡣ
ҳûѳֹȿڣԡͽΪãȿⲻ⡱Ϊɣ𵤾µʿȲҩ
ûа־ҲֻЭգǴε֮м˵޼˵ҩģѰҩȡ
ٳڵʿתͶڣ֮ڱսʽ΢
ʱΪ˽ңʱ˰ɣֻΪס£ҲΪҳ룬żٽչ֮ˡ
δϵغײԼǲͽйᣬͼȡűʱŭ
ͽĻ飬ҲΪҪǰشͽ
ֻϧб֮ʹʵ̹ġ
ڽҶ֮ǰȸ߰µ壬϶ӮʦޱΰɣʱҲֱֵˡ
Ԥϵ˻ֿǰ׼ܸӦԷλõĴͷϬ˫塣
Ͱһ˸ִһö壬ֻҪڣעͿ˲䴫Էߡ
óϬ˫壬Ҫͣǰ´һ΢ĺ
ȡȾҡ
£ֻһŮӱΰڴϣҴ䣬ɵɫΪһ塣
ڻŮӵĽ£ΪģһŨصĺӰ䶯ţֲڵƤޱƽ
һŷⲢʲôӰ顢ӿ󨡣
һЩѻɽմŮӿ϶ܿͱѪҺΪһ߸ʬ
ȻһŮӣôΣյĽأʵ̫ˡ
ĮȻƿߣ޴壬ʵ̡
סϬ˫壬עɾڷɲǣŮ̧ͷһ˫ޱȶݵ͵ײ
𡭡ߡ
ʱԭأŮӾһ׵ò
Ⲣ𾪵ԭͫ𶯵ǡ
һģһ


45 
ü΢壬ѵҲ˽ˣ
ǲӣʸ
ϾѻɢԼ˭̸֪ϱѩޡ
֮֮
ҪǰʩȣŮӺִ󺰣Ҫ壬Ҫɱ㣡
ȻѾˡ
̤Ӱ˲䣬ܵȻһȦ׵ƣɫ绡һڿ˲佻֯£һԲε׹֣ôһ𳹵׷档
ʱνڹϣȴδԹ˿˺׹Ⱪǣһɫ绡˳ƲϽǿҵԸдָ⴫Ƶս󳷡
ţһӵĴЦĿ̤ʱΡҴ̶Ц
ŲЦּ仺߳󻹸ӰȻڴʱ
ҽһ£ǽ⣬Ҳ˵ӵġӡŸˣҲɵġ
ǰ߽һ¶ר·ġõģò˶ãλʦ壬Ҳˡ
һĨЦȴδϿԤеľ־壬Цʱǡ
Ҫ㣬߳ŭ̧һ
ɫ׵ڹϷӿ˲ʮڴϸĺ˵绡Ȼȥ
׹ըѣͬ۵һ뱬͵𣬿̱ǵĽζ
ţһ죬Ϸ˶ڱ绡Ƭ֦Ҷ˺ȼգЮ棬ڵء
˵ЦʲôưףҲôڣȻЩ
Ȼһ˲һЦӹ𣬡˵⻰֮ǰǲǸȷһҵûأ
δ䣬¼׵۳ɵĹӦըѣ绡ڿзɽɢ˲١
һ羪ӳſ˺һ˼
лǰͬʱ̧ڿһһķ֣ͼסһȻ⾹ϵǿĻڹϣһֱѿϸơ
һĩʵǲĶְлȻʧɫ
ʲôǲЩ־ŭ̧ٳ׵磬һѽƿ
һ˲ֺȻըһݺݻؿڣǿҵĳײõɳȥݺײϣֹڵء
ȡ
ǺһѪǿ̧ͷֻǱƽ
Щˣתӣɲ벽ˮ籩͸ǵ塣
⿴ŵһصʬ壬ŵõһɫɷֽ𡢱ɱң
ĨЦ𽥱а֮ͳүǼǳԲǴϻǶ仨ô𣿡
͵صɴ۾ŵ㡭ջˣȻ㣡
һЦѽѽȻ֪ˣҹȻ̫ˡϾͿȥЩء
ⱳһ󷢺æ˫ֳԼаܵӣɪŲȥ֧飬㲻ɱңɱңҶŹģ
ɱ㣿ͷЦ˭Ҷˣ˵ǽүôأŭޣŻͬһ𣬺ءű͸Һ޹ϵ𣿡
ܣң㲻ǰͽ˱ɣͲӦˣħҹ㣡
ݻδ꣬ͷƤ͵һʹڽĲҽУһץסͷ£Ѫϳɳһۡ
ţҲҵĶ֣ӽǶ䶯УһЦˣɹҲǸܵĴ
ᵽѪζʱž䣬׷׳ӿȥȺڻĶһĸ첲׺¶ĲͽסһشѪ漴ཱུع
æץÿקһֻƤ˺һ飬Ѫӿ۵졣
ϵˣ飬ѻɽ
ת˲䣬˱㱻
ƿŶĵѣߵ£⿪ŮϵСĴϱŵϡ
վס𣿡ʣĿ´ŮӣӲ԰㲣ϵδ˿ڣҲûб󨶣ϡ
Ůλ£ǿվˣ˫Ŀʵʦˣ̫ллˡԭǽҵŮǽǴ⽫Ұϣһ󨣬Ҫ̤塭ҲҪƭ㣬ֻȣ϶ѱѪˡ
Ŀϣü΢Բӡ
ڣ״Ȼһ΢Ĵʹͷȥֻ󨲻֪ʱ
ѽ󨣡δŮѶָֻ󨣬һ֭Һų˳ָȾۻ಻
벻°ϲ˲֣Ц̧ͷȴӵĿ⣬¶ʱʦˡ
ʲô֣
Ůӵͷβ΢΢죬үС
Сɫδ䣬ʵ㱾
ŮãȻΪʦһŮأΪʦҲŮ
𷽲ʦ˵ǰ˸ˬˣ΢΢һȣǽʲô֮һ㣬ǽƳ
°Ȼһʹָǯסֱֱڵͫ
Ƴ𣿡ᶯȴΣգøҽһ£ΪЩٳٲȴǡһֻϣҧһأ
Ƴβ߳⣬޹ʦˣҲ֪˵ʲô
˵꣬ӶȻס
Ǽ⼸Ҫľ࣬һᡣȵϢޱȵľëȴһ˾顣
ϣ̧Ѫζ
ǡƳǵͨ죬ȥˡ
˲ŵÿ¡
עĿŹ֣ƺ͸һңԶˡ
ƳδԽʱΪ֪Ķ⣬ûк£˿̣δ֪е˿־塣
ŵ˿Һеʦˣ޹ģҺΪôܸһıأ
Ϊ⻰ģһ˲һˮɣ΢΢ƫͷסʺ
˵Ҳ֪ģϲˣϲˡ
ƳֵҡҡͷգĲ֪ʦҪ˵ʲô
ƼˮʱЦбѩڡ
ȻǾ˵˵ʲôӣ׾ͽϵȡİɣϾһҧסˣɲԼɿڡ
Ƴһ׹ߡ
ȻΪٶԼ¶
л˵
շС糡
ƳСѽ
Ƴһյ
ϲɬشʦˣΪζԳôã
Ҫֱ飬һ㶼
Ƴ׻ʦˣ㾿ҵ˭


46 
ãƳŲȻһЦڣʦ˲µûЩģҲҹһֻϡ
˵ţӣֻС˸ˣҲһõƤЩ˰֮ϣһʵѪδᣬǰᵽѪζԴ
ҴСڽҳȴ֪˭Ҳ֪˭ֱʮ꣬⽫ҪȥԺź׿ڸҡ
Ƴ΢٣Ǽ˵ңҵǽҴүӢǸ֪ܡɷŮӣͱһƴˡ֮󣬽в˳ȭߣϵˣҲȫǰ͡
Ȼ飬뵽ǰǸԼֻλӣĨȻŪЦ⣬ȥ
Ҳ֪οຮӶôˣۿɻ
ֻƳ͵͵ģһգʵܲĥѰ˻ᣬӺԺǿڻķ϶Ŀݾȥ˭֪׻һ࣬ҽûھһͨ𸮰εͨѡһ֪˶µġ衯Ůˡ
˵һһڣⲻյĹط˼꣬ûѰһǰ;޵Сƾʲôǰͷ
˴а룺ңҲҪ㡣ϧҲ£÷ѿѵ㡣
ֻ˵Щʱ䡣
ұ㽫ҵЩܵĥѡ꣬Ĭã̾һӽһƲ﷭һɲӵݸҡ˵ԭӣʯûУҲֻԼˡѧϵѪҪΪΪѪΪý֮󣬾ýϢȥ鲻κκۼ
֪ѾǸˣʮָм²ʱұзģѪҪⰵյĵȳ˺꣬һֱѪѪιƳ棬ɾڼ֮ʣȴ˽ҪڵϢʱ⣬°ն
ץҧңԼ߶£ֻȷųƳ棬ֱֻۣѪ߶Ѫɢɽ󨡣״ŷߵͷûãʦˡ
ӹһ˿ȻԭЩΪԱ
ָ̧Ƴİѱˮ˲ɢǸһĨЦЦĻȣô˵ָʹƳҧһڣɱڣɴֿ
Ƴæҡͷģʦ˾ңƳôܶأ
ǺֻͣƳʵǡʵǡ
ҧ´ĻҲ˵ڡ
ü΢Щͷٲ˵ұֻĺңݹˡ
Ƴؿڣҵķ˿䣬һ˫ĵѪֻƳ桭ƣҧˡĽ
⸱ɬ״֪˵滰ľ΢Լһʹڰͽ͸ˡ
ŲҪҪҲҪᡣ
ĿŮӵʹĲһСؼҵķ˿Ե쳣԰ס
ﳤĻܹ
ָ֣Ƴ򥣬ʹԷ̧ĿȾűϣȻ˵ƣΪҲδ㣿
ƳʹʦˣҵѪδɣơЩøУɱҡ
ջ֣ȻȥȻϵһɱڡ
ƳǰޣиЩϲ΢⣬㱻Ļûһ˫ϥһڵء
ͷһ㱾һĽҲɱˣǣ޹ң񲻸ɾ
Ƴʱҡ
ȥʮ꣬δйƬ̵Ŀʱ⣬Щܾ衢ȷһ֮Դڰѣһָ㣬ݾɺԵģҲ˰Ȼ⡣
ţһҪӳ˵Ľң񣬽ѾˣҲҪ
Ȼһ˼̤ɣ
ΪΣòأ
Ƴ֪ԼĶ֣ҲܶҡľģϾۿԷɱ˽⣬ܣΨ˲ܱס
ʦˣ֮ǰҿһ𣿡
ޱ飬òҪȥλѰɣ浱նʥ˲ɣ
ƳҡͷǵġֻȥһѣҸ
üѶ
ҪƳ˵ѾѪɱ˽⣬ӳˡ˵ѾѰףڹúܺãҲؽȥˡ
΢ôõĻԣô˰
ֻϧģ׸ȴֵ֪֮ˡ
Ц飬ΪҪӦ㣿ɱ˽ȥѵԼ̫ˣ
ǰΨһҲƳһоǾ
ת룬ʦҪɱڣֺԼԣֻҪһǱˮм̱ܹᴩԼʺԼͬһ
Ƴ
Ѫֻһˡ
Ƴһȥеı΢밧̧ʱֻʣ¼ᶨ
ʦȷûаҵĵֶ˵ã־ᶨȻһŮԣƳֻ㡭ҡ
ֱ壬ֱͦˣһǰηųĿγ̹ӭ
Ц£ζ㣿˵˵ôã
Ƴͷ˫ڵþˣƳʦֵö
ȻƳǿѪΪʦ˷ǡ£㶯ˣԽƳȥ
˵ţ˫־ٹͷöָ׸ǴСĹƳ澲ģӨѪ⡣
ƣһĸƣֻҪʦ˽ӹֽƳ壬ƳԴ޷ܵİҳϡаģʦֻĸƣƳĸԸ
ðϲݾƳȼϣĿУǶѪɫƳ棬Ȼָһ롣
Ƴ˲ʱɫмָ¡
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ᷭһĳɫ𡣻ͫԾӳŽྻԲá
ŵģֻԼ
£һƳ˲ʱûüġ
Ƴһͫҡţ
ٿȻףתԶ֣΢ˣأְ

һ˸ϵʱֻغʮ߿µʬ󨽫Ѫⶼˡ
紩֣Ұ޵˻ܿտյѰӰ
ӵǰ鿴Ȼһͷ⡢ǽҵλү⣡
ӴɤＷһɳƵЦޱȴ̶˼ˣϮô˵ģأ
ýʬϵ󨲦ϸֻʬ嶼еѪģѱϲԭò
ֱɵΣӦ⵽Ϯֱû˿ڣѪ⡣
۾׻һĨյĹ⡣
ϳôãڵֱأ
ӻǵԼ֮ǰӣ˿ôŹ赶ɱ˵ĺûأ
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ӽʬ׷ּңһȫʬû¡
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л˵
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ǳЦ˵˵˵ãǴϻǴ£
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ӪҺ֧һƳ[][]
ǰ˵СûɱƳԲ²¿СƳʲôŶ[Թ][Թ]


47 
ͥҺԺ
廨żؽĻ֦һһȥٲϸƿڡ
ϸƬ̣Ƿһ˿Ц⡣
Ȩɱɱ鷳£үǲıã˵ţָḧ۵Ļ꣬Ůͻ԰ӣֵڣ
λڲķ⻰²ΪȻ˿ȴЦŵͷ
˵ǣүͷ绽꣬˿ŷ⣬ƾһȥվǣҲз˵ĸԺŻ㡢иء
ΪȻЦ⽥һ;գһСľʧŮ˼ңе㻤Ϊ㹻ˣѲɻͬȥôǶѿ
Ƿ׷׸͵ǣƽҲ̵Ůģĥֻ֣ŪͷĻһŮӣЩɼҹӣҲϲѽ
һĹýüͷ촽΢ҪȴŮ͵߬ס֣
ϾǶӹҵС壬˵ʲôֻи͵ķݣﻹٶײأ
ǵ˳Ϊã˵ϼ䣬һŲٱһűײ
ˣˡɫ԰ףֱ˵ϡ
ü΢мϣºͣȴ˼ֲãŻŵģʲôͳûƼͻ𣿡
ˣڸղţүĻƣˣ
£š
֦δ뻨ƿĻવһ˵ϡ
˵ʲô͵ؼǴүأү
үͬүһ𣬶εȵĽء
δ䣬ȳţٹ˲κ̬Ըۣȥεȣ϶ţ
׷ıӰˣ˽ƣûн𵤾ǽȥģ

ҼžУȻ˵͵Цһ
λסŮӿڵջ˵أһ;գһСľͻʧҪ̵ŮңҪɱɱЩΪ㹻ˡ
̧һ˿⣬ϧõĵû̸ءҲϰַֻ֣ԺͻĻɥأ
˵꣬Ůһ䣬̤˷š
ɫ죬Ƭ̣ѹʣļҵѾͷ˵ôûû
źǡҵСŮʶġ
ʶһͳʶغ£ȡ֣ѹСѹסǻء
˱븽ͼ䣬뵽ղǸϢ㶼סڲˡ
ͻʱʰļȻ飬һɳضķΧӿ

һߣ̤ص˲䣬Ȼһա
ü΢ôת࣬ѿһˡ
ǻڽ϶ֽţֿöͽ֣
˪δָȴóϬ˫壬Ҫ߶ͣ۽һҵĺקס
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̾ҶƬɫŨ𣬵нһĹʵӨӨԣҩ
ɲݡ
ֻǲĹڴҡҷ絶ȵعľ죬⣬ɭɭ
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δٿطɳһα篣һ߱ؾɲݵľ
ɾڱ˲䣬涸Ȼ𶯣һɻɽѹ˷ϮʱΪ֮һ͡
ĹǰƬռ·һεסʧˣľҲҡҷ
Ȼթ
ɲе˲䣬¼ʶһˮľӸն
ǡ¼ĵһͨľӳħܶþħϣ񹥻
кէ֣ͫɫףǰľ˲á
Եƽɽȣ̼ԳصɱֻԲĽɫƱ鲼֯һصĽɫâɣɱɭȻ
ǽҵĲ֮ء޵
ǽңڵȲҪô
ɫָ̧࣬һͨӨ׵ĳ֣âתȾ˳ıǽ
һ˲ֻʮڴСգۼѽɽ󣬽쳣Ŵ̹ǵĺ⣬ֱ˷
Ժ໶ֻųСʮСΣ
ľѿ޵ҪʮڱСĶ׼Ľڵ㡣
ۿѣȴȻһܵķģЩŤߣϸӬˮѸӿת˲㽫û
ɫδ䣬۾
ȻЩĲδʧʶɿԿЩϸСķƹ֮ľס
δӦĶȻһѪ⣬ֱֱײʶ
һҵĴʹȴüת˲ָƽ
˶ЩľʲôΪĳľסĹ
ɻһЦ𣬰۾аɫȥָ糣
ֻӢλԪӤ׵Ĵ󷨱ԵֳΣʮӰ£ۡ
ʮޣǽ𵤾ĸ߽ʿ
ʱȻҴ˴޵ǴҪ޻ء
ӢƶЦޱţذЩһɻɣձɣұĸ㣬ΣרΪṴĵľ޻һһ񣡡
ſ⣬ĿȴȻһʹ
ʶļ䲻ܿƵظֳʦʱѩǰжѹƵıˣڴ˿֮ˮȻӿͷ

ĵľζҡˣˣսپ
ľҲ̡
¼ͨࡣ
ֻҪչ򣬷ԲＴ̱⣬ʹڵĵɬ塣
ɲʩɣ㶸Ȼʧأǵûչ򣬷⵽ķɣͱȾʶ˿̸Ǿһ籩类˺һ㣬ʹѡ
һݣ˿ǿչֻ·ǵ˲˽ӢẦԼ䡣
ƺҪ⳰Ĵ¡¡ľ죬һ˶ʯֱּ߲˽ģѱ棬ֻԼ򱮡ĸ֡
΢⾹ǽҵ֮רſƸͨ
ζĵģ˿̼רͨʯҡøˡ
ֻԼòԼв˴δйıˡ¼š̿֡޴ѹ֡
ӢȻʧ̬һ˿⣬ԥĿڲһλʴӱĺͽ˿ɥȪˡͲȥһ𣿡
ˣ
ǸӲΥ桢ó羴ĿͽǸǴЦգÿ첻Ϊ¶ͽǸ㡢ư϶õһͽȻ
飬ҪλӦǷݴĺˣɲ֪䣬Ǹ¶Ӱѩ÷
ЩΪϸ΢ʲôأ
ûüϣҲûлô
ۡ
ĳ䣬ѪӰ³ʮС⻪谵봹䡣
Ӣ״һϲã壬֮ǰҪҪҲһζأ
δ䣬ѷĳһɫâֱֱ塣
˿̰ңĶҡʹͽıһ𣬾Ķˡ
ǧһ֮ʣУһԽĺ𣬡ʦ𣡡

ǻþ
һȵĴС
عֻǵϤӰѾǰļͷӲǵĳ⡣
ʧߺԼδĲ
Żֱ۲ܿƵ·ʲôʧõ䱦
л˵
ǸˣΪûдˣϳһ[]
л߱ȵӪҺѾեɣдС糡ˣ첹[]


48 
Ӣɴ۾Ȼţ⾿ô£
ҲԼ֪ǸݰͲһʱԸ£ôҪ齻ȥ졣
ȻʱٺҲ޲ˡ
ӢЦһҲãͽţͳȫǣȪ·ʦͽɣ
Ҫһһ˴Զٱת˲͵˷ıԵ
Ӣһ۱ϳϵĽڷƣ͵һλģ
йأֹڸǿײڴ˴壬˵ǮƽٲҪһʡ
οаѱ䵽վǸ
ɵ˲䣬ѸʮСȻ޵һСڣ漴ݹĹȡ
ʮ޷׷ȴڹȿͣס˽Ųɫɵ
˫ۻסĲԴͷڱİȵӰûǰ̧ͶһĮȻĿ⡣
ǹһĨаĻȣ·˵ʦҪٵҲֻܻҵ
ЩأøԶһ㡣
ĪͷһݣֻëȻŮֻǸΪλɢ˵ĿֲϢأ
ֱǣҪˣȴƻǸûʲôµġ
ֱǷܣһתͷӢүǻҪ׷ȥ𣿡
Ӣ׷ˡ֪ΪȱεΪǱųǧֻڤε˵ΨһĹֶΣ֯þҲˣҲƻĶġ
ĿɨĹȣֻϧȺڴˣѽٸҪ׽һֻն˻þеꡣǰĹȣڤȵϳһȥˣǳˡ
δ䣬ӵ֣ҷôںͰأ
Ӣع⣬ôҲ˽أ
ӵѹΨεδ̽飬ҵȵħ޻ڴˣ̽һ
ӢڵЦ˾ľĳİձɸˡ
ת¶ɫ̾˿˵ˣǽĳŪǷǣֻʵ̫ѶԸոǿ̰׽ħ²ҲͰˣ֪Ϊһ굤ɲݣҪҺɱ֣
һ𾪣ʲôȻ£
Ӣָָ̧ȿڣֻ½ĳˡһ֪ͽĹȥˡ
ʵӷԶԶţǽӢѹƵмܣֻͶĴ治˿̼ӢҪԸ壬Ȼֵ˳ˮۡ
Ȼĳ˺ôˣɱɵ֣ҲѲ˸ϵ
Ӣɫ䣺˵ʲô˭ˣ
ӳɨһۣһֻ⿪ۣȻ¶ͷ­˫۾ɵü͹ۿͫž뺦£Ȼǰ˼ĥ
Ӣֻ׺䶥͵ͷڻ󺰵⣡ҵⰡôܡôܾôˣ㲻Ǹ˵Ҫúøһҵ𵤻δͻƣϱҲδȢôܶµ˰
ˮ£·мʹࡣ
ŤͷȿڣһǸ⣡ҪҪ⳥
Ӣ˻žҪȿڣȴקסүȥڤεϳȥ
ǰһȥ޻أǽһųڹȿڣɱү𣿡
ҲȰֽڰһ¼áһ⣬Ҳ֪¾˲̣ģѽˣ˱רʹǰá
Ӣԣ˲Ŀ¶мʱרʹǰҽһ
ЦӦ£Ȼ
ӢɫƽȨӦǰҪұϾᣬкӣ˵ڽͶ벻٣վǸĲݰΪһݰԶǰ;أ
ΨһϧǣΪƽƽѾܹˡŲ檣ˣû˰ɣ
˼ˣӢһ˿ϲɫ
ͷ­£غùȿڣһǳ֣͵ظɱ
ȴ֪һĻѱڸݴеĽľ
֮б޺У˿̻ΣϢΧȻһ壬ǽӢӵҲ
͸Ҷ϶ӢźޱˡƵĽľﲢκβΪα̬ĽݼҼ̫̫ˡ
ͽӢɵڤε̤ǵϳͬĽݼѽڵȫɨһգ޾͵¼ǿΪ֣ıŪɫΪ裬ٲãֻΪĺĲˡ
Ϊ޵ıҴԸ֪Լǰ
ɶͬڤεϳĻܻų
ôΪηҪһеسȥΪһ£ѵԼҪҪô
Ľľ˦βͣĪ졣

ŴӦҪ֣תȴΪ˱˲ôˣǰ׹ˣ
뵽Ӧ£ĽľͷǷƣһûֲ֪Ķ˸Ѿͷ
ᡢΪˣƫƫźÿҪ
ƾʲôҪȥչϺȵģ˴Լ濴˼ô
˼Ǩǲֵ
ԼӦۺʱۺ¶ģĽľһҧϿ֦תϢ˲ݴ

屧̤Ĺȣһ˿ǹ̫
ͣסŲŷֽӢȻûд׷
ȷʵŹ֡
̧ȥֻгĲľֻڸĺأҶƬһһ㣬ѻýӷס
һ˲ġҶͬʱ׷״ϰ룬ڿն
΢ǲҶǺڤε
תˣȴѾˡ
ǧֻڤεչȶĹȣ׷糿һ䣬ںڰлĹӰ
ƻãҲΣա
üͷ壬һֲָһӨ׹֡
Ȼָס񹥻
ɫӰײϹֵ˲䣬籬ըһ㣬һʢڣм׷ɡڰп
һ˲
Ⱥûϣͬŵĺ̺˳û
Ĺٴλָ˰Ψһأԭء
̧סǣһʱ侹Щ㱣ѾڤεĻþ
ϧľֻҪþһգճȻسȥȴֻ뷨ˡ
˼˺Ȼһһ˫ֻĲ쳣ʦ𡭡ͽȡϡ
˫ֵּƣָ޵ز༡
һݣʱס˫ҵ󣬵ͷȥֻɫ죬΢أѻŨܵĳ޲ס
Էͷ¶ȹ̡
彫˴ԼǳҪϸ˿ڣȴսֱۣȵĺͷ߽ʦ𣬲Ҫ
΢٣뵽ΪԼܵˣǷΪʦᶪ㣬ҿƣô
Ҳ֪ûУֻԺءšһȴԽѣ˫Ҳλš
Σֻðһסĺüƣֽ⿪ϵ
ȴͷԭ˿ڵĵطûһ˿Ѫֻһɫ𪼡
ɫȻһ˪⾹ȻǺϻڵĶ
鶾ǣԡġ
ӢбҪģϻڵаʹˡ
ʦ𡭡ҡҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻ࣬Ǵ˶аΨ˽ϣܻⶾ
ʲôǱסˣһҪˣԸһ
л˵
С糡
ƳʦˣΪĽСԶһ㣿
Ұˡ
ƳΪΰҲԶһ㣿
ʦҵĲҶʲôġ
Ƴ˵ʦ˶ʲôأ
ɣȻӦԶһ㡣
Ƴ[ܵ]ѣҵķӸã

ԤУ»ᱻ[][]


49 
ƺãɫѽ졣ˮ͸ذʣһжյ
ڻþĳԶˮȴʵ
ϲྻЯĴװһӷ˿̣Լõġ°˿Ĵϡ
ɱմ˯ȴٳߡ
ΪŴϻһˡ
۾漴ʶѱʪˣżһԵȡ
Ҫˮϴ壬ֻˮһĵ׵ȡ
ֻǸȴ͵һŷ侹ѹסˡ
ŻΪλͬ˯ͬһŴϣΪͽͰ͵ק䣬ߡ
Ůԣ˯Ũ
ֻԲѹϣ΢΢Ө¹£ϸĺëɼ
ֻ˯գȷɰͷ鶾Ȼģˡ
ţָʶ£·ȶĴֻصָ⡣
ָṴͷļϣѾǵķɫϻˡ
һֱŵģ
º£³¾ѶԷ˻ȥȴ֮ǰӲˡ
Լһһµţ޹ġ
δйôεԵʰɣΣȻָֹܻˮ
ֻǣĹϵĻָܻ
Ѳ֪Ҫŵ˫峺̫̹ϡҲ̫⣬޷װ
üĽǽҪβװ·أ
ָ̧֣ⴥüģƺһۼһδйͷĵ
ѵǶ飿
ԽʦͽġøУ
پշ̣ǲֱȫ
ĻŵѣΣǿİĸоԼħ
ڲûС
ŷһУԾ񲻰ֻǽģƵļ¡
ζţһһ顣

ҪҪˣԸһ
ʵһֽⶾķӣ㡭ʶΪʦڣΪ㻯ȥ鶾
˫峺ѾһɵˮβȾϕi糺졣
ʶǺΣ𣿡˿Ϣ΢
ģΪʦΪ㻯κζ¡Լƽˮ
¸صʦͥͽʮŷ
֮ǰȷġ˿̣öϬ˫ָ⣬ѿָڷףҪˡ
С
ļͷϢ̡
ͽʦΪ顣
ƮƮģʪƺѾľһ˿
յüͷ뵽׵ķӡⷨҲΪ̣ҪȫȻʶȫΡ
ǿд룬ẦöԷ
˷УǾֻʣԸáҲ򵥴ֱַˡ
ֻ꣬һԡΪˮ
飬ԡ֮Դһгª֮
ʦѵ룬ӡһԺ⼸ѳ˿̵ĶҡǶʦ̻ı룬Žɵ¡
ǣͽʹշתȵĺһδη༡Ƿݸٹ̵ĿܣתΪ޿κΡ
ƺҲûбѡˡ
ǻᱻþУΪеĶٹ翵ĵģͽ鶾ĥɵǣǸɶ
Ӣ֮к
ңվֻΪ˾ˣ¼Ȩ㲻ƽ䡣
˵Լȥһɫ룬ƾűɢƺʦȵ¸ᱡϣο̹
ĴʶĲţһ̶ʪĺۼ
˿δֹҲδӭϣֻ΢΢ͷȥ˫ֳĲݵϡ
еȴֻżɵèĥƬ̧̣ʪ۾Ͱͣʦ𡭡һǡܡ
һͽָʶסʦڣ󣬡̽ҡòã
˵䣬ĺϻ·ѾĲ컶ˡ
ģȻһ˲
ʶгľϵķģڴ˿Ȼӣ걻Ⱦøˡ
۾ֽ̧΢ָⰴסƬȵķۺ죬к뼡
ȻûӾŴ˾˵ĵزʪȡݺӡУƺҲһƢ
ѹںĵϲʹ໹ǻ䣬Уǡ
ʶУľϵķƺø˷ˣֳԭʣһ˿ľ泹û
ɼٱƽΧž
ƬķɫϻȻȥеˮɫδʧһȴ⡣
ʦ𡭡ڣ鶾ֱ㻷Ĳ
δȰ巴ӦȵĴģͬĻһס
徹δܵһʱƿһѣη˲ϢİбӽŵĴӿֱ֫ٺ
ָ΢΢£վǷ˵ֿԼİĻУ˳ӱģ̧ס˶Է֫Ȼʦͨ㣬ɬǹȥ
ʱһ޵˿ڴǣ漴Ͽ
ȴԷ뾡ʣһƬţʦ㷽Ϊβƿңң
΢٣ѵʦͽ
ȻѣָҲĴУ˿̣ȴԽ֤ݣжû
ѹвض룬ŲΪⶾ
ȴˣУʦ𡪡
ûпǣĻָֻյ˪Ҫٺ˼ˡ
ʦԲϷ
ڶظս⣬˼壬ҪϢ˯ɡӴȡ޾ߣݷ˵ذס򣬽˴򴲱ߡ
£Ȼ̧ʦֻ˵üĵӡˡ
嶯Ȼס

ʱȻ˯ȥüȴ΢΢ţƺҲð
ѵʦҲھᵽû
ڸ鷽棬Ȼ̫ˡǾ仰ӡʲôģȻƭѽ
ջߣߵԶĺӱߣѣУĺˮ
˵ʹϲˮĴУõı侲˼
ɱ⵽Ϊ嵲һмʱִ̫ˣЩȷƳǶǴ
ǰûƳˣǶһ֪
̹Ȼ࣬ҲĽľΪ͸ǣҲ֪ǵڡ
ƳͬһŮˣֵó̹ϣҲ
ڽңǶĸƱȻ⣬һܣͺпΪԷۡ
һв̤벽
Ҳ޷ɱ˶ԷΨһİ취

ںӱߣˮӼϻǹһĨϷʵĻȡ
ճɶ
վߵһˡ
㲻ֶΡ֪ȻҲѰɣ
ǧָ
ûϵܺɣΣӮң


50 ƽ
ԣΣܴγأ
νĶ԰ԣͼĹƾԼͿԽ
˼ˣ½ⶾĹ̡
ַǱ׾ɬǵʹҲǵˬ̼ȴ졣
ϵѾˮˣԾò㣬Ⲣ鶾ڿࡣ
ס
ֻĸο
ǰһİĽ棬ȴ°֣ʱҲФӰ°ħ̡Ǹ̬һʵûʲô˵ģֻԼˬ
˿ָ̣΢ˮȻ˵ĴԼĸοȴǽȻͬ
پȱȱԽָ£ûˮУȼҡҷˮݡ
ͷ΢΢ϳҧס´ǣսپɡ
ϪˮˮӰָŪϡ顣
żӳݼĵͬʱҲ˴˿İġ
˯ȣоѺ󣬷ڴϣڻþг£һ·Ѱҡ
δϻײһĻ
Ϫ˽¹£һ㱡׵⡣
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ȻŴһӿƽ
¼֮꣬Ǵδйҵľ
ָ̧סĿڣٴᵽƵĸо
ģһɺԶĿɽݲϪ˱ΨһܽݿʵȪ
룬ֵһ¶ֿɽҲ̵ݰɡ
ɡᶯ飿ܶ飿
ˣȻεԵʣŴ˱е
Ǵӿʲôҹһ˵ĵϸپ︡Ϣȡز̣ӿ
¶Ȼһŭ⣬Ϊƽأ
Ѷܵͷ
ָ⺮һһѱƾɣ䣬кԥСۣƤⷭʺѪҺԼɼɭɭ׹ǡ
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ܺãԡʹӲѹȥˣվǼס˵ġ
˳ˮĶʱУ˿ڲݲݰ۷У˯¡
ʱһ΢ˮ¡尵һʱһ˫ֺȻ󣬴ųʪϢԴ
һ
СϵʹƺҲˡ

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ȥֻ֪ʱںӱߴӣڿ㡣
ӳϣĶ͡΢ļƷ˿ŵĽɫ
ֻں·裬ʱӹ࣬ϸ׷ۣع
תǳǳһЦʦ
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߹ȥһʯ¡æӣȻǰ볭֣⺢ӿǺʧ䡣
ʱΣ˿¾ЩΡ
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ȴСʱѵóһأǴδʱԵƬ⣬ģģͻˡһ굽ͷҲԲһء
ʮ죬վԭر𶯣˵ȥƬ⣬Ҹ˵ֱһֱȵڣҲûл֮ұ𸮣ҲûгԹƬ⡣
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תŵʧ䣬ʦױ׶ºһ˵ĸоһ˳ԷʹʺζҲζţǴֲ赭ҲԵøֻϧҲеڶһ÷ˡ
ͷ͵һΪ⺢һֱִڴ˵Եɣ¶Ȼһɳ嶯
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ת룬ڻþУʵȻ㲻ƽ䡣ȳ˻þΣȻҡҷһҲָܻ糣ˡ
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ڴȵĿ£ͷҧһ⣬δξ۵ĽƤζ˲ʱըζһѾ
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Ļ
ǺŵĴЦݣʤǧʡ
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΢ͣһ˲ָƽƲҪ˵ĻΪʦҪ̷ΪʦϣǱУ֤
δ䣬תҴ߿þԵȥ
ĿϵĵɲݣָᴥĹʵϧȱ˼ζҩȻô˿ʱѵã˲ݿ¯һͻ
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һŹֵͷȻþڤε֯УڤεǵΣ
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ˮоĳᣬȴôҲײˮݡ
ȥôЦһƬ䣬ôЩڤεͳͳȥɡ
δ䣬һȴžŭ𣬡ס֣Ɒɵ࣡
Ц
Ѿ֪Ҫ߳Ƭ޵Ļþˡ
ԤϵûӢǵڣϾҪˡ


51 ж
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⣬ǸݰԴбҲܳɹ
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໶ɷȥͲ豻Զߡ
Ĵ룬ָƾΨһж»صңݻҲòˡ
˽ȥӭûϳƳǽŮ̬飬ɫȴ԰ֽ·ŵڣ˶͸һ㲡
˵εȿţұüйҲǰȥֻΧЩҩȴҲѵõĻԵˣȫڵĸֻýҼܣֻε˽˭̤ˡ
άڼ䣬ĽľɫʱͣסͷתʵĽӴʱǰѵʲôҪ£
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߶ţǶλ˽ɧţҸмء
໶һ˵ţһĽľƳסԺȥ
ߵ·˴Ҵұյ໶ߵ˼䣬໶ɫȻһ䣬ɿˣǡ
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Ľľ΢΢ףȥæȥѰʦñǡ
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ǰλһƢͲãֱԡҲҳˣ治֪ôСʦġ˿ͷأ
Ľľбһۣߣĥʲôתߣļ졣
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վĻŮһֱͷţʱæſ˫ۣŮӱͶְ㣬ӯС
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ãͷֻһ
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ԡͰУˮůⴥ˺ۣĴʹ
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52 Լ
þУһ仰ͱƵòĻڤεֳΡ
ֻһӰ֣лΣȴڳˣһͷٵĳӱֻ޴ĸռݣӳǧξϸ֮··ܽȥǰ̽ϸĳ룬΢΢°벿һϸڣ䵭°Ļȡ
θһɫһ˫͸ĵƯϸĹ㣬ξãɢŷ˵ıϢ
УӸµظЩǻӰ㽫ǶɱˣҲȥþ
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Ǿ޴ĸ͵һסڣûʸǣ
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һ˿ɣ˵ʲô
Ǿۿɣ֣ϣһ㳨ڡ
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53 
ȥһҹˣǱûѵѾˣӢƵƵȿڣɫǲ͡
ߵ࣬ѭĿ⿴ȥӻôˣǱǡǿɱ˶ᱦڱʣδ¾աֻǿ˽㣬޷ֶԱˡ
Ӣһ˿ϲ漴ɫһ࣬𲻱ĵС¡һ¡
ӹһЦǽִ壡˱ִλǰλ߼ ҵȲ̽㲻ڱЩקþˡ
Ӣһ䣬ܳеȲΪҹ¡˷ûд˼ʱϵֻҽĳѱڿӺˡ 
˻വԽ˵ԽͶ·Ѿڷδ
Ĵ۽ǵббӢζڲˣΪʣ𲻹¡ֻϧεȣ˳ԣȴд뱻ǰռʵ˷ѡ
ҡƬϸҶƮ䣬ǡ˽űߡ
ɽԼܣ˲İ
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΢ǣʦ߰ɣҲȥơ֡

Ӣ˷ĹȹȿڣֻխĹȵڣŰ߳׷һƬѹѹڤε
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֪޽ӻȡһöŽı顣
ңңһӢһȾΪ֮һ
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ֻǰŵ顣̶һձɵʮޡƾ츳ʮ꣬ܽᵤԪӤ
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ˡ
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̻ɢȥһߡһߵʬ壬ͬʮ޾ͬھһڡ
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ӢһеĿЦȻֹ
תȥһһӰ첽ƮƷˡ
˵ʱӢپ׹ߡ


54 û
塭ǲѾ
ͷеľ飬ͫȻһ
ȴŻȵı飬˿̾ѹâʧôǿͨĽ顣
ָ͵ս˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
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漴ȻӦڻþ֮У򱮵ѹƣǰĶ֡
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ͣʣǳ緢ʱ򣬶㣬³е¶Լϡ
һ˿ǳϧָ΢΢̧𣬾Ҫֻյġ
ֻͷ𣬸ղסֱۣȴĮȻƿһͨѵĻȻԺС
ʵʱԼֱϻδϵĵˣʧ˷ִ硣˿ֻ̣߬ȴûȥ֣ĵһ˿ûڵɬ⡣
ʦ𣿡òֻڳɣЦӢһ޶֤ʹ鷳Ҳʦ
δش𣬺һһȺ˽أУλԪӤĸ֣
Ȼɫ䣬ҲһλԪӤĸ֣ǽҵˣֻ˵ʹ
һ˵ʲôϢ
ӢѾ⻰֪ˣ۾Ȼһ
Ǳִλϣ˽Ͻ˽ǽɱңҲк³
˵꣬ü΢ҡиǿϲֻҪܱסպδزܸ
ǣɱˡûк³ˣƺءѵ
Ӣɫ䣬ҡͷҡɱġ
Ȼӵʬ廹ڰǰأôҲͽ͡
Ӣ뵽ĥﷸֶΣһͷƤ飬
Ϊɱڣٰɱӵߵϣ˱һá
񣬾ʳˡ
ǵϣĹⶸȻϨ̧ͷ㣬ɱҰɣ

һߣĺҡ
ཫ໶£һŪ׷ʲô¡
ԭԳʷҵǰ໶໶ſһ˾ȥʷҼʷжʷ
֣˵ǰ֪һлС
ˣ໶ˣ㲻ţҲҪһԡɱʷңʷҽȴͻȻթʬ֣ŵûǣֻģ˾֮⣬תĽľȡ
Ҳô¹棬ȥˣѾˡ
໶˿̴ֻ澪ɣˣ
࿴ŵοЩѧʬĽɢޣǮġ
ĽľȴЦһʬõʷҼϣɢ޵ӿ治С
ɫ΢ͣûеļڽҲϸоֻ˳Ļʷ˶ˣʬĶûУôͲˣ
ĽľҪ磬໶ȴͻȻվ˵ҲûбԵˡˣСʬάֲ࣬ҵȥ
˵գ뿪Ժӡ
˶ˣĽľҲ磬ҲεˣҵѰˣŮʲôأҲҵ¡շųɽһԶݶȥ
ջĿ⣬Ҳݰɡ
תԺȴʷթʬӰһ̧ͷһ˫ͫ
͵һָ߬ˡ


55 
ƳȻĲʵֻǾδ¡
΢΢üƳΪҪϢسȷʵÿȴʵˡ
ƳãʱģǿһĨЦϸԷ
ü۵ʹ续ӣ͸һİ˫ɵ£һĨԵɫ㲡ԭҵĳϸ˳ˣ͵£Ժ
ϴԼ׼ǳɫʵʵؿ۵ˣڵһ˿¶
һ˿ޣЦ㲱޳췭ЩǸÿ
һԿţЩζȴҲŸͣǰֹȥ
Ƴһ˱ܿҡҡͷлλ㣬Ҿͺá
˶٣ʵؽһˣ𣿡
Խһ㶣ͬʱڣǽҵˣ
ƳǱǵķӦסæַϣǵġֻǽҵŮүҡܲãʦҡһоȥȡ
˿ٿ⸱ģ¸϶ڽұ˲ί
ЩȰ죬οٻȥֻǲ׷ߣֻѰҲػȥ˰ɣ
ҲĿ¶⣬͵ǰȱʲô˵νðǡСʦҪǺտ㣬ֻĽ㣬⡣
֪ƳǸˣü۴øͣ͵͵ģǵģǡҪĶ
һҲˣʲôܱҪ֪ٻؽңС첲Сȵģ̻˶ģ
λƳ͵¡
Ȼһ
ð죬һɵ𣬡Ҫȥһˣ

ڣæϵʿ¡
ּްڽҵŴݣȻθ֪˭𣿡
ʿҲǸʵˣԾĴΣȻҡҡͷʶֻ֪Ϊؽء
ҭؿһƣڽҺլһ绽꣬˭˲ùغһˣܹ
ָģ뵽˿δǿѹŭ𣬡Ŵǵ۾úƣҿǽҴ񣡡
ʿˣ޲ǽ峤ҲãҲգҵ޹أҲع޹ءʿһɲڡ
ԲһʿɫǻЩȰĪգҲΪİȫǣײޣ˶ȥⰡ
ֱָ£Ӣְиֶˣµ˶Ҳֻùһļǵظ֪˽֮⡣
˻Ҷδ֪ɷ򻹱ڽ֪ľ֣ٲÿݹҲˣ
һӿͻȻɳ׹⣬ֱʿȥ
ɫ䣬ųֵ෽ȴٿطһ⣬ֻ죬׹㱻ջ÷顣
Ťͷȥִֻ־ɴ˹Զ
־Ŀɨʣ˭
ѹסȻһԼҴ˵ݣԷΪٸߣҲǸƢŹ֡˸ҽŮˣֱͦղŵĻ˵һ飬п˼ָ߸ϵζ
˵̧꣬°ͣһмϣȰ磬̷ҽȥҶ˰ֲأҶڣ
÷׷װν㡪
־̧鰴ʾǰѽˣ΢΢̧ƳһסǵĸضȱʯԴôΪôͣ
ĵһЦжڽգҲֲڵͷϣҪҲֻĸʵܣ
˵꣬׽ɫŵʿ΢΢ףĺܺáмǣҪѲ֪˷Ž
ʿԣһ񣬵ֱͦǡ
־ͬһͽӰʧڽڣûֱŮˣƾʲôΪã
ΪٸߣʲôãԸǿᣬ޵ζûˣļңз۰лϥҸ
ҧŮ˶ǼǺԼΪĸ٣ؿ̿Ҳ˼主󣬲˳Կ̱
Ȼ׹⣬䵽ǰӰӰ׹߳λɫڷߡ
һⲻԸıִλ˴ԶԶһ棬ϵá
ȥŭݣׯЦ⣬ǰӯӯһ
漴תλгϣϡԼΪжǰءȴڵѵϸϸ˵һ飬佫־˵ʮɷ顣
ºһЦ˷ģҵǰΪıһ£˴˵ȶУ
ִ΢΢ü黹δ֤˭˭ǣʱۣΪʱ硣
²ãȴҲ⣬ֻװûĻתебŵùġ
õصͷʾͬУλԪӤͬʿֻ˿ǽ˽ء
Ծ˱̣һ·ϼѣδǶԺֻᶨҪǸ־ɸͷǸ
ܿ죬͸űִǰԶƼֱ򱮣¶ʱһѵӢѾɱˣ
漴ϲѣۿ־ʹıˣ
Ȼһ˲ǰصʬײУǵŵģǽҺͽˡ
Ѫɫʧⲻܡܣ
ǰºһͷȥһľеĸӱ߿Ȼʢжͷ
׻ԭأһᣬŹڵϣǺӱڻУʧʹޡ
ҵⰡ˭˭ɱ㣿ҶҪǧУ
ʲôʦأͬʱϵ־Ҳ𾪵ˡ
ִĿɨصĽʬ壬ţɵѵħ̵λ𣿡
ȴ˭Ӣģؽǽ˵ʬ壬ȴûڵˡ
˭ɱ⣬Ҳ֪
Žͷ­תȻϣϸʮ𵤸֣Ҵ뾫ڴ˴οнڴˡ˵ħˣôɱǣ
Ҫþȫһһ´˵¾ն֮µģֻһˣǾ壡
־Ŀֻ˫Уֻʣ¿̹ǵĳޣһЦˣѪˣƽ޹ʵģʦΪҪ´ɱ֣
ݺݵصһۣתݵڱִǰ
ҲһŮ֪Ϊãڿ⣬Ҷң촦λϲ࣬ΪЩĽҲΪҿĺӣѩޣ
־ɼһҧʦɱЩˣպޣΪûǣֲ㿪ڷ
ȻİĹȵڴһЦ˵أλϿһҪΪ˱ѩޣ
ѭȥȴһһӰӰ߳м仹ѺһˣͰ壬ͱס˫ȵĽӢ
ҲʱǲſǾ߱Ҵ̹ᴩʯǽϵʬ塣
˾岻ѣȴǴϲʧеӢ㻹ţ졢߶λϣǰµɱְ
һڽӢϣػأ
Ӣ˵ڵأֻ̧۶ϱִ˵Ŀ⣬Ѫɫʧ󣬡λ졢ɱģҪռεȣڴɱڰȴײƣֻɱڣվаͨȫһ֮ҪҴֱɱҰɣ
䣬סˡ
һڵֻ˭⻹Ǹķ
ˣأ˭ⱨ
ʧȥ̵Լڽѵкӹ໶ɣ
ȻǸҵŮˡԼδ˷ʯ˿۵ɢ˽ͨҥԡ໶һˣȴҩǮûУǼʹ棬ûһϰգԶߡ
ѵҲҪø໶һ³

һĨɫ͵شӵǰֺݺڽӢϣѵ㣡붪һ֮Σ
ӢһȵƫͷȥѪ˿ѾҪҲǰ衣
ŭʲôҲҴң
ɴ۾·һοǰˣʲôýȢӣΪ˽ҵĵϵѪûңûǽң
ӢԣӺ伷һЦӣѹҪڱ٣УΪҲ֪ô˹ģֻҶҲûʲôҳϣô㡣һҵĴҵķҰף
ûֽű㡪
ӢǻˣԽԽ𾢣Ҹ㣬ˣ⵱ҲûˡҪҽҲһȥһ¾ǰɨسţ
ڳδϻῴ˲ļҳһʱȻʧ
Ҳ׷ʽ£Ψִǵţϸϵʬ塣
ԱֵÿϷյߣʣʦ˵ӢΪ˾ˣѵ˾ʲôħ𣿡
ȵϢϣ΢΢һ漴ҡͷΪʦ಻֪
˶٣̲סܸףΪҪ˰ɣ鰮֣ʴǣһ˽̰֮
ԴΪȻǰ̫飬䵽ǰ㱯ҵľأ
ֻ鰮ȴҪϾ׵
תĿڰѩϣһġ΢ĳޡͦıԼĴߡ
ʦ£Լǰ㣬ָÿһ᲻Ҳ񺮱ˮһأ
޲ϣ᲻¶ܵı飬ӽĴ䣬©һʪᴭأ
ڴء
˼䣬һŭĴ󺰣Ӣȥɣ
̧ȥ֪ʱִ֣û룬һᴩ˽ӢĿڡ
ӢһȴȻһĴЦáܺãлȫδ䣬ϢѾ
סսֲѣԭӢǹ⼤Լɱ
ŻڿϷıɫȴȻһ


56 
Ӣô˵ҲǸԪӤ֣Уʵǻƿϧ
պޣִ˹
ѿӺʮʬ壬Ҵ̣ȷΪӢɱڽʮʿ˴ԣӦɱ
˵꣬ŽӢʬʹ޵䣬Զˡ
üͷȥǱߣû취
˲ִĿһݣ漴һ˿Ц⻰ѵ㻹йĽ
ɫٿȻһ࣬⻰ʲô˼Ī²˽ģȻϽ˽УսӢϮڣɱ˽λ֤֤ͬȫụ̀ڣҲϹأҲ̫ˣȴɣǶĴ治
ִĿ΢Ҵδй֮ġ
°΢ɫ⣬Ǿá
˵ĳͻУа⣺˱ȻֻȴȻ
Ȱѻ˵Ȼβûȥٸһˮ˳ưεҪðǷһ飡
˼ˣǰһִݼλϡΪţյü֪ʲô鴫
Ƴһۣ⻰˳ȴֻǸѰͽм˵
ִ⵽ϵܣݲѰ΢΢ס
ִһЦ£飬ֻεΪ˽ŴΥ˽δڱ˽Դ롪½֤ʵڵģ˴δ֣ܵѱպ󲻻˼޹
ִصͷ¼εȶɣһεʽƽڹϽպ󲻵̤벽˲˳飡
ԽԼ¶ˣаպޣת뵽ƴиƽǣҲã㰴²죬δ
⻰ֱҪ˷ˡ
ܹ˽ҵѹհһǲ˵õε鱦ءһУٲСʦĹͰ
ǹ˼ڣǼǰȥСʦ߸ףˡ
־ɸϲ⣬֪ڴ˵ϢԭΪʦбض׶༪٣֪ҴҸľǺϢ
ĿȣֹδϣеĹˣ
徲ԶԼλԪӤԴݲȡͽһ̶ƽˮ
ĵȴƱͶһϸʯ˿˿Ƶ
һƽʦҵ˵ģǸܹмڵˡ
Ҿ
ڴ֪Լĵͷ
δ˶ҡİ֣ΪԼͬʱѾⲻκ֪¡
ǰ϶ģ¶ҡԼĵģ񲻳϶ģȴͽǰ̡
ʦεǵˣ첽ߵǰֱֱָۣ⻹δȻʲô͵˻ȥ
ֻŰ壬о佱ĽɫÿҪˡ
崽ǼĹһ¡
ʦֻҪ˼ն˿ȴδңİǿơ
̧֣ǴδйůĺܺãΪʦһֱΪ㽾
΢΢һ
ջǱˮΪδ˿̴᣿ƺﲻһˡ
ףһɣΪİͽʹɾѪֿͷ­ССͣ˺ǲ̫Щ
˵һֵʱںԶĵطһʱӰٿȻƮǰ
ȴһϮɫۣ˫Ŀ񣬻ȴһͷʬ
ǽҼĪ
һ֪ҵУ
ˣض֪ң¶ѲΨλŮӰ˭룬ɱ˽⡣
Ӣп˵ǾȡԴˡĪû֤ݣҲеǰ취
οΪ͵λʹҲҪֱ档
ȻδͰ忪ڣһ
һгֱɫ԰ֽٲǰŴݡ
ֱ˿̣ᵽΪνӢֻˡ
˫ϥһڽĪǰˮӿ£ҲǹɱӢġҡҡʹ죡
ĪĬãŻ̾˿ҽ޷ýӢңȶ¡
񾪲صɴ۾ϡ
ĪȻΪӢǱں˱˰
ĪȴٿתִˣЩϷѲ񡣳ӢΪһ֮˽кϷвεӦԸԳҲƣߵ壬οӢ顣
ΪĪ鷳ģԶʱչգæˡ塢ȫ֣ʵ˵¡ţҵԻƴã㲻Ʒˡɵ˵Ҳȥɡ
Ī΢ȻһЦлϿϸϷ档ֻǡ
һ٣ĿתڰĸͽɱҪ೥£λҪ֣
ֹΪС˽ڸ˶Թ㲻ҵĸ淶Χˡ
䣬˷׷ױɫ
ʲô˶Թǽ϶ⷢӣ
ҲйˣҲɱ˽ֵֹ֪Ҫɱʿйߣȴ˸˶Թǿ²˵
ʿ̲ס⣬Īֻһɨ񾳵ѹɽ䣬޶پ亹乣ٳ
ţֻһЦΨִ΢üͷҪڣȴһ˼ˣҵȲ˾дػǡ
һ䣬һۣӲʬ׾У漴ִȥ
Īתͷ壬ɫ˪㻹ͽ𣿡
ɫ԰ףδͨѹƣȴް⣬ֻˣҲΨ̸ֽˣ
ֽͶߡ
΢
˿ˣ䵽̰ǲߣڰҲۡ
ʯ䣬Ȼ̤벽ڰǰʦ𲻱ػҡԸߣȣɱںΪβף䣬˭ʹöأ
ơ֣ĪȻһ𣬡֪Щʲô
Ŀڰ˿Ķˣ
Ƴ˵ѪѣλѶȻҲͨڽҵصװ֮ãұмĳԹ
ǰûôӴң֪˼кι˻һĪڲ֮ǰȡ
ҲûΪһ⣬Ͱװ׶
̫Ҫˡ
Ҫȴһ߬סȴ˫Уʢ˼ҪĵǣҪȥ
ڲΪʦȥ
ǣЦȴδִ۵ףʦɻǵãҰʦµԣͽѷֵʦ໤
һѪɫʧԡ
ôܲǵãȻʱǾԣȴÿһÿһ䣬ڴʹġ
ڴģպڹ棬ʦؽ̣ͬŽã֮ɢ
ʶȻӿľһ˿ĳûʹ޷ŴһѪζ˲ʱӿϺͷ
Ҫģʦûɢˡ֡
һ˲һշס͵Īǰקȥ
ĪֽӵУߣ
漴򱮣ŽʬһŰɫŨӿ˲Ϣû˳ʬ塣
ŨɢȥϿտյ·ʲôû
һж˲Ϣ֮䣬׷Ȼʶھ˻δϵľ֧Ųסڵء
һѪڵϣĿ
־ɴʧɫǰסʦ㡪


57 
𸮵ڡ
ֱƽηǱˤڵϡ
վ⣬ǵӣ޲ýƤǵҪ罫ǧˣ
ӵվתЦ⼥ڽǧУ𣿡
˹ȥϵĻҳĺúŶ˿ûкµĸо
ɫͨ죬㵱ΪҲɱ𣿡
ӭЦ˵ȻңϾԼɱĺء
⻰ݺݴʹסڣûҪɱӢ㣬㺦ʧȥû˺˹¹֮ˣ
һǷ˲Ǹл𣿡
ţʲô
˹¼ҹˣɣӴ˲źˣҲжТжĺ°΢΢Цţһޱµģûϵһر˾Ͳлˡ
̣ҵţһ죬ҪĹǣƤ
ݻ˫Ŀתȥ
ԶԶͨǱߴҰ˿ˣ
سǣˣ
ʼ磬û˼ûñллûõҪ
ˣҲ취ˡ
ϸ鿴ѺηѲ²ƣҲѹסʩչֺ
ٿͨɭϣӰء
ƺƾ˵Ӳˡ
΢΢üѵֻŵȰ
ͽϿȴ令̵ֻ̣ĸ֮¡
ǰͽٷֱ˵һƸ׵ԡ
ָ˳׶ҡ壬٣κˡ
֮һġ
ֻǣҪǻ񾳵ĽĪоˣۣȻҲС
ô鷢أ
Ǻʦ𲻼٣޵Ҫ飬ҪŲԼ¶ʹı顭ⲻ˿۸
Σ취뿪İΡ
һƵֵͨʶһһչ
ʷĽצС۷彣𴸡ն衢ڤεڤΡֻƾЩֶΣʵ𵤾࿹ˡ
ٵõ򣬼ʹ뿪ڣҲûкȥǱʼǱͷĽֻЩʵԶԶ
ζȥ
˼¼΢ĸO@ǽڴĿⶨס̵ĻҺɫʯǽ
һǽƿʯڵء̽һԲཡë׵СԴһҳ˦䣬¶һɫë
ˮƵԲ۾͵ضϷʵĿ⡣СһŶصķۺɫǰצ͵ɿͦţֿ죬󡪡һ
бɰǺЦѽ˭ҵСֹȥ
СһȴǰצסָһŤԲƨɶҪضȥ
죬ס󾱵ƤһᣬͰ̵ֻԼġ
ָɵɫëЦⲻԭҼҵС
СһԲˣĺݺݶצӣûãһҧָϣʲôС˵һԣ
ָֻʹһ£ĽľʾˣӦҲϲԭȤæЦݡ
طŵҵĲǡ⸱ģʵɰһĴء
δ䣬ĽľȻסԲһɿҧڳݼָֻСǰצŵϵëȴԽԽҡ
ѾܸɾЦŰæµצӣɫνģ
ôģҴӦ¿ɶˣӦҵأСһһϸϸǼУûʼأͻ쵽ҵĵˣ
ƽʱĽľΣ˿̿⸱Բģú˳ۡ
ڵ𣿡
Ҳ㣬ѵ𣿡
ĽľԲ۾ɵøԲˡ
˭֪ϻصεȣȴץߵϢһж
ȥܲˣòգΪԼŪҵʵ⡣
Ҫ
ءĽľһķ
һ˿ɬİûͷ
ǵǰ֮䣬ҲֻǱ潻һ䵣ĵĻû˵ˡ
ĽľԴǰëС죬ˣҸҪͰ͵ظ㡣
䱻һͷ֪ˣΨһںģĽľ
˭˭ںˣĽľĶצӡ
ͷȴһЦЦļһ¡
Ľľˣͷ˻Цǿɶ
գգۣһ˫ī۾
ľٵǰƽˣ˵˵ôң
ĽľצӲ٣̣ⷢǴӺＷģǡͦ򶴵ģҴһͨ
յǽǸȭͷĶǰһƬ˼ҪҸⶴȥֲ֮Ҳ䲻ɲôһ궴
Ľľã˹Ȼôᣡ
˭궴ˣצûģʱ򿴹ˣǿյġҴӵϴȥܴˡ
ǸԲԴһڣ⣬ľ
Ľľһ˫צ͵رסԴ㡢ʲôòᡭǶðɣҿɾ㡪
δ䣬ͱһ£ģת½һƬȵĴУǼƵһɵҶ㡣
ĽľʶԼδһ˲͸ҶˡҪ⴫ղ˭˵ô˵
䣬Ҳ⣿
Ľľͷ͵һԼӦòᱻְɣ
ͷֻһٹ˲ϵˣΪ»䣬ǰצæסĨڵϸߣֻ󳹵Ƭļϡ

ʶצᰴһֻܿعֲϲŮˣʲô
ǣԴֻһ㲻ҲӦ
ǰһƬף뵽Ҫʲôҵ÷ţϸߵצȴ£
ɾȥɲǣܵʧˣƤ͵һֻ󶼱ץס˳ȥ
һһĿԡ
ѹˣЦЦʲôأ
ĽľëըֻצڿһӲ˭ˣҪȥ˲ץסģ
ְԴǰģֲ桭ֲϲŮˣʲô飡
桱֣Ц⵭ȥֻʣһƬ䣬Ǿͽ㣬Ͻڶɡɿ֣Ľľ˵ϡ
ĽľֱˣƳɫûҷֻﵽǽǣίίʵʵצӣͷڶ
һ󣬵ϾͶ˸ͨĶڡĽľﵽűߣһ·ģ˫צʾȥ
ߵǽǸȥ¹ȻǿյģֻǺһƬ治徿ͨδ
Ľľ¸ңҰηƭסصˣһʱ䡣Զˣٰԭ·ȥ
һۣɫǴδй棬л
ĽľһͻȻôࣿҪڣ˵Ľݽ㣬øһ³ñϲҡ
Ľľ˲ʱʲôסˣһҵԼ˭ϲˣܱܲô飡
ԣ漴̧ǿë׵Դ̾ϢǾòˡ
Ľľһŵϣ漴Ծ붴УӰ˲ʱڰû
ϵ΢΢һ漴վ
ĽľΣ£סɿ죬ѸٳɲݽǽǵĶסڲڱĲݵϣϢװ˯ˡ
Ȼڵϵ˿һ
ĽľǼ˵ĸɲݺݺݳ˳δ˯õĵط

ģֻϹӲŻϲɣ㡭ÿһɰҲϲ㣡
Ľľ촽Լһ겻


58 Ե
Ծ붴е˲䣬ǰһƬڡ
ʩչĻĺһŻ档
ӳ£ֻ·һĺ̶̶һȻɵİԲʯ䵽ǿʯϣδվȣͻȻײһӰ
ֻžһʲôˤűߡ
˺벽Ļǰһ͡˲԰װɵĴ۾һ㾪̵ˮ
Ƴ
Էؿʦˣ㡭
üͷΪλ
Ľľ˵ȥĺˣôܻؽˣ
ڵϵĶǿλ
ƳæλڻУͣûĸ׵λλ㣬Ľҡ
˵ȥλˣҲǿûа취ѳȥֻǰҴҼһ棬֪Ϊα
ü΢ԭǹѺѵĵط
֮ǰƳĻУǸͲҼѪԵˣڵص궼δһ˿ͷ
Щ۱ѰŮӣȲӲǡ
˾ˣΨлţϣ
Ƴʲôطҹȥ
ƳէȻ⻰ٿһĨеЦ⣬ʦˣҲԸҾ֪ʦƣ
ơ֣ĵױһ꣬ɵԼǸ
λˣжԷ֪Լж໵һ̧ǱӳռΪ˵İЦݱײɵɢȥ¶ĵɫˡ
һվֻͷǰͷ·ɡ
Ƴ°Բεʯǰȥϻ澲ȼţΪԷǰ·
ܹʯҡҷӳʯӰӰɭɲ
֪ص׹ɭйŹֻ֣ĵü죬Ƭ̣Ϩˡ
ֻóʯ̶һ·߰˿ʯ
·ϣƳεֻҼ׽ġ
ƳһǾǻ񾳣ɽ֮ܣԸǾ͸һֻһ򵥡ѣøϽ뿪ӵԽԶԽã
δ䣬һɭɭ̶ˮߴˮʯ䣬˵񾳴ܣòǽнĪɣ
ƳϲеѣʱǰȥӰת̶ʯû밵
첽ϣʯſʯδϸĻȴڴ˿ٿϨ
ֺľһʯ
ٶȡʯ߶µȼ⣬һΣڿˡ
ʯײһĿ׶ڿռ伫ΪСһӰУתΪѡʯᾣٲȻһȻʯΡ
˿̣Ƴڿ׶ǰϸʵѣ𣿡
ߵЦЦСʯص¼ɭòõģѵƲ
ͻȻɫһǳ㲻ѵֲ𣿡
Ƴæǵģѣι뿪ΡҪѪѾ޵ڶˣҵʦǸ۸ҵүҲѾɱˣǿһ뿪⣡
Ŀ̾úӣΪ㻹ҡֻʯΣҶѲãһͨˣƲ
Ƴʣʦأġ
ĿתǿǸɫδʣҲ˽ҵˣ
а̾Ϊ߱СУ־ᶨȻҲѾ񣬲Էƽǡ
ϥأĻٿߵֻ׷һ˿Ժһƾȴʮ࣬ϥڱʯϣĿ纮̶ɣƽ
ͽݼǰ
ڣӹһ˿㱣лᣬʺáҴҪǳһ磬վʳˡ
һǰʶʦ壿
壿΢üͷǻԼļï𣿡
˲ʱȻǱʦڰǰˡ
һգüϸƼǳ鶯һ£ȴδܷ
ãŴ̾һҲǣˣ˵׶ˣֻϧ
߾ڿϧʲô
п˻ȴδܱײӵ
ȴֵ⺢ӵϣΪλһԵߣ
һʲôԵߣѵó
ߵĿ֮תƳ֪뵽ʲôȻɬشͷ
̾˿ԵԵǳ
ĪҪˣϽ⺢뿪һҪͨȡƳ⺢Ӿɵȿȣ˼տЩ
Ƴ˫ϥ򵹣ɫѹҼ֪ڵܿ࣬ôԶ뿪
һ鷲ˣʲôãȥҲͻƻʶңǶһ̣һ֣
ƳãȻؿʲô
Ĭǰǽңҡ˵˭
߶ȻԲ۾еƽ˲ʱŭȡһŮ֪ˣΪͽ֪λоŴңպգʹҲҪ֡ǰ˴ϣĸ⸺ˣ֮λֵݦǸ֣
룬ǿʳ̲СڲǺ¡ȥˣҼ㱻̲ˣҲǲܡǰôأ
ŭ壬ʶ˵⻰ҲֻǻϽͣƽװԳĬ
Ƴȴ֪ʲôлϽͣѣƳֻǸŮȴҲ˵Ŵڵͷȷʵûҡ
£ܶȻһ
ɫֻҪȻסƳ˳뿪׼
Ƴͣȴ߾侲ʵץ˽нĪǲǣ
ͷ
ƳĪ˱жӢķҲҵСҲһ֧ף֪Ƿѵıҡ
䣬ȴߵɫüŹ֣ૣӢǽӢôԭˡ
ţЦЦᶼӿˡ
桢ĵ

һߣشӵγŮҴҸˣҪ˵лʹүү»
һ𣬡ô
뵽ӢѾˣβһأǼٵģҲʧʲô˽ƭɱˡ
ǽҪһ
صԺ£ûһᣬˡ
һ£棬ЩɣλΪβĿʾˣ
˲Ҫȡ˵ţժ֣¶ľŽס
⻹ȵģ𾪵ǣ˾ȻȥʷҼʷжʷ
͵վǾǹ
ʷˣҶл»˹ʷĳѾүˣʷˣڵʷĳԹңֻ̫թݺ
񻺻˻ȥԭˡģѾҽҵУٽƻҲѷɡ˵˵лܾȻ𣿡
˶һۣ˴˶˶ԷѹֲסĿϲ
ˣڳɹһˣ
û˲Ǳˣ翴Ƿ˾ɾϰ֮ͨЯл彵ٴ˽磬һΪٻؽ̫ӻǣΪɱ
֪˽磬ɹԵʷݣתκηѹƵʣĩ׵Ϊ
ȴ˲࣬ҴҸ໶ҪҪСʬȴɽƭӺ˳
ΪҲǿдȥ
޼ƿʩȻץϢּæа룺ܵڸˣ໶᲻ţֻҪԴŽСʬء
Ҵ˷ֱܳһ˫
ǣ̧ͷ
лֻΪ൱ʿ׼˸
񣺡˼ǣ׼֮ˡ
Ȼˡ
ȴ֪˿̵ĵУûӰֻʣһλԭǲŮˣس鵾档
ϲ
ϲ
ϲ
һɲݴָǲϲ
Ľľ͵УٳһΣ


59 
ȻûüٳһΣͨǱߴһŲ
Ľľ䣬Īȥ
ôˣӦѾ뿪ˣҲøϽߡ
һĽľʱһԾǽߵĶڣҪȥһһӺݺһʹ
֫ų鴤һ£Ӱֱֱˤڵء
һӴӰ
Ľľ۾ȴĪɫվ⡣λмϣɢѹص
Ц˼Ȼֻ
һɤεؼǲôĽݼҵ֡
Ľľ˶촽뷴Ҳ֡ȴһ˿
ȻһʹԷֱץӽһС
ɴĽݼ˰ɣôҶǼҵѪжôġ
Цɣȴ塣
Ľľҡͷצץס֪ͨĽݼҡԡ
ǰֳĸױʱѪɫ˫ƵƺڶϣҪסҪκ֪ϡһѪ
ϸСצҡˣȴֻͽͣĲŭɻңʣ
Ī˲ĿͶηǸͨĵضɫӡ
һ˵ʣҪȥץ𣿡
ĪĬڴ˼
мǵ̾û뵽ȥ꣬Ȼš
ʲôãǻһѵҪ𣿡
Ͼ
Ī˵ۣĿɨڣǿҸڵˣͬյٹ⣬Զɡ
תȥ
ҵ׼𣿡
ǣ׼׵۵ļƷѱ롣
Ī̤ΣǰȻһ
ǣͳѹĳȵ˷ܣˡ
۱ӣҽ࣡

ͬʱĵصʯΡ
Ƴʧأѣ˵˭ĳˣܾȥǴȥ𡣡
ҧûҵĳˣҲҵã
Ƭ̣Żû뵽̶⾰Ҿ伣ԻͲڡҲգұ㽫˵֪
̧ĵͫлԾ˻֮С
ǰˡʱҼĸΪ黯ĩף̤˾ɽٵ첻һ֮ңϧΪشվɵˡ
ƳпԭһλߣҾδ˵¼
߿ĿڴڣҲδ˵𣿡
ȷǵһ֪¡
ҡҡͷŲ꣬ľ£֪١
Ŀįૣأ꣬ǷӣҲ֪ĸǳŰ
̧ͷĿ·͸ͷɽصʯڣٴοǰǸҹ
ԡǳУÿҹǳ֮ʱ˱ָǺӣԺͯ˵ǿǳϱӻء
Ȼǹ⣬Ĭԡ
ꡣ
һּ̧䣬ǻԵʿܣȴƫƫѹڰĵصףꡣ
˭˺֣Լ˶ԴҪ޼ĥǧ꣡
Ҳ뵽ǰĴ⽥ϧڣһ˼ǵǳš
Դأݵġ
İĵǿǵģֻޱߵĺڰ
ޱߵĺڰУһ̾Ϣ·𴩹ʱ⣬£
ĸסãδס־һҡ
õļž
ˮ
ડ
ડ
˵Щʲôȴ˵һһŵҪů⣬ȴԼһ˿Ҳûˡ
Ƴһ֣ʯǸСĿ׶סе֣ᣬѣ㷽Ų˵ǳϿ𣿵һȥ㻹ҵİǣ϶Ϊġ
̧ͷݾһ˿ӰĻϲ𣿡
Ƴ֣صͷĸ׻Լĺأ
˵ţ˼֣δ˵ƴڴǰҲŵԻĸʲô֪ȴΪһλ
ӻóһľƣ˶ż֣ĸ֮λƳ
ĿԽºͣúӡ
ĸ׵ļһ㶼ãǰһĻǲʣֱ廰ǰҵġǳΪλᱻʯأ
ɿƳ֣̾˿Ҫ˵λˡλá÷ѰҲӲ÷ԴС׽
УҵߣĸȻҼ̳м֮λԴбңȫ׷棬öӲԡ
ֱĪɻ飬¸жӢǸ㽥ˡʱҶ귽ʮʸңģ䣬ͻӢƽƽŮΪһжûʸм̵ͳġ
һΣ׶ñԹ˵ŮУжӢδѡƣǳ̫Ϳ˵Լ˽ĪһʱͷҪ罫ĪϳңûõжҲһ𡣿ɷȴԥʼջˡ
ʱֻǲҵˣʲôˣһʱɱΣվҲҲ֮ûзϡ
˭֪ʹ޼飬һģ粼˾֣ҽμ֮λǰҹĪıѰ󵽵ΣҽҴɫʯϵѶֻýɫʯ֪һõɫʯּʯҵͷѹ֮ұ㱻صס
ƳǵŮأǷŹô
΢׽㶼ұѣôŹжٱĊŮأ
ɫʱңֻҪҷ֮λѶʹֶκȴҲԸ䣬ֻԺδûз֮ա
н¶ֳտʹɫҵˣȻ˵㻰ġֱռǲ֪ǸסԾѪϣҵѶţҲŲˣ
͵ָ֣̽繳ס׶Եֱ
кⷭ˻ƣôңôҶ𱨣ĸӻȴͱĸһôӢɽӢҹ͸ңռȵ꣡
ֱˣĸ׻ţֽɱˣ
߶Ĵڵص׾þõػصš
мմҹŭٿػص磬֪Ūķŭ
ʱʱ˵ľǺأ
ĵȼͬĳޡ
罥ĿȫǣҪǰУܱ࣬ҵؼҵ·
̧ǰڵʯڣʣɫʯǰɫʯ֪ƿİ취
Ȼ֪Ҳص״ˡ
ƳѺۿֽס֣ѣ϶а취ȥģǸˣһ뷨ӡ
˼Ƭ̧̣ʵɫʯǼӦ̺ԣп飿
ҡͷɫʯഫǧǰʼŮﲹĲкѲɿӦû飬ҲܶԻʶӦֻһˡ
֪޷֪Ϲʶ㽫ʯϵ˻
ƾ֮ǲƿɫʯоȳˡ
תƳҪѵͷ뿪ȴһ
ʦˣһа취ģԲԣ
ƵݣӲģһ
˿˿ڱߵĻȥ
һü˼Ȼ뵽ڤͨ
΢ǣҲһӿԡ
ʲôƳͬоһ

Ժĳ䡣
һģƳһڽ𸮣Ĳ𣿡
ס򣬡˵Ҫͬչ˹λѸǾڴ˴ȵȰɣأܿͳˡ
̾˿Ըˡ治֪Сʦ㽻ˡ
ȴ벻⣬Ц˵Сʦ㣬ûưסһǵ˵һ飬а취ʹģʱһšδزˡ
౻һЦˣǺܻܿˣ
δ䣬Ȼһɤ˵ʲô
ϵЦ˲ʱסתȥ˪ѩݣ
ڡ


60 ͽ
ǸղŵĻ˵һ顣
Ȼܿ˲˼֡
ѽ¶תαȥʶеĳľָֻ
˿̣һĮȻؿζˣɫ˪·ǰǸεȽסͽĿǵ˴δڹ
֪εȷ£ݣֻη塣
ſڣҷ˵˵֪ûлᣬػš
䣬Ŀɨ࣬˵
뿪ڱ⣬ȴ͵ס䣬򵹡
СʦĹǾмӣʦšЩЩڿЦСʦҶа֮ģ
֮ģ
һ֮ġ
徲עǰλ˽ڵͽ׻һĨ⡣
֪˽ͬй
ǲ˵Щ־䣬Ҳǵÿһ֣Ķ߻ص
һ飬а취ʹġ
ָ⽥ɵĺ˪ǽ
νģʹĵİ취
ǵ½Ӣһ鶾ƭô
׼ʱҹײԼ̬
ڻþ¶ǡôĴʹô
ǹԼĪץߣȥǰ˵ʲôɢƭĶҡѪô
ͽǺĻ
ΡϧǡԭһЦ
ĵʱпй־η
˫峺ĿԼʱľǳ羴ǡ
ֱȥ
ζϣǣٽӽ
ǡζ˵Ӧ¡
Сվһתȥ
˫Ŀ
ʶӿһȻסѹײ㡣
ۣްֲλĵ
ڴʱƿ£־ɴ׷еʦ㣡㲻ܶǰң˵ȥɣ
̧־ɣָʶսһ˲
֪˼Ҳδı⡣
յͽʹͽҲֲҵ
־ɵʦãңڸҪ㡣¼֪Ҵȥء
΢٣̶һ
־˲ʱסδӦѴ̤˽Ҵš

ͬʱۼǰ㳡ϡ
޽üֺ꣬¥εض𣬷̽ǣʿϣÿһ㶼Ž˵ĻֱߴΨһ񣬵֡
գǰģϹʮĿڹľ
ľ·ӲĹ⣬עӵ˽Ծò
ŮʶվԵĽעһУֻ˲ͬ˴ͷɥȴЦŵġ
ǵĸ˵һλоŴңպգԶĽҿɱȡ
ϧμʺ󣬼ε񣬽ҵиĪܣ洫ġǳҲ˽ҡ
ĪҰĲ꣬㽫ɴλĸĸǱҵ޴ա
ټһңԴ˷ֱɢѪ㡣
ֻʣһ֧أڽӴӰǿգ뻹Ի͵һա
ʶ֪׮𣬱һֱ̿ǳϣһմܽҡ
ΪͬѪᶮ־ȴ϶ԷԸںլ׵üŽҺЩһѹŮӵ־
ͲǸŮˣҲ
Ǹͽ
ˣ֪ںˣӢͽ⾹˫˫˿̾ڽǰĹľôܽأ
ʶ֪Ҫװֱ˵ӣǹɴĵӿĿ⣬ȴôҲѹסĻȡ
ЦһֱάֵĪĳ֡
ùŹֵǣȻʷҵˣǲѾ
ȴĪֶ˵ʶӢ˵˵Ϊ帰ҫپġ
Ƭ̣ӿһ񲻹ʹٿ꣬ҲʤĪ
ңľҪϢûʷĺУ֪
治İ
ǵѪǱҪ֪ҶҽҵˣḶʲôۣ
Ī˵ڼصص㳡
˱Ѫڣȵڸۣ
Ҫʲôۣһ纮Ȼ𣬽ڳеס
תͷȥȴһʿӹ㳡⻺룬΢Ⱦ˳
Ⱥվ˱ͦѩ
ǰ˱ִλǰ׿ڳϣǽӢΪһ˽εΧңɱ˽ȡôյ˽ңֻһ˵ǣ
䣬һһȴɱ֮͸㳡
һʱ侹֪ηȫһƬš
Īɫ΢յĴȱƣһЦʮĿڹľڴˣҪҽƱ磿
漴ˣ͵һ䣬Ȼˣ£
ǰ˿ϰˣ˽ҼϣСļмλԪӤĸ֡
ˣڽĪµ˲䣬ϰٵѹ˲ʱɽ𣬸ɫϼ⽫ϷնȾɫ
ΧδԶ౻һ㶣Ȼ졭Χ˭
ͬʱͽԶɽϵ־ҲȻ̧ͷʦ㡪
ּ̧ɽҪҳȥ
ڳͽƴסȥˣȥݽңھûˣ
־ɫƬ̣վǽɽҧߣȥסţԷҴ͵Ϯ
תʱٻһ۽Ϸ⣬ͷ΢졣
ʦ㡢ǿһҪƽ
ǰʶסսĵĨӰĸ߸
ǽҵĳˣǱҵĶˡ
ԣǧ䰡
Ȼһ˲ǰӰ㱻⻪ûˡ
ʶͣˣһӹӰıɫɽ׷׷ɽɢ
漴»ĺâ˸ֻʮСڰ˲ϢһĽױ˽˵Χ
ʶδӦʲôӰˡ
һֱȺֻ֮ô˷ըҽС
̼䣬ַɽ䶼˲кɢһءŻڵһޣ˿̾һվ
ͣʮںɫľǰ̧ĿƽڽĪϡ
ڣҵͽ㽫ںδ
л˵
ҵľдˣȻʦͽ[]
оҺ̫ϲ[]
ᾡһ㣬ӿ


61 
Ī˲˰ֺɫȻһ
ԪӤĩףҲĵҰô
ܺãȻȣ˿ɱҲ
⻰ʵˡǸձɵͽѾնԴǰˡ
δ䣬ּ򱮣ӭǣֱ񷣬Ȼڽø¥֮ǰӿѹϯ˲Ϣҡ
ٴθоǹϤ͸УתȻ
Է״˵˲ңԲţȴֹסһ
ˣɣ
˸ʮڱǽЮƣĪ̶ȥ
ǽıѪڣ˽һƽʱڣԵʱɷֻʮ⣬ɱ󡣷ǵðڵʿԳʮ齣Ľꡣ
ɶ񣬽򱮵ѹ£ֻڷš
ɽĪԴ߶ȽӢʩչʱҪֲ
Īֻ̧һһ˲ʱʵʮ⾡ס
漴ϸ¥ն޷Զ˫ֽӡȻ߶ǳ
ɲǼ䣬ҹ
һɼǿҵǳѹȻϷ
ֻϿǧǻԷһεָţһĽɫì˺ѳգŰȻ׹䡣
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ԪӤ뻯֮սͲһССԸġ
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˿Ǳǵݲˣƿȶôᶨ
֪еľᣬֻΪԼǰաȥǰ˵ʲôɢĻ뻰ŭδŶԼ㿹ܡ
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֪ãɻֻǱԵʣ߾أǵ¡
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˿̿УܵŮӶеԺоֳҹӨס߻ħô
ʱǼĬץס󣬵ͷΪ
˿ȴûѹͷǷݼ¶
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˿̵ĽĪˣ屧ߣ侪ŭѣȴҲ˲ˡ
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ŭǸʲôҲڽҷ
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л˵
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θ߳едᾡ[][]
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62 
ʵ㡭ѵ㾹ϴУ
ԭ㻹ǵãֻⱳ֮ͽѽʲôأ
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ʶɫһĬƬ̺󣬲ŵԴսǿԼжΪֱҼŮĸԲãδҳˡ
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ĪʱŴлع˼ԼΪԶУ֪ԷǳȲᶯĺá
ȻӰշ䣬¥һǣϲɫһսʤˣҲ٣϶תظ
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ĪһЦǿȢôȥϺˣҽңĸԸ
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ѣŮӸǣҵͷƫƫΪʸӢȨƵλ巴ԣȻ˽ҡ
Ϊ踺ءڵ߸ҲͰˡƫƫֻԼٻ٣
ٿȼŷŭĻ档
ˣ㴦ѹңȴһζУдѵѵŮӣҪǲǿʤֻʵʵֵַȡˡµһУΪ֤Լ걳ѵȻ޽ңûд
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ȴһʩֻרĒŻеë׵С
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л˵
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63 ߱ĸ
ĵ˵ⲻܡ
ѾͷͬһѪǳһĨǿȴھЦ˻ƣѪҲ߱ĸһӱ߱ĸ
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64 
Ƴ߽ΣǰȻ
ϵ͵ϸţ谵ĹâҡҡλΣµӰҲҡҡλΡ
ŲڵϣȴǲƶˣƮ
һϣκڴҲû˰ںôʲôأ
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ѪǺ˴򽻵뵽Щúƣۡ
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65 ˭
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ҪҰɱʱһҧĲʹ䵱
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ɲǼ䣬һ΢սдȫָ΢΢Ųûȥ˵塣
Ĵһð
һΣղأ˵ģС˽ĳλү°ڣ˵õ˺ѵ
˺С΢޽ԼĴڸУܻһӰӣĬԣע⡣
δõӵ಻׽ǶůĿȴ˵ıܡ˿̣Ҫסһ㼡ůĳ嶯ǰδеӿ
ƳԼԼҵĺһ̣ȴסֺ
ֱһֻסļ򣬽ƿ˼֣Ҫˣҿûʱ档
Ƴʱ֣˽סԷѹȥ˳ƽֵ
ĿԣӳԶԼ侲
ܼ߳ˣ̵ԷؿڣҪġ
Էû˵ûж·ȡ
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ʱ국Ĵϣ΢΢סһ¡
ഥζȱȸճƬ⻹Ҫ𣬼˳ԡ
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Ī˻ʿ磬ҵ˥ҲƱػӰŴڵĸ֣¸ס
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ˣڴϰУʼնδҪԼعֱӲƽҵ¡
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л˵
ˣvsƳѡ˭أ[Թ][Թ]


66 
мЯֳֹ֣ܣһ˰㣬¸ϲ
ЦѰ㲻ҾͲ㶨ȥοƳ⺢ˡ
ֽĿתƳʵƳɺЩˣ
Ƴڵбܾʧ䣬ϵǰǾ䡰ƳҲͶԵ
ɵÿδ˼ ֺȻԷǣסŲȣʮָۣ
ǳЦϣƳã˭ǽ㣿˭ã
Ƴ΢һսԽֱָĿڡ
˶εģش
ֱеʻŻعӦƳѵˡ㿪Ѻöˡ뵽ڣδ֮˵
΢΢ףתҾ˵ͶԵСԸΪʦܸͬ˰ɣ
ü΢ӦĿֻϣʣҪţͶң
ܿߣƶͽ֪п²ˡĴһգʦҡ
˵ţɿǣƳ֣ߵǰ˫ϥء
룬ȵʱͷʦִãʦڣڹʹҡͽԸ췣ֻʦͽʹȥ
ƳȻأͷһĿͶС
ȴɫֻҪ
𷽲ڹ㳡϶ľ棬ֻԼס˿̼ȥ֮вŭӿ
ֻ꣬ϰ߽һжѹ²Ծɵġ
Ŀ䵽Լ侲䷸´δؾͲܸġʱϻͷһпء
̶ֵֻҪϸģΪʦԽ²¼㣬Ϊŵļ̳ˡ
仰жһ˲徹Ϊֻ̳ǲ֪˺δʦͽҪֵѵĵز
漴˼ʦ꣬پԼ˾٣ʧ
ֻǻأ͵̧ͷֱֱ壬ͽ˵ʦҷǡɢҲƲأ

⻰˶УֱƵĿԣȴҲҪĸףʵھĶǡ
ɲǼ䣬ʶγʼһĳľӳճһŶݡ

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˵꣬Ȼת̤˲ϢӰѻһ⣬ݹԶȥ
Ķӡ
ڵϵδֻǵͷȥ˿ĵطǼعһ¡
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ҪĵΪҡҪĵ𣬶޷ĥ㺡Ҫⳡ鰮Ϸ԰ıٲճ
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˼ˣϵЦ⵭ȥָа
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Ըңȫɹ۰ʦͽŵΣֻ´վǲɡ
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67 ج
ĺ򣬺ͥԺڷһˮףʯ籡Ź
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һޱվڹײǰŹײȥŵҡ
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˳˳ˮԴүСʷ鷳һоͶתֱˡ
໶ϴ棬ĴвҵѴʵǮ͸ڣӻǸŮĹķƵʯסСʬֻѰ˵е˿꣬ʩС긴
ΪˣòҹڽСĹľǰԱ⡣
ܾýСΣǸľګʿԣҡһĸͽп϶й
ϧһſͣ΢ᣬСʹϧҲ޷ˡᡢǰ;޵ĺжʵ˶
ţԺǰٵĽŲֻ໶ɫɷ׵ĺдҴ߽ɵĿ¶ɻ󣬡ˣλǡ
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ڣͣǰΡΡ̧ȾѪ֣ȴЦź˱˵֣

1.ȫҪ
Ҳǲԣٺ[]
2.Ҫʦϴڿ
ôϴڿأ[]
ʦϴڿ㻹࣡
3.Ҫϲ
ĿǰûУĿǰǲ̸ֻ˯Ů
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68 
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໶ִýȰ裬һƿˣ㿴˽С泹ûһĻ
һ˲漴һĺУСҵС
ܲ˵ʬ˫ַһȥǲ䶯ŵ档
໶ΪվѪ֮壬Ҳֻ˲յ蹦һ㱡㳹ɢ
Ⱥһͣ漴ӿֱ۷ϡ
ת˲㱻䶯İɫ溣û
ʱ໶źеȾңһ
Ҫǰȣȴһ˹ȥ
ˣұԾ㡣ֻǣСɱģ㣬ֻתͷҪѰ𣬻ǲȵĺá
໶⻰ӹ˲Ȼ
ԭһʼƭ
죬ȴ䶼˵ڣеĹ⣬Ȼʧˡ
һǳ֮ɵĹжĿڣ˱ҧʹ࣬漴ɢǹ⡣
ջ֣ڣȥˡתߡ
ƳջعƳ棬
־䣬вɵһŵĶԻҲԼ³֮䣬ȻһμĳԹ
˿࣬ĪȰƵĵ֪ġοСʦǶء
վֻǳ̾һĬĬȥ
泱ȥľ߰׹ǡ
ҹɫ٣¹ش֦Ҷ϶ڱеĿݵİ׹ϣ䡣


һȣڵϵһźݺ߷ڵء
⻹ϰͨսޣһӣйڵص˲ʱѿƤ
ˣһжˣϰͨûеĴȣһͷޣڷ跢񲡣
ǹڵϣҴһ
ȻϰͨɫһɱֻҪˣһлصء
ǻæӦǣ
ϰͨһ߹ȥʲôǣ㵹˵˵ôɱ
һ飬վ˸Ӧ
ϰͨܲڵǰⲽ취취ӹ۽λ
ૣѪ˿
⡰˾λľѪģִ½Ȩģ
٣֮ǰô˵ҲðϢͨ

صڣûȥУҲδƳ䣬ţֱϴ˯ȥ
ȲҩҸ𣬲ʱ䡣ڷ̫ˣֻƣʲôҲԸȥ롣
ǣֻǻɽǸʽͺˡ
ȴʱⲻɵ಻תһжҲزǰˡ
֪˵Ĺ𣿡
˵ʮִʮֻءϸĹżϼţܼʮ֮̽Ѱ֪ʱܡֻǧǰ񣬱ִܸ˵ͨˡ
Уּ˷
ϣԽȪ˵ЩʱϹŴ˵
Ϊϸ飬ӵǧĺ嫵伮Ϲţ䡣
ʱɽۣ֮䣬ƾ棬ֹˮ
Ȼ粻Թ۲ƽɺأԷ֮磬½˷ɵ뢣飬ȴɼĩе΢ĩСɣֵһᡣ
˼˼ĹأĹء
뱻ڽ£ֻƾˡ
ɽʵҲֵڡ
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ҲΪǷ͵յɱֱ֮ڽҵǷϹɫʯףʹûյ̫ҲҵɣΡ
ͷβ˷
еķ֪
˿ϣԲĿңԶδ
ؽţǧǰݴѣӲϢˮĲֹʼŮ洲Ϳ̿ɫʯ졣
򼫱Ԩ֮£ҹĶڤ˺ʯ
ɣۣ֮л˺ͣ˳ʯ
¹֮У˾ʮˣʯ
ڤ֮ϣִֻص˾˰ʯ
ս֮ϣս죬˻ʯ
Դˣɫʯɣ޲˼»ָ̫ƽ
أ
仰ʣǳ˯ɫʯе飬ڲǧ󣬷ʡ
ٿһзգǰĻȻ飬һƬʵĻ硣һɫӰǰ
ʱڵǶɫʯ޼ƿʩڤεġðһԣȻǱξС
ɫʯһʣԼӷϹŴ˵
Ůﱻ˼л£ǲ彵ɱ٣ս󣬾ƻ裬Ϊ׵һԴͳǧꡣ
ѽɺԣԣɫӰһɱߵϢվס
գֻһƵ̾ϢˣȨ򡣶˽׺ɣҲһ飬ӣ¡ѷҿɸġ
ţŮ洲ʯ֮鶼Ҫ۵Ȩ֮£кѪأ
ҧƫҪ죬أ
ĬãӰΧӰδ
գǧ浭ȥ鷢һĵƴ͸ǧĹ
ѸģȴҲȫ޿ܡȳŮϢξǺϸһԵԸУóԸ
µ˲䣬õɫʯִֵ
⵽ĿɫʯִֵƼѷ
<Ŀ>
ɫʯкϹŷ
壺δ֪
䣺δ֪
оȫ
磺δ֪
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹δ֪
ͨɽָԴѲ⣩
оʲôûΪɫʯҪͨ
ʳڣһºϢƳξ
ٿ˫ۣͷӳ
ǰæžУδϸ롣ɴ˿̣ĻһԺлصȻʶһµʵ
ΪλᱻŻɽСΪλܸʧְأΪλѡ΢ĩСɣȥСʯ
ΪΣǰΪʧСȴԲϷŹ
ΪΨһ̣ԽСĺŻﵽ۷ô
ôʱӵиϵͳĽСϵõʲôأ
񣿻
ɫʯὫͨиΪ
أǲһʼͿ
зһЦ
ԭ˰
۴ϿһԸ⿴δŻٰѹ
ҪеĲǸƸ߸ʵ򱰱޳ۣܵ
л˵
ָ˺ܷʵһ£ȫǾ飬ǰķ[][]


69 
ü˼һȻǰŴ
ˣҵ˺þá
ĽľΪʲô⣿
Ƭ̣ԼĽľӽĪоߺ˻ԣԼͽ£С
ʱ¾ųԼһ֣ȷ
ôڣ
Ľľѿڶôȥ
ɫ΢죬æߣ͵£˵ˡҪңұ¡Улл㡭ҡ
˵᲻š
ɫδ䣬лǲ˵潻ȡˡ
Ľľɫ˲òҵ
ڵʱεԼǰ֣Դǰ⸱䵭ӣֱˡ
Ľľʵ֪ԼмϲСĽݼҳ󣬴û飬Ψ߲ȵͣѧźֻᱻ˺ݺݲȽ
е˼ζԸһϣȥ˼ʲôϲһˡ
һΪݣֻûЦȴ֪һգԼݡ
ŻȻϲ£޵ԣҲɲ˿ơ
Ľľ˽ȴֻԼ˿̾һġ
ĿϣԾ˼֣ǡ㲻õ˵ɲݣҪѽĸҩˣ԰
ͷҩ°ɣ¾ͲˡֻڵĹͽ̫ãվףȻȥɡ
Ľľ˲ʱȻƬ̣ڻ̲סʳ˿ڣ㲻ϧײҲҪңΪǸƳ԰ɣ
дɻ󣬡˵ʲô
װɵҶˣ
ʲô
Ľľװɵ˲ǰҲˣװ֪ʵ򲽲ΪӪ
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˵ͬʱ֣͵ؽ쳶
ȻؿڴҧۺȻӳһ͡
ɻƫͷأҲҧ
ĽľɫٿǺ죬㡢ô㣿
߷߲ѵķӦЦˣǵÿԡ
ζľ㣬ѵǵһʶң
ָ״Ʋطĳݺ̧ۣĽľʱǲϸСĹӡ
Ľľһһ¿ˮ˵ʲôȴڴ˿̱ˡ
һѹס֣£
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϶ˮӣȻģԶԼֿտյҪϸġ
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ӴĽľӰʧ⣬һƬ䵭
ϲĽľֻǿпãλɰķϣŴӦ˷ĪץΣȷʵȡ
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̧Ƴ΢΢ɵİ͸ϲĹâ
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ֽӹӣ԰ɡ⣬ԺҪˡ˵ĺҡ
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һ㱣ͼеķĺ
ԲҪǽҰ𣿡
ϲеЦǲǺô㡮Ե׽㣬Եɲͬ
Щ£˹ţһʹƽϣɡ
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δٹȣֻǴ˿ûʲôθڣֻԶ˶ӣΨһϲƣ˼ڡ
ƣиʱ̡ǰҪίߣΨд˿ƳΪٵıѣֻΪģԷſһУʲôҲȥ룬ѵƽ
ͬƳһʰꡣ
ƳѾʼϰķͬʱҲûз¡Ѫ
ҪԷЩҲι
ЩƳĸȤһȥŵЩ
Ƴǰס˷Ƴ涼߹ţǽ¡˴ԺӣٳһңЩƳ档
ӣĿɨľϳеĸɫеĹƳСеĹƳӼ̶Ľ
ƳЩƳӣǺͯչʾİ߰㣬Сһܣƽ͸βס˷ܡ
ҲΨʱüݣڸֳʻʹˡ
𵱳εȣԼϵǶƣʣΪβƣ
ƳϵİΪʳҺķ˰ʱ⣬Ҳֻһԡ
룬԰Ĺ֮ߣ²ųɹһ룬±ض±롣
ƳǱһ԰ɣô
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Ƴ涼ˣޱģ뿪ҡ
ˡתƳֺס
Ų΢١
Ƴ΢΢սǹʳ˿ڣ㡭Ǵƣڰ𣿡
ת˪⣿
ƳĿ̵΢ۣʣǲϲ˿ȴʣҲˡ
ʹΪ΢Ƴͽ׵ĹƳ棬ֻ¶԰á
޷ˡ仰ת߳˹ҡ
գȥУ˰ʦ顣Ԥϣδǿ˵⽫еĵá
һܺɹ
ҲʱǱҲ಻ס롱̻ڡ
ԺеȺ򣬡ǰѶʶʵʦ㵱Ҫڣô
ЦǳȴһƬƽʦֻ֮ʦҪͽͽʦĵ
ȴ˼¸䣬û뵽̶ʱ䣬治硣
ѵںҪԼڣ˵ڳϰԼҪͷˣ
֣а취Ӧ
û뵽˲ǰ塣
ԺеȺģ۷硣
һɫűոˡŲתһĨº͵Ц⡣
ʦã
ĨиɻļЦڿ˵˲䣬Ȼ̡
л˵
лӵӪҺ͵[][]
ܻϢһ죬ϲõȸŶ


70 

۷ĿϣƱסˣҲƲ
ʦڣε֮Ҳδȥš䡷Ժȴʱ޿̲뵽ʦá뵽ҹ»Գһ̨ΪĽᣬðսһĻ
˼ɼսݡ
ʦϷն˿ʦõĸ磬Ҹȥˡ
ǰʦ˵Ҫڣʹ˺δ
ȴֻܶչˣڳѩǧ׷嶥ոʦҲ
ʦʵ޷ǲһˡϾ֮УΨʦùϵΪ׽ʸ
۷ȴΪʦж
ֻΪ
۷ȴδ뵽˵ĵһ仰ǣʦǷʦ֮ץһȥĻذɡ
۷΢΢һǱУۡ
һֱΪʦôãȻźһ˼ֻǰڹ棬ҿڱŸҽžס
ЩӣΰûڣΪʲôʱʦûشܵһӦԸܱ֮
֮ǰԺԤط龰ʦûỶϲسסίҪ˵˵ݵɬȴδ˿䵭롣
۷羲ԼޱɬȻѵʦþΪҲվ𣿡
ʮ⣬˵ҪңʦҲվߣ
۷ɣȻԸң
ס˭۷迴жأԸΪţεºܣֵʦΪأ
ʵʦ㣬㻹ϲ𣿡
۷ʵֱףһӭĿ⣬ǡֻûĴ𰸡ţʦҲ
ȥʳǾ尾ѾõĻʦãأ
ʱֻ÷紵ڴֽϣ졣
۷ųĬĽ˹ȵס
˶ҪڣȴԷȻվˣȥʦ㵹Ȳɡ
Щ𰸲˵ڣȻ
۷ԭΪԼ̹Ȼܣܾնһɴ˿̣ǵʧӰ絶
һɳ嶯͵ӿͷ׷ȥסǸʧҰеӰþȫ
еϰʩԼһźãԼҪܵõġ
գֻǴţָǶģָס
۷Ϊһ߱ҲֱſڴŲϲ̧ȥȴһɫڸڹŮӣŲյ˽
ǡ
ӻƳã½㻽ȥˣΪӷ衣
Ƴò裬յƵ۷ǰ
۷ӹյлظմߣδ£Ƴʵӿ֪ʲô裿
۷綯һ٣ɻ̧ʲô
ƳЦᣬʵ㲻ϲȲ裬ңûʲôò衣ֻΪɽ⣬Ҳϲ
Ŀ۷вյϡ۷翴˫ɵĴ۾͸һ˿еĻϲ
˵ϲģҲϲ˵ֻҪңһֱ
ӣǽĻشô
۷˵һŲյ˲ʱס
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ŲյĲҶðΣһԼˣл֪
յͷһҶ£һɬ⡣
డ
વһ죬յϡ
۷̧ۿƳһĨЦлƳ衭ܺá
վҪ뿪ֻԼٴȥҪʧ̬ˡ
Ȼһ˲һǿҵѣθ͵Ϯס棬ǿվˣŵؿƳ衭
δ˵꣬ǰѳڰصϡ
Ƴߵࡣ
Ŀⰲ۷֪޾ϣ̾ϢӱңҪ֣͹㲻ðˡ
˵ţóöƳ档ǳ治ָ׸ǴСͨѩӨףΨĿڴһѪ졣
Ƴ۷üġ
Ƴ˿˿Ƶİ۷ѸٱƳ롣ǲ㺣ڴ˿̱Ƴ̰ʳ
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ɫѽ԰ףૣˣ㲻ٰˡ
ָ۷üȥҪջǶԹƳ棬һȡ
Ƴתȴվűߣ֪ѿ˶ã˲©һġ
ˡ

ˣɹ
ڼžͭȼţӳŽש̾͵ĵ棬Ӱ
׸ϣɫĻ䣬һӰţϰûӰУΨһشڷϵ¶
ͳԸߴѹ£ȥһˣȴֶ飬ֻ˽ʬ׵ԭ򣿡
ִͷˡ
øͣܣδܼʱϵ½ҲδܽӢŴ䣬ңѳ׸ˡ
Уϣ۷ֵĶһ١
ӰдһζĵŴڸñһˡ
ִһֵ⣬յλͽ»ɣųУһƶ˽ҵĸ𡣡
ӦѼִ⻰ֱ쿪Ĵ£ҿҲԽᵱˡ
תʵڲΪǣǶ꣬ȻУҲǷвѸơΪ֮׷ħ𣬴ħˣǧѷӻϳϢֻ˽ա

Ļظ֣ڴݼζʲô
һ˲ǵӰȻվֽĻһƿ¶һˮ
ɵ̧ۿ¶ʱȴƴź˲
ǹһĨ¶ȵĻȣħȻץҲ׷Ź
ɫ˲䣬˫ϥʶһͨ˵ϣ򡢷ˣô
ָ̧˸ޱ˿չˡԽһӦ񣬽Ҵơô

ӷ˵Ѳħ䣬ȴͻȻͽ˳ͻεȴذܾˣһڡ
׽ħ޵£ȻͲ֮ˡ
Ϣ˿ɲҺڣħ̡
ħħʧġʿѲý뾳ֱӵϢһʱǱ룬ħͷ
˿ڣʵΣաһݱ¶δָΪֻӦΧ̽˶ڲټ׷飬֮ụ̈ʥ̡ˣҵȱģͼҵ
˵ӰִָǣЦϼգһˣҪһʥ̡
һʽʥҪһԱ𣿡
ӰҡͷЦδԸ⡣ĸͽƸֱֻ£Ʋʥ̽ġ
Ŀ˸˷ܵĹâʱ׽ëַˡ
޵Ƕ֮ȴƫҪͽ°ʥ̣ʥ̺ڲûʲôԩ𣬾һ£ֻҲҪˡ
ת룬ծ˲ʭӶ˲ʥ̫࣬Ҳһڡ
ֻУĬĬλҵӰˣ˭ƫƫʥأ
л˵
һθ
ǰףԪ[][]


71 
ֻƺɫȸϢķεʱδϵԼƼ⵨սľһĻ
ֻеڤε˿̾չɫ衣
ȲժҩʿڵȺ䴩żȻͣפͣеĴ׷źϷЦڹص
ȸëҪըˡ
ѹΣٿشխȡʯڣֱĹǧǰ¡
Ŵ˲䣬ѻΡ
ɫǡڱס壬ͷԸһɫëһĶһͷƺɫͷżưëޱ߻żƬ
岻ϲΣʱȸִرż
ô干˹ȥк𣿣
δ£ڤȸǰֳΣ˳ĴᴥĶԷɣ֮۵ʹߣ壬ʺá
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ȸţģĻҲŵģ
ҧҽǰΪ٣Ǳɣۣ֮µķ˵Ǳ˾׷顣ο֮̽κѶңӼϰһëݸ
ӹëĹ
Ϲʥ壬˺Ѳ죬ִԡΪ干ȻѪѣֻ
Ҫ֪һܵһö˵˷˵ʧӻķһ壬Ҫһ㣬ӴΪ˵ˡ
͵ĵëǣұػᷢȫ֮Ѱط˵
ȸ˵ͷüԽţ˿̿޺˲Ϣ䣬ɲ
˵꣬ͣһ»ȸתͷĹȡ

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ǣȻɣɵĹƳС£УӦ˿ȶϣҲˡ
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ˡ
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𣬱ϴγĻҪ
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֡
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ĽľߵһƧĽ䣬ͣ½ŲɿѡĻڵء
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ĽľǸȫˡ
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֪ݣôô飡
ۿŵѿ״Ļ̧ŲȥݺݵҲŲϲ㣬һҲ

ڣ긲ѩǧ׷嶥
ڣ˪Ե壬Ŀ䣬Ǳתš¼
Ȼһ˲͵۾һ˿Ѫ
ǵա
޷ת¼ĵա
Ǿ䡰ʦҷǡɢҲƲأʶ죬һһ䣬ߵĵġ
ԽǿѹƣĵķɱԽҡ
ʶдȼţľӳһƬ죬渡ֳǳǳ΢ЦĿһǰƽִһ˿ļµĹִ
ûɵģٴҹһĻˮѹֵĴϢħ֮ȥ
ʱδ˿ȴƲסȥ룬ʱͽϾʲô飿
ͷһ֣㳹״ݿǣǻԭһİǿҵĿУشȫ
һƬţֻѹֵĴϢ
ãָӴȡһ
һöµ塣
עУһԽڶ
ɲǼ䣬ǧ׷Ŀຮ¼ţ糱ˮԶȥˣڻþиܹļů⣬ס

һѹֵġʣӰǱҧ÷׵Ĵߣɢ
ѱ飬ֻʣһƬ롣
л˵
Ҫ[][]
û
Ȼϲǵ˺ܶ࣬ԭѡĹɾ֧[Թ][Թ]


72 
գлڡ
ԭΪԼӦַڣжȻв죬û뵽Է͵ſʱȴ˵ݲ㣬͵
¶ů⣬һЦתߣȴֱƳס㣬Ҹ㡣
дȰĿͶΪڡ֪ƳճˣڵξͲˣϧʱҲˡ
ҪƿƳȴ˫ɵ۾ӯӯԼɫˣֿοץס첲ֲɵ÷
±㴫ѶңѸôͬѺúп㣬òã
Ƴ׹¿࣬Ե֪ĸʮŲʺ޹⡣ΨһĹ⡣
ƬҲԷ룬˷ԸΥץס֣⺬ᣬеһңСʹãй߻ᰮϵһۼˣֻҲܽ⡣
ͷ֪ˣΪĹҲ㲻ǣ
ƳԣִȡһֻƿäƣΣգʱäԷ˫ۡݵ
ΣֻףԴӵ˽ĪͨʵѿɿԪӤ˽Σյˣûмˡ
äƶȻãƳУҲþֻܾýӹպá
Ͻƿȥ

ѻˣһڴʦǰţôȰҲԵҲʦͽһģӿ̳ģǾĺ«
Ҳʲôõӣȥˣʦ㣬ҪȥǸɣ
İ弸ҪԼĶˣһƿţֱֱԺе־ɣҡǸ
־ȴдʣȻأεܹڣô󹦣㲻;ˣŵòһڣһ͹ʦ㣬Ǹ˭
õͽ͹ˣʦ㻹Ҫ⺢ôأզôأ
һǿѹ˽ǰһƻǧ׷ĳ嶯
ǲСĴһҲᡣ
ʦ𣬲֪ڸģᱻڵľͽҡײƭ鶾ƭһ׮׮һȫĵϡ
Щ£ͷΪˡ
ƫƫƫƫְֺޡ޿κεͽ
գѡʱ䣬Լɵʱ䡣
ҡĵġ
Ψг˶ǣġ¼ܸһɣ
˾ϣ׵Ĳعƽ
ˣ˪£һᴦúõġ
־ԣΪԼ飬ǰ·ѾʦͽعںõĻ棬ʱ¶һοЦݡ
˰
ϲظȥ
ǰţ־ɸ뿪Ѷݹǧ׷嶥ֱһ
ȴſţһӰʦ̽ͭǰһ黨费󣬱ͦñֱ
һҲҪӡ
ٿͣעǵӰҪ
ˣ˳ʵִ룬·˶߲ġ
ƫƫԼ¶ĲЦݣīӳԼӰ
ͬģҲһ˫۾ԼԼš
ͺЩĻްһ鶼ԼĴ
ðеһҺʹ֪࣬Լǲ
˵һ飬ʶֻûȴ⻰š
˵ⲻЦ֮ԡ
ĹǼٵġ
İȻҲǼٵġ
ĵģͷһȼ𲻿ĥŭ𡣿Լ
ʹй֮ģҲ˵һʱĴʦһ˷磬˵ġ
ˣ˵Ƿ治Ļʱٶ࿴ǲֳֻ
֮һ֣ע֤·ϵİʯֻҪնԵɿƴ˹أӴ;ͨ˳
ʦǰ˵壬עҪ¶һΪݣǱܹ⸱ôΪʦΪ㵣ġ
ʱʦǰԵģʦģ飬ΪʹҲնϳԵ޵Իȫ
ʦδ¶ЦݣҡҡͷΪʦ֪Ǽᶨֻ¡
ʦԼĺ󳾣Ϊأ
δ֮ԣҲδµʲô˼
ֻ֪ԼΪһʦС
ǡʱڴʦţ֪ʦҲˡʦΪѣֻʹҷǣҰʦ£Ҳڸġ
ֻ֮Ųʢʦ;˳졣ͽΨһΪʦ𡭡ˡ
䡣
ָ⺮һһɭɭĶ̵С
ֱ̧֣׼Ŀڡ
˵һ죬ʱհסҲδ룬ӰǰһָЮ˪Ļе档
ַɳһض벻Զϣ𶯲ֹ
Կɼ循֮£˶
Ȼ̧ͷ˫üеӳȻʧɫ˲ŵľ㵡
ǾתΪ˿ϲʦ𡭡
ʱߣĻӿߣȴӲס
üǵѪɫӡ·һȼŵĻٿشУݺյ
֤
ǿԼ侲зӿŵǼ¶ͨͨѹȥһ֮ٲľء
Ȼȴǡ
ʦȻңԲԣ
òӦͽôߣһ߬ס䣬̵ŲľϢųʪȵĺɨľࡣ
ȻƿȴƬĴǵ˲䣬òһ
һϸܵսԽӴĵطӿ˫ȾܿƵһ
͵ıǽڴ˿̺Ȼ

ȰתݸлعʱŷԼѵڵء
䣬΢΢һ˫þˣ϶£һ˲˲
ʵʣ·ҪǾջ︲ǵÿһ
۽¶һ˿Ļ޴룬ֵ̧סͷܻӭ
Сʦ濴ء
Ȼȴƾ֣ܰһ߬סѹͷ
漴һЦģܿ죬ʦûȥʦˡֻ迴ңҲֻܿҡ
µͬʱͷҲصһ֣صĵȻϡ
⣬һɻףմôô͹ˣ
һʴӰҧĳݼ桢ͽ


73 ä
ƳҪƣԼϡ
ͳ׼Ŀ֮ǰ˵ÿһ仰Ϸ
Ϊôȷܼˡ
Ψ˼ˣ˰ķ
Ҫƭˣ͵ƭԼġ
ӡ˵ǼѲΪκ˼¶ԣűԼơ
ΨӡڰǰţԼİ
ֻʣڿ˵ңΪӡδһΣ
һ仰ʵƿԡ
Լļƻ˴©
ˣеӳȻʧɫʱǾ㵣ǿϲ
Ϊй߻ᰮϵһۼˡ
˺󣬲֡
Ұʦô᲻ʦأӳһ۵ľΪұˡ
ԴӰţʦǰ̷΢ȴʱ޿̲뽫ռΪУű˪ֻΪһԡ
ǻ飬ڰһʱԥĴǡ
ϴУĵײطһ̾ʦȴĲ˼顣
֣Էȴǲ֪㣬׷
ʦԼǵ紺ˮڻģеƿõ˼㡣
֣Ƶڵأֱȥ
ʦʱǻع̧סļ糺¶һ˿æ޴룬Сʦ濴ء
ʱܾôѾˡ
˫һѹͷ漴һЦ
ġܿ죬ʦûȥʦˡֻ迴ңҲֻܿҡ
صĵڻµͬʱȻϡ
ǰȻһǰĳӳʦ˫ޱϲĶƽҲӳ°
һ
ϲϲȻ˿ȴ뵽ɫ߸ߵĿϣɢĹâۣ¡ȴָĲŪ£ΡΡģڱԵ͸һ㱡ĵ죬֦롣
ʦҲһ£ô䶼͸ˣ
ҧסǷĶ䣬ڳݼ京Цϲ㣬ô
桢ͽһʴӰҧĳݼߴŭסڣ
ŲģֵĿڣ´ٵ
ʦúÿ죬ͺϲɣ
㡢ȥü·ڳżʹࡣ
ջ֣˺ܴĶɿ˳ݼǷĶǽҧ
ֱµˣƽ޲
ôʦѡһɡҪͣ£ǡԼ·ˣ
ǡʱ⴫һ졣
Ǵ򲻿ѽι𣿡
͵һѹס˫ʶһ£Ŀ¶߷ߡ
״ǹһĨӵЦݣֽҵķ˿ʦ˵ڰѵŴ򿪣Σ
Ҫѡ̵ֽͽѹڵϣ߸ϵ桢һءڸеŭҵͬʱһ˿ص˷ܴϱ
Ըֻƫһ࣬Ҫ
еظָĵ̵գû˿䣬
Щѣˡ
һɽŰĳ嶯ݼⷢҪݺҧȥǰŰ͸졢òɷƤһҧ飬˺Ѫȥ
գǿסˣʦ𾿾ҪΣ
Щ٣ƺѾ޷ĥ߳ܵҡ
⼫ˣЦʣ
е۾Ĵһȫ

Ӵصɽ۷綴ǰʱһϸȷһ˿
ǡʱ򿪣һ۾һʦãΣǱ߿ԭˣ
һ룬Ǳ㸡һ˿ǳЦ⣬Ȼʦǰ㿴ңҵأ
ԭֻʦͽֱŤѽʦá˺ˣȥʦʡһֱġ۷˵ţų齣շȥ
ߴƮЦʦããǿɺþûˡЩƲˣɵҺúúһŶ
ҪӦ£ȴȥԶˡʵĸƣɵ̾˿
֣Ϊоÿأ
̧¶ǣͷĨɢ
ʦͨʦҲָ˴ǰĻģһвܺ
ΪܾãһҪ£Լأ
ӦҲʲôҪ°ɣ
ߵԼǰŽȥȴӰվԺУ֪˿̹Ǻ
ʦˣ⼸ȥҺõȡҪҳġȫˡӰһֽǰ
żԼԸ£Ҳǿһǰˡ
æﵢ˼աڷֽܵӹϵֽ
漴Ժʯ£ֽ̿һҳҳȥּȻ񣬵ȷʵд棬һֲ©дʮű顣
⻹ʶǸ̬ħ
Ӱ˳£Ŀʦˣҳ飬ˡһֱиʣʼ벻ףָܷ㣿
΢΢һһ򲻰໰ʱͻȻԼֻпӡ
Ҳδֻ̧˵
ҪˣΪҿ䣬ȴǿˣأ
ֻ̧˵ԴĿģȴĹâ
ĬƬ̺󣬲ŷڵԼڡ
⻰ô˵
Ӱһ£ԭα¶һ£ȴӻͷˣΪλҪأ
˵ţǸ˳Ȼһգǹ¶һĨаЦݡ
һǴͼذô
Ȼһ˲ӰĻ淭ڣٿػһȼյľ޵ȵѹȸŵѹǰ
ʦˣЦ˼ɭȻȻϲȰƣһȥҵˣϵĻҹҹ˵һɣ
ʶҪ֣ת뵽Ӱǰ͸¶ԣϷͲˡ
ֻãȻһ˲漴ƳʲôȻ̧ͷ򶴿ԺţһУǰôˣ
Ӱʱɫ䣬͵ػȥȴԺŴտҲӰҲûС
ŭѣϷˣԼɻЮǳ֮Ĺƿնڻ񾳵ѹһ
δԸһǴ´࣬ҪϹͲˡ
ӰʱӶ޵նϣɵ𣬾Ҫ·
յıӰЦתһʩչǳһȡƳ͸äơ
ָᵯƳ˲ʱһ׹⣬ûӰĺġ
Ӱ͵һͣ漴ֱֱӰ׹¡
Ժ⣬һ漴ʧУҵ۾ôʲôҲˣ
л˵
ۣ
仹ûжŶ
ɵĻǾǡšͺܶˡšϵġ[]
Ǻʦй̫ĻֻܶˮǺĸ˯[]
֮дʦֻΪʦľ飬û˵ľѣҲˡ
Ҳ㣬ΪĻкܶ飬ʦӦʮдģǿ첻XnX


74 
ǰӰǱɹɱݦݦʵԶԤϣ˴սУƴشݦԼҲ۲ҡ
ʶ٣أܸ֪
ͺä죬˿˫Ŀʧǰǳ׻һƬڡ
ֻԼоǰԶڵֲѹϢ
Ӱ֪˿̾ӲδУ˽⡣ǳȻܶаʲôøС
һ㣬ͨġ
㲻ٶȳ֣ʱڣǰĴһȻΪȷǷ˵Ҳǽղ֪ǰһֱǻڵ
˵ţվվЩòȻļ˺֮ǣˣҺβ֣Ʒˣ죿
ȴԷɳƣ˻ʲôһħҲ֣
δ䣬һɰɽѹ㸲¡
ӰȻһֿͷʶ㴫һʹ˲ʱ˺顣
ţѹʵʰѹ˫磬ֻϥǴһظĴ죬ٴǰ˵
æתˢزǰĵ棬סӲסûйȥ
ɺ仹ӿһ˿ȣ漴۵һһѪ
Цʹٿ˲˳ۣҲħΪ顣
Ӱ͵һپޱȰûڡ
֪Ϲĵģ뿪ڣΪһðա
¿ɫǻ裬Ѱ·ˡ
Ϣڣǰʥˡ˳Ϊħ̣ʵ
ʵҽ˶ʥ̣Ϊ;ߵǱ˰ѿຣһ̵ԶɻΪȡЩ֪жܾ֮ѹͶ·İգҽ£Ƕຣ
Ӱ˵ʮֿУȴȫȻ֪˿̱УĵĶ󣬲Ǳˣɫǻ
һһǰ°ԺЦ˵ʲôʥ̶ɻˡĹɵôӺ䷢һ͡
˵Ӱ
Ķ飬ʹ˶̹̹е˵Ƕ¡
·Ĳˡ
ǰ֮ԻһʼӰ֪ΪԷ̹Ǣֻδ뵽Ǣ֮£ڲԶи̬ķ
ǰţҽ̳һʣذ˶ʥΪӣǼΪƣУʥһ𣬾ð֮⡣Ӱ治ɫ
ð֮⣿ҲΪ˵ó⻰
ӰгĬвɵһ˲ԩȴҲ¶ԷڼҪ빦
£壿
޵ıЩ֮ѳֶĶһʥִȨҪ¡
˲Ϊ𣬲ǵ£
˳ģܿܣ壡
ȴһɻŶ˵Ŀģ
ӰʣȻ£ȴ٣֡
ǹһĨĻȣ˫ƳäҲӿֳһ˿Ĺ⡣
ھ㾿Ǻǻɣ
˽ˣԱ˲ⰹĵôܶ
ԲѣĴƣȴҲѰӶͽ΢覣վ㲻ʮȫʮĺˡ
˵滰ǱҪأȣĳӲЩòȻʿ޶¡
һɣұƴҲ汳Ȫ·飬Ҳį
ڴţȴһѣ˵ħޣҲֻһʱͿ;Щʱգڰؼдʮű飬ƻڹ֮ġ
˵ţһ£ѿˣҲܵ˳ͷĹذɡ
ӰʵУĿʲôϸĶһ
ȷţǸˡ
һĿڷ𣬵ܿ죬㱻˼ѹ
ھͿԽеֳԼ֮ǣȴѡԼ顣
⻹ǣ˿Ц
ΪǴȱ𣿲ԵǶԼֱ̣޲ɼ
ûñҸұ֤õñģ
ѣ˵ֻһʱͿУͬʱһֻ΢첲߬ס
Ӱ΢漴еķ򣬴ǰʦƸ壬Щʱ˺صϴĸ棬ˡ
ûлش𣬵һᣬǹɿֲѹʧˣܷżţ·𷽲ŵһдδ
Ӱǿ󣬴˿̺Ҳɵ߳һ亹֫סæץ󣬽пȥ
һɲľƱǼ⣬˲ʱиƽ
ǰޱ޼ʵĺڰΨɢůĹâĵ㲻Ըϣһ̣ҲΨһֵƾ
ӰһĽɫǹһĨķЦ⡣ħˣ΢⣬㶯ҡǻǡ
ѽ
Ӱ߽ң齱£ָһ£ԷϵѪ۹ʧĸɸɾ
ȻΪĹӰ
Žʩչתơͨ˲ƣӲӰڱƳä£ΪкԼͬʱڳ
ʵ򣬴δβֻһˡ
ֻ⻯񾳵̫ͨķѷ֧Ų̫ãųճӰδߣΪ¶˿Ц
ƳϵͳʱַǵЦˡ
<Ŀ>
Ӱ
壺
䣺[δ֪]
[δ֪]
磺[δ֪]
ִǿȣǣʮǣ
޹[δ֪]
ͨ[δ֪]
ӰǱȫʢʱڣ˾֣Ҳܴлء󷨸ǹĪ⣬ʤ
಻ѹȻøƵֵ̫ͨ˲á
ˣҪӰһԼǰ֮ʹҪ֮ǰͨȫƭ֡
˼ˣΪηҪ°ȥʥ̣ǺδؾͲӦ
ӰЦͬ⣿ǰ;Զ˾㣬ĸԸĿħͷ뿪
ʱƲȥã㣬˵ϲ㣬ҪֻΪ飬Ӧô
һپ⡣
֣ԼδҲδǷ˼顶Ҳܱϣ
аֶٰΣȴ֮ˡ
ӰĬɫȻʦòªĿɣȻ˵ٺҲǼٵģֻڳЦҳ룡
ɫ䣬˫ŻУ͸һ˿İˣһ
Ǹĵĺûᣡ
ԥǰ˫סӰǲ԰׶Ĵȥ
Ӱ۾ʧȻԲˡ
л˵
ллҵӪҺͶף߻Ŭգôô[]


75 Ѵ
Ƭ̣Ӱʶϴȣʵù
ֻĴ˿ˡģ㿴ҾͲں
·ǣһ⣬ֻΪնԱ⡣
ӰҪЦ
ħ𣬺ʱҪ۵İο
˿俴飬ҲУ϶ֳ
˼ˣбһϥָڻս԰׵ֱϸɫ
ֲǲ֪ǰλɱĴڣҶò¶һ˿ˣѳµꡣ
ôܻĿ⿴أ
ֻ侲ع۲ÿһ仯
Ӱӹһ˿죬ܿͱŭȡǰǰ̺۵͸
߷߽ӡ
΢΢ü֡ǰʱħһӰйˣЩһ³ҡΪδ˿̣ǳһǣ¶߷ߵأ
ܽʹˣʧȥ˵Сֻһǣ˵Ҳ飬ǡ裿
˼ӰȻֿ̧ס
һ˲ǿѵƳôʧЧˣ
һ˲һʹӰף΢ĴĴ
ּأݼ価ǿӶϢ
˸ŪܣԵϥһ̧ѹأֱӰȼ䡣
ԷȻһ
ôѵΪԼᱻһ
ǳЦӰף˿˭ƿߡ
̧ѹӰ˫磬ѹϴ齣漴Ϊ˿Ĵ죬ֱ롣
ӰʶҪ˿ȴֶǡôؿסĺϢѹȸӿϡ
ӰδԴ׽Ҳ˸ðɲǼ䣬ǿ
ڳʱƵʿпǿơ˿̣ԸԳʧذսдܹ֫ٺ硣
һǳ׹ݡ
ȴƺֻ⣬ָһɣеĵǣǸǲŪˣ
Ӱ˫Ŀ΢΢ʧ̰ŷǹɽʧصĻ䣬Ըսʹʧָ󾱣ӣҺϲٴ
Σȴɴƿˡ
ɿ˵˴һߣУҲܺǲԵġ
ӰͷһȻǡ
ʿݣô㡭ң
ӰʿǲģҪ˵һȥʥ̡ȴȻס
ƫԺŷĶԣˡ
ţһʦøϽ

屾ġ
ϾһʱǰŽ˷ߣ˿ͽԺǰʵ̫ˡ
ô
᲻гЦԭ߸ϡ˪ʦׯİɫºҲǸķǵķˡ
ʳ֪ζô
岻룬ǵȻƿţȴ˫ԼУһ˿ȻıģԼô
գҪ뻹ռϷ硣
̧ƿǰš
ڣֻһˡڴ½˳ָϸƽԵ塣ƻϼ͸ֻǽڷӳյĿ޶˷̡
̧ԼвûԤϵıģһ˿ȣʦôˣ
ǲԸ˼
ɫ˳չ߳ģƽǰưףŽһ¡ΪΪʦҲʱ㡶¼ˡ
˶٣ֲһ䣬ʱʼ
¼ʦΪһϰ¼ôɻ
ڴزҲδǰӭԼĿ⻹Щ˸һ˿ɡ
ߵߣĿͶɫʵʦ֮Իᴴ¡¼ŶĹǳ飬ǡǡ෴̫顣
죬ô
ǣʦ沢ʱŭ̽߱ģʶһλֿѡһ־ȼŮӣʮ㿹ң̤;ͶԴ˽ͬС
ǲǺܺô֪ѵá
ֹ֪֣̾ҲͲкˡʦֿЯֹѩɽѰϹڤĴУؾʮ顣˺꣬˱ڱ֮ϹͬϦ飬˫˫̤ԪӤ
˱ЯΪһĴҵʦȴ֣¶λֿȴޱŭã㾹һ˼뵱Ҽ˵޳к죿ˣʽİ·
⡭ڴأ
ʦãʹ಻žնϺ쳾һȻֱħգģλʽѡ
δ䣬һȵϢϣʦͬ˵ЩҪͽĪҪصʦĸ𣿡
֪ʱվ
΢΢һ˿Ц
ˣʲôȥ˵ĪҪصޣ
סûлͷֻŴĺɫԼһת˫Ѿָ䵭֮ǰһζףԼ
ǡ
ǲΪʲô
Ȼһ
Ϊʲôˣ֪ܲΪʲôô
˵ʵѾˣǳ꣬ŷԼʦ淦ζν鰮ҲˣֵΪ˸Ǿģع;ˣ
Ҳǣ˱ԲҺɽˣձת˲ϵġ
ֻ棬һʼͲҡ
һ˫ֱۺȻȵĺߡ
ᣬûУֻǵġʦڡ
˶٣˼֣˵Щֻ㣬飬Ҳ¼ްн֮ѡΪʦޣھŲǾͷԣûʲôɺڵġ
ȴڵģǣѵⲻᶯҡʦô
Ĭһ˲
Ϊڽ֮ǰѾԴûǵƿҲɶļ
ǰһ˿ϣ˿̣ȴԽϣˡ
ת濴֣صᡣ
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ȻְԼˣѵʦѾ뵽һһ
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ȷʵʦ𣬵ҪΪһһ⣬ȫȻǰĶȴǾ޿ܡ
Ų¡
ȴѾһҪȥ𣿡
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ǰδ̤ķ䣬оЩڴ
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˵һʶ۷ѾٹȣϽʳ˵ˡ
嵹δֻЩʧ䣬ҲҪȥ䣬δҲԵ̫Ȳˡ
ΪʦˣǵЩϢҲ̫ߵſڣֻһ£˽ɲֲ֣εȡпգȥ
˵㣬Ŀߴ뿪
΢΢һѵԼ̫䵭Ƭ̶Ը
˰꣬ȴ̸˵İһʱ侹֪Ǻáֻ򴽣תȥ
ӰʧԺ⣬ȻһɣʦûзԼ»һˡ
תҪӰһ̧ͷһ˫ŭ۾
ĪЩ飬۾ܿ
Ӱ͵һЦԭʿ˵ŲܶȴʦͽҡҲܲ𣿡
ʹ̾һ㲻֪ҵѴؿƿ
ӰһǻŭϨˣѴ
ѵǰǿɣ


76 ɱ
ҪؿƿҲԣǰǣӵøȫࡣ
˿̣ӰĺԶԶʤһУ˽ˣģ֪
֪˿̵뷨Լҽˡ
ϾӰЩʿοƵΪħġ
ˣֻᱻŪ
ڷӰһ䣬뵽ٸʵס
֧֧ᣬ⡭
ӰѷĹâ˵ǲ˵
Ѿ׼ҪԼʦͽ̧סǰĳ裬أĿɨԷü⣬ɫΪ˾֪Ц̸ˡ
ȷˡ̫ˣڴϣôûأ
Ȼô֪Ҿ͸ɴһĴ𰸰ɡ
ǵãζʱ˵Ƿ౻жµϡ
ץסҵ֣ⰧҿԸ㣬㲻˵
ӰƵķңֽֿסָ£ģѹã˵
ץţ
ԭħޣԲ֪Ҫͻơ¼һأն顣Ȼ飬ζأˣ֤;е٣ʦԵɡ
˶٣۽ʦն飬Ҳ֤̤뻯˰ɡ
ӰŪλ˼ʱ˶סˡ
ʧǲ⣿Ϊ˰֤ԼҪˣ
΢΢һЦͽҵʲôһˣܻƽҸ֮¡
һб뻧ϡǰ˿ϵЦݴϾ˿ޡݷ𱻶һʥĹΣɢűƵĹâ
ӰֱصĿڷʹŴϾӯһ˲䣬˺
Ըֻǳڱɵ˽飬ֻ޿ɾҩİ˰壬ˣɲֶεؽڶߣʥ̣ߡ
ƫƫǣ˽üӣΪػˣԸԼ
ӰУδˣ޷ƿأҲ⡣
ӲԭأȴܿƵһ뷨
ʮ꣬Ҳ㣬ȫȻ˽̬֮¡ǷͲڰˣ
ͷһ˲㱻ӿĺɡްͽˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôֵһеȥػƾʲôŵˣң
ӰȾƫִ
ˣ͸ɴٵɣòĶҲõ
ôˣ۾ôҪҪϸеƺаӿȻδ
ĻһůĹ⣬ȻսĵĽ䡣
Ӱ͵ɿס֣Ǳǹ̵ˣû¡
ȥӺ﷢һƵͣӣǸ˰
Цᣬл佱û¾ͺá
ȴˣҿҪչࡣ⡶ľĹȴģһ鰸ȡһö򣬵ݵӰС
ѴӦҪʹǰǣҲڵһ£ɵúúҳأʽΪţʱͲħˡ
ӰǿֻÿЦʥõĹ
ĿⴥĿȴһƱʲô߬סӿһϸܵʹ
ȴϤܴʹǶȻůĻܵҸʹ
Ӱ˵ȴġ
ĬֻӵԼĵײɵ÷һЦ
ͱѱħˣ
пı磬ĪڽõĶ˺˿
ӰˣͶɱԼģһö޹ءԱӣֻ뽫˶һڰĴ
ԣɱҲﲻġ
Ǿֻһ취ˣڰˣ⣬ӵй⡣
ţ˽ƣἺΪ˵壬Լһ㹻ֿİ顣»ʼڴ̰ů
ȻֽϨ
ƶ˵ĸо϶ʹɣ
ǹһĨǳĻȣΣնˡ
⻹ڴء

ڽأǹžĵطʵ̶档
ǰܽСвѰ飬ʼûҵȴԶߣǰ
ʱСŵŭѣ񣬰ȴԽ̷ߣ˵ڡ
˿ǰλأ
Ǳˮ飬ſһ֣ˮմ彫һöɫԲݸ
ӹҪ֮ǰ˼÷⣬һֱð峢
ȻѱٹȲʳƫͰʦΪԼӡ
ֻ̽봢ȴһűֽ
õһֽдһּ֣ʮϤԼֱʡ
Ƴƽҩммǣ
˵һ죬һ˿ǵĺϼȻˣԼΪƳŻᰮϰġ
ǡʱһϣôˣˮô
ǰһλ䵭Ļ
ϧ˿飬δ任˵ĳƺԼѺ͸Ķ
ֽƬмʬ𼣣漴ȡһ÷⣬ݵ崽ߣµЦʦ쳢ġ
뵽ϴγԵĿ㣬ԥһ˲ָ⣬÷ҧһڡ
Ŵĸڿлġ
սóô
ĿȴĴϣ΢΢óԡ
볢ġ
ȴ飬ſڳԵʣµİ㣬漴ˮ麬ڿУǱˮɡһԾ̷Уһ˿ˮҲû
ֽϵ֡ȱչسǵãȥƳҲ١
ҪƶûʲôӰ죬ʦͨѺܺá
ϣû̷УˮʧԾ룬

ͥҡ
ԴϢ˷׷׹Ҳ׷ϰַǷ
ȴƳ޹أ˿վڹڵӰУԼĽż⡣˫ɵȻ޹⡣
еĴѶָġ
ʮˣû
˵ġ
ΪԼ̫ˣѾƵõ˰ͽ֮Ժأ
ڵ˸Ľ漴뵽ҲðĲ
϶İɣϾôϲ˵öԷĴظصĵط
ƳЩ뷨ĥÿҪˡ
һ뵽ΪԼֽƽˣؿڱһʹ
漴ֻҡҡͷҪЩĥ˵ͷ˦ȥ
ġرǸô
ҧ´Ⱦһ˿ƫִ
ѾѪֻҪܰﵽˣ۶ôΣаĹԸȥѧѧᣡ
˿϶̫æˣȹվͻϵˣʱܽϢ
ʮգѶѱĥ󣬵ûѽǵ֧ŵ΢Ҳҡҡ׹
ƳֻơȴΪ٣ȴսĬ糤ڶе磬սή
м״ɵҡͷ̾ϢʶżȥɢģҲȥֻĹƳö
ֱĸʮյҹĵȻ
Ƴ͵شӴѾõУųϲĹâ


77 
ʱٿתĺꡣ
ؽ¶ĴźɫĵͲֽҲ޵Ĵ
뵽ѱ뵽ʢ뵽ʶˣиĶѻɽİбһȣֻޱȿο
ϷĶʮ䣬⴦լֽڶͥʪ
뻯֮Ѳ˼Ϻ˿ǰȵش
ֱչһİӡĽݼҵļһա󣬸μʢ䡣
䡣ʱȣЩкѱˣʹ
ΪѱޣЩѱʦʹ˱ӵֶΡ
ǻסʿַҹݵؼĥԲȣҲ۰˯
ȵ޳ܲˣñӳʱһҰ԰Ǳǳ״ݿˡ
ʱʦֻҪιһʳɽѱ
ɼʦԼޣҲǳԱǻ䳤ڴڰ뼢뱥״̬ʱ̱ǿҵĹԡ
ֻԶҪѪԣǴ۲ȻʬҲΪʿĺĲġ
˼ˣɵó̾һĸף֪̰ˣ꣬ɻѡ໤
һߣƳĩβһ֣һ
ʱϹ޷˵ɼݰ١
ȺӣȻ˵ֶŪˣ
ϣδһۣվߵ⣬һ󺮷
кȻ뵽Ҳ֪ƳǺ˯ûУһֱѻΪġȥҲá
ƳǰδţűһӰֱֱ
ѡһŲ԰׵Ƴ
мҲģ΢΢üģôҲߣҪȥ
Ƴȥлϲﻹоóȣ
㡣ŴѶң˵ЩӶڱչѳˡȥ
дӴȡһʵ磬ڼϣҪҲҹȥ˵ϲһҹҲȲãȥҲٰ
Ƴͷָ߬죬򴽲
п۹аִ֣֪Ȱ²ɵ̾
ԺдһЦһԽѿɻӭ
תȥºһЦˡ
Ժ÷վŸŮӣµĹӳؾԲü۵Ŷ㡣
ǰ첻٣ںڳһֻвż롣
мչЦӭܲӭأҰͲҹء
һЦҿɵˡ
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еҲ֡аϧôĺӾͽأ
ʦǲˣǻʲôĸԸ뿪ڣתͶأ
Ŀ漴תƳɵشء²ɵ̾⺢Ӳ߾Ͳˣﻹָ˹ң
ݸЦƳŲˣԶ츳
Цҡҡͷѽÿճƣ𣬿ɲǸնôȴ͡
ƳʱŴէľ޴ϲлع㣬þûңҺ㡣
¶εɫ漴ӴȡһСУݵƳҪ⼸öõϡ
Ƴӽ˫ɵϲõĹâл㡣Щʱ˼öƳ棬Ҫô
ѵҹãΪ˿ĹƳ
вʧЦǽδкܶ强Ҫͻȥ˯ˣǡת˲ʧǰ
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жˣʲôƳŵ̷ſ֣æ´
̾ƵĶϸ˵ˡ
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иҪҪ
ÿճ䶼ͣǰڡ
ʵ̶࣬ҪƵԺˡ
ֱصӰѾǶֻһöԵ޴ִʥѰҡ
⵹֮С
˳ֽȻ𲻾ǰƵ顣
ŹȥԼдµֽͱͬķʽˡ
ԸԼʦģ壬޿ɷϵǣվǸԸŹȥԼ
ǣϵƳ
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䣬ɫ䣬£ٽˣҲҪˡ
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ʮŮ޶Ҳѧ˲Թɫ
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΢΢ҧ´ǵİɫȥɫƽǣƳ֤Ҳû´ˡ
ָ糣Ŀ̬ٸһλᡣϾϵ츳裬ʵ󼰡
Ƴ΢΢ף漴ת뿪ɽ
γȻԺѰһͬù緹Լķ¼档
뵽ԼѳþðӡҲ˲źãñߡ
ҹ䣬͵˷µͤ
һߣ־Ҳҵ۷磬˾ٱ˵ҹӰ˫ֹܡЩ˾Ƥӵ·Ľѵû
ȥ¶أҷǴס֪ߵغļһﲻɣ


78 
۷翴ŭʦֻ΢΢һЦأ˭һʱ嶯ʱ򣬸Ĺˡ
־һ㵱˭Ƶģ˵ľ͸ģ֪㵱˵ϲҺ޲õ㡣
۷űεЦʦǴҺˡ
־ɴǰͽ֪ӲԼ˵ѣﰲЩϾһ۰ͽһͽ
ˣĸҲ¡
ҹ˷罥۷־£һΪݾߣϢȥˡ
̧ͷȥֻͤӵᣱ紵òסͤӰһԻڣ´ıѩӳ
ҹ۷ӣȻо㡣ҹΧ¯¾⣬˿ǻܡ
־ɫ࣬һϵֱѽһƤ߬촷ۡ
ǰͤץţͤдһϤʦ쿴м÷ú
־˲ʱסͤǵ⣬ȥȴһθ޳ҷأ¶һ˪ѩ
ʦ壬˭
־ɫתԭʦ龪һˡ
ֻ͵͵˿Ծƾ̫ˣΪʦܴͽһͬ䣿
˼䣬ͤһ֧÷ķ䡣
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ձǱ⿾ˣ˵ģǻÿ˺ÿ
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Ȼҵͽÿ˵ţձȥȴֵ̧סˡ
ӡҪˡʦҽӡǺòãϿҪҵġ
𵱳־ţǸ龰ʧЦʦ㣬ö֣
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ȥһͤ⴫ҹʦ㾹ͬ¾⣬ʵôһأ
ᣱһ󼲷𣬴ʱ־ɺ۷Ѿ̤ͤС
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־Ŀת̾˿Ժ󣬲Ҫټˡʢ䣬һȥţúɡ
˵գתͤȥֶ㣬ع˰һۣʦ㣬ֻ㡭øʦһ³
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ǰʵ΢ʱֺùԷأ
ǵøл־ɣֹͰ档
ϾǲΪֱ䵭ġ
Ϧԣ࿴ķգñ룬˼ԭ֮ҡ
ʱոִֵʱˡ
ԽŻ޵ԽУ
΢΢Цţͷ۷磬ʦ㣬ǻȥɡ
۷һ˲֣ʦôһҲǣܸ˵ӣ
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ͬʱԶڶңҲһˣ˯֡
ֻһ㱼ԼõĽľ˵ľΪܶʦ䳰ȷûδ㣬á
ĽľҲû棬һķϲģҲ࿴Ѳɣϲˣ
΢죬̧ḧգҲˣΪξľͷҰٰ㰵ʾҲ޶أ
ĽľһЦ⻹򵥣Ͳϲ㣬ҴСݣֺðˣ
ü˵ϲңⲻܡ
漴뵽Щܣʱʱסǣס֣ʮָۣԷǾϲһձһ䵭
ÿÿ˵ҪŲȻڶ
ϵѪɫˣһĳȥ
ĽľƼǣѹʵҪ֪оû㣬һǡ棬Ǵİɣ
ʲô
ͶĻǼ⡣Ǽ⣬Ӵ˱ר
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ǰŨٿҰһƬããİףٴɢȥʱվԺŸ󣬿Ľľǰš
ԺŴ򿪣ſ̽ӣһ䵭ʲô£
ų˼ĺֱ
ֻĽľ治ţܲǰɣ
ɫȻһ䣬Ľʦ㣬ԣҶʦһ
Ҳҷģ˵Уδйֲ֮ģ
кβңģδʦ㶯˼һ˿һҲûУˣ
洹еȻսָģȴоۡ
Ϊĸۡ
ԭˣԭ˵Щǰչ¶ЩЦݣȫǼٵģ
Խʶ֣Ϊĺȶշת࣬Էȴ޶ԡ
߰ƽһһģȴ֮ġǣ̤ĵģԶԶһ΢츳ƽӹķϲ
һǿѹӿĺ⣬Ŀȴȥ


79 
ʦý㣬ضȻСҪұһȣ
Ŀ䵽ޱϣǡô¶˿
ֻƳԷöɫʱ΢ɫЦ
϶ϹˣŻӹ׵˶ġ
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ΧһЦ
濴νʣɫԼ֪ΪΣĿھһ
ԼʦһԼѧľڣɶԷ˼գƽƽѧᣬ
ĳնȣ⽫ϵҹʦͬޣϧ纮ǰһշվδܳ¡
ʦôԶٲܡ
ֱգ׿˵δԼйһ˿һģһжԼ顣
ڴʱѾʹľȻԼһֽĽУи߽ӡ
һ⼲ɡ
וּһǳǰֱɳȥԶԶڵϡ
ΧļЦˣȺһɧ
еľоһ˿óѵŤ⣬ΨˣһǱԷӼ̤
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ʦãֺ츳Ĵô̿ҲǸЦ
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һƬң⻰͵ѹ˼ѹ£ֲ̧ȥ۽ۣûе£ˡ
ûȥ
գǸҼݿӡҪΪμͱ뽣Խġ
ԽһϹ񽣣Ϲսãǧδʹ˵˭շ˽ɺңĪҲӡ
Уʸ뽣ˣΨ־
δ־ݰУ֮λͷĪ
Դƴܣӻؼкһжˡ
־ȥ˼ڣΪ̤нףҪˡ
Ϊĸף־еϲȵʢ׼ֻͷ̾ϢȰ˿̿ࡣ
ͬĿҲˣֹһڱЦʲôţ˭֪򲻹
Ҫ˵ǶʼѺ־үأô˵ҲкӣվǴɡ
沢δȥЩ磬ǲȡ衣ֻǽյĸҹݵҪ˶֪棬䣡
ȻĽվˡ£콣Ҳ޴
Ŀһеĸ¶ʧɫգ˽ⳡ־ıԣӮ˲ʸ뽣
ɲԼ䡣
ϼùȪ߳ӡ
絽Եĳʱ̨Ѿˡ־λڵʦԻҲѵˡ
֣Ⱥ˲ʱһɧ
ĸ޻ӭЦһ񣬡棬ſġһԣͳ־˭Ӯ׶ˡ
΢΢ס
޿Ҳ־ĳǽ˭պִƼ֮λҶϣһȫĸҵĲʢվҪǽġ
洹Ůס
ȴЦʲôʱ־ݰҲˣûϵӮֻ
֮ǰǸ⡣
ǸǼ٣ط꣬ԻǸöԷֻ档
ʦãʱɻڣ
濴־ڣɡת̨
־ɫһ࣬λ㣬һİȲҪǰǿš
վԱߵԻȴ΢Цʦܣ˷ˣôֻ˵˵ã
־һֱӰ£Իɫѿʦ֪˶Žޣʵ
ԻһЦҲǣ꼻Ҳһ֣վȲʦɰسడ
־ɫת뵽׽Ļһ˿־ڱصõɫ
άʦϤĽ̵־Ҳнա
Է΢΢ףת̨̤
Կʼ콣̽й־·ȷ죬ٲȻ˼ֽ⡣Ҳ˶ˣվĶ֡
һתʹն裬ʶȻһʹǾĮĻٶը졣
ģδʦ㶯˼һ˿һҲûС
ţǰԼһĻ档
һΣԷ԰׵ǺεȵԹޡ
ȻǰŴ󣬱³ĻӲ̶棬Һ㡣Ҷԭ㣡
ɲǼ䣬ʧеҪ
ȻعȻһ飬ȪַɳڿлһɫĻߣ漴̨׹䡣
˼㱣ȥͽȥӡ
һ͸󣬽ֶֻ˵ϣѪӿע
ܾƬ̣漴һ󻶺ԻЦǰϲʦܣ
޿໺̨־ļ򣬡־ģ㵽ڽ޵Ŀġ
Ψһ˵ǰǵ㣬㻹ô
ֻסڵϣ·Ѿϣоκʹֻ࣬ҧγѪֹȡҩΪֹѪΡ
հã־˹
绹ΪǸģȴЦ㣬ˡ·ԶҲõ飬һˡתﳤȥ
ᣬ㡪
漴޿߹Ŀ䵽ʧϣ棬ΪһֱΪӮ˻㡣һ̾󣬷ȥ
޻ڸ޿󣬹˵ڲסĸˣֻҴ綣һ䣬úӣչ㣬һҪǿ׷޿ȥˡ
˷׷볡ǰͶһӻĿ⡣
ǰЩεΧ߹άֺõģҪЩҧˡ
ĵģ档
ԷС㣬̫ѹ
ȴǣЦ˵սľʲôĵģ֪ˡ
֪ʲô
ʧߵ³
ΪҲԼԭ
Ϊһˣʲôûˡ
ĸ׵İ׵أ˵
Уʦõġ
֪ˣ֪Ǹʲôˣǰ
ѹʦʱ˵ʦ㣬ôĿΪȥ
ʱ⻰˼ڲ֪ԭʦҲһ㣬Ķȴ̤
ںˣĳ׵׵ģһˡ
ٲյĸ߰֡ЦգһһεҽڵƬʺѪᡣ
л˵
дǰļ[]


80 
ȥת۾͵ǰμʢӡ
ңֽתһ죬һϸ緢˿ָջڣŻ۾
޵ġһſԼľԹа֮磬ȫʿһ֮䡣
һɳһɳħ
Ц
ԼǸϵͳӶô˵ͨ϶ǳɲġҲмڳҪģֻи
Ҫ˺ˣӦĴۡ
Ҫģǲþ
֮ǰ̶ף¼ھĸ£Ϊͻͽ̶࣬ĩס
˽Ϊе˼
ֻǾǿʦïԼѩɽȡصıһֱѹڵĵصΪһԴȡԴԴϵȡֻһԴܿͻΪһƬء
ް壬ûɥĲҪٵڣϾ۷Ҳܵۡ
ڣ롣
ʶֻʶϸ˿ڳľܣƮ
ĵһͨ˿ѳɡ
Ѱһ걾壬ܼ
ͨȻȴбǿĴڶߵķգʱĿŵʹáŻõͨ࣬ķѵķǳɱӣ뾡ʵ
һΣϰͨ½磬Щ˽СǱߺܿͻµĶˡ
Ŷ֮Ⱥ֮صķɣۣ֮һˮ֮Ǵľ죬ֲأѰһʵ١
˵Ҿڶεʢ䣬϶Ҳϯġ
Թˣ޾𣬼˿뵽Ҳ޲꣬İ·ˣֻҪѰ鷳Ҫˣɲ
ǡʱ۷Ŷ룬ʦãóˡ
ƳһԵľճĲӰ
Ӱ䣬һϮɫ°żöҶһֻţһ˿ҷ
̧ޱȵڣǹһĨݵȻЦã߰ɡ

ͬʱ׺ӳǣĽݼҡ
Ľվ£̧ͷϽӹϿյɽ⣬ʵڸɣ뵽𣿡
Ľվ࣬峤뵽ˡˡڡҵˣҲѵˡ
Ľ΢΢ףЩµһף㣬Һܷġ
˶٣ǸŮĽľأ
ĽЩȣһ˲ľҪһ
Ľɫһ涼ѻңʲô
ĽʵͷӦ
Ľ¼˹ЩҲˣ˵ڴ˴˲ٲſȥкʵģ
Ľʲұ粵䣬Ӧ£ǣ峤һúȰܽڣȻڰװҪá
Ľᡰšһٴʵʢĳؿɲúˣ
ĽʣѰ峤ķԸúˡֻǣ峤ҪԼΪ裿
Ľ£ʦ˭ԼϹ޷ˣз˵ʢһ
зųҰĲĹâʱĽݼзأɺ壬ʹҪһߵͣкβɣ
Ľ̾һֹ
ĽۿôҪˣɱëȴ˽Էֻ£ҿû
ĽɫһףҡǰǶɱ𣿡
ĽջĿ⣬¿գˣղվȥɣȥ¡
Ľʹ£⣬ֱȴѾʪһƬ
ѵ峤ѾĽľϵѪȻΪκȻëأ
ˣĽľ뿪ĽݼҵǼ£Ѱ׵̣пȷĽݼס
˼䣬˾

־ɴӵһ˵׺ӳǵʱ򣬳֯Ǹڸɵʿиɫ⻮һľ
־һͬȥӦĽݼίߵĿӦ꣬ק۷ﵽ
ֻǻδ߳ߵĽľҲӺͷ
۷ЦĽʦãǶ׺ӳǵĺ÷羰ٲҪȥˡ
Ľľȴɫ÷羰׺ӳǿûʲô÷羰ҪޣǶǣпĿȸ֮бӳɱ⡣Ҫֻ޵͸ˣֻҪۣϷɵġˮεģȫ򵽣
۷סʦ˵ôǹģʱˣ
ţڣľ㣬ǲ˵Բ˵ˣҲˡ
Ľľ˲ʱ߲ѣʹҡֲָϲ
۷粢֪˽µĹϵڴϳҪȰͣһڽ
Ľľԭջˡ˵δԼ裬ڼҲǲѧֻʾڵĸ֦ˣ
۷̧ͷȥֻɫڵӳؿ½϶ĽݼҵȻĽݼҵˡ
˵ʱüͷѵ˵ǹĽݼҵļҷ磿
ĽľϵĲɫһͣǣԼͿ˭ʸ֦ϧˣһһ׸ҲҪϾǵ¾أ
۷ţ̲סЦҲ˴ǣĽľ죬Ҳȫ޺ô
ɫʱ᾵ݣԽԵÿɲ˲ϸ
ҪѵĽľ뵽Աڵʿڣ÷ֻڨȻЦľã㻰ҲֵöǸͬ㿪Ц
ӻǾǣ˶ŭƽ˿Ц
ĽľǼ֪ԼǸЦ
㡪߬ȭͷȴһס漴һ޴һġ
ֻһײ𣬽ţһֻŸѩˤڵϣɫë
ӱյݽȥǺ«ͷмϸ·ҪϵˡĿȻ׺ݡ
Ľľֻǰ壬ͬ˲״Բһ
ɫ̣һ˿Ц漴һѩԴϣЦľãӸһңҧҺüʹأҪǿѪͳ㴿Ҳ㿴ΣҰֻѩ͸ɡ
Ÿͣǰҿң˭ֻųأҪǻƴǣѲ紫˵µ֣
ĽľѪɫ˲ʱʵøɸɾ촽ֹסҡҲŲ֡
Ȼû˷ŵĺƣĪ˲ɣѵԾȻģ
ǡʱһɤ𣬡˵ҵһֱͦԼһֻ衣
Ľľٿ̧ͷȴɫȴЦ֮ɫʮ棬²ɵһʹ
֪ܣѵ˿̣ҲҪЩһ
ʮָˣæڵ֪ϲʲô裬˸Ѱ
Ŀƽϣ·ٴһƬ̺Ż˵ϲáҵãԼ裬Եöһ޶һȻó˵㣬Ҳپȫ֫ڣǿиˣɡۣˡ
ﻰ⣬裬󣬶ʱͷð̡
㡪ڵʿأʦֻԼԼˣ


81 ɱ
ĽСֱţǣ˵˵ôףĽݼλңҪۼۣʵҲ𣡡
䣬ȴһĨεļЦֻɫҲۣ˵Ǿڵʿǲſ
˸ˣϵʱǵ콻ӣȾƵġƫƫ׾࣬һʱ侹䷴Ļ벻
ĽľȴǸˣ⻹ͷһ˿ΪͷΪѣȻܺãֻݣмС˶Ѵࡣ
ȥŵĲӰⲻɵ˼֣ĵůԼѡڡ
ˣмĻӿߣȥȴĽССʦ㲻ǿЦҲֵ
ĽСѱɫˣ˵ǿЦ
Ľľֻ죬ȻСʦǿˣһˣѵҪ˽ƽϣȥĽݼҵҪ㶪ˣ
Ŀһתֻѩϣ΢һ˲ƿĿ⡣
ѱΪٵʦûȥӻ
ڣûС
ĽСĽСָֻյĿ̱ѩǣȰǻǸϽɣ̶ѱǷ

ֱּУವ࣬͸ĺ
Ǳ͵ĽȰĽľ޴Ļᣬʶڵʿıһ¡
вɵһɺޡ
ĽľƾʲôŮ˾ɰΪƽƽ趼ûУȴܿԵ׷˵ҪڽѹһͷȻ鲻Ըǲ֪ô
ԽԽջŹ⺰סĽľԤݺݳŪһ֪Էһ䣬һԼȴû˼Ļ벻
˻δ˶仹ǱŮ裬̣
һ趼ûеˣҲҷĽСһУĵȭͷҪĽľϴȥ
Ľľɫ˲䣬̫ˣмܵʱ䶼ûС
һ˲ȭͷӲͣ˰գǱ˿߲ٿصĿܣܿƵĵתһȭݺĽСԼϡ
ţһԵĽСҲ֣þȫݺԼһƣϵʱϺָӡ
˴ʧɫĺˣ˵Ļֺ̿£㡭ʲôа
Ľľ۷ҲĿɿڴ˺ö˶˵ķʲôأ
۷ϣҶˣԼԼʼգֶû̧ûж˿ĽݼҵĴ֮ƽ޹ʵضթ𣿡
ĽСĽСʹҪбüѪ˭ºִԼֲǷˡ
ɻܣ·˴֣뻹ʿһָָ㣬оǱĺͲм
ĽݼҵʦȻڵʿȲЦˡ
Ҫ˵еҲ̫Ҫˣɵģ
ɫ࣬ƫƫǱ˲ٿصĸоÿȥҲ죬òֵ֤֤ǶԷ֡
ֻÿ۷ڼɵȴҲٶ֣ҧгݵǸλѣˡ
ɫȻȴǰЦȻǡεĹƢԣɱ˲ѪԷ˭֪
ǡʱѩƱʵյܣ̲סһ
㻹ҽУĽСŭ̧ž˹ȥҴⲻ
Żδѩǣһɫ⻪شȺмһ֧ȼյļʸˢش͸ĽССȡ
ĽС巢һĲҽУͨڵأСʹش
ĽСŭѣ˭˭ĽݼҵĵҰվ
δ䣬һɾ˵žžְ⣬ѪҺӿ罫ȥʹʡ
ѩǷˣ һͳȴвߣȴشڳÿ˵Ķ䣬Ҳɱǡ
˾ɲнһͷÿĿ
ָ΢˿ջأ漴תȥֻһӰȺ߳
һɫװŹ⣬ƲݣΨһ˫Ӱ˸ŵĽɫâ
΢΢ֱŮ˾ࡣ
ͬʱһʱ˵ͷð˳Է˧Щ֡
Щ
վԱߵĽľȴ˶ˣͷȻһ
ССʦ㡭Ľľ˶ѹϣ̵ĶͷѣʵҡҺȻܡֻ»Ʋס¶ԭ͡
΢ͲԾˡ
Ľľֻҧ˴зٵĥʶ̧֡
㡣
ȷӦĴָ̽ĽľĴ䣬סǶԲϿųݡ
ŶԷϺεգŲȰ㣬жЩ
ĽľҧɿԲغָ⡣
ʪЩңѸٽָߣɶԷȴϲߣƣͷϿøȵˡ
۷һԿţ졣
ʦ棬Ľʦ׽ҲǲԵİɣ
ȵȣʦϲЩӿɴδһѽ
ҪͿˡ
ںܿ죬ͰĽľƿˣ۷ʱһ
ֵǣŵĮĲĵĪӿһɰˡ
ȻЩĽľֳԭεʼٸߣû￴һۡĿֻֻסԲסѩ̡
˾ǣѩڿԷ˲䣬Ķʱĵͺ𶼻˺ʡ
Ůһ֣ɫ⻪նϣǰѩǱڻޱᡣ
ԴУзϸϸƺίظ״
Ůӻ̧Ŀ㿴ĽСĽС
˰Ĵ类ŵ˿ӣ˿̱Ŀһɨѣﻹ˵϶ţתܡ
ܵԶˣתͷһݻб¾ҵţĽݼҾŹģ
ŮӲδˣѩǣһתĹ򣬾ʧȺС
ȴ˼ݶȻһ㡣
ĽľȴٴˣߴٵǸϽ߰ɡ
Žֵǰߣܿ㽫СԺ
Χ˼ûֿˣҲɢˡ
ĽСĽСǺŮӱĽݼҵͷˣϲŻָ˿Ѫɫ
ߣǸϽ¸߼ȥŮĴҵȣ
ûˣ˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
ֵߣȴδԶһ˫ɵ۾Ϣضǡ

ССˣǿǡⰡ
Ľľ۷ڳһȦãһϢЦ
Ľߣһ̹ȥһ綼λʦ֣;̵ϰɶǣȥʡ
л˵
ڻҵдˣ[]


82 Դ
ĽʼĽľ̹ȻαеĲɢ˼֡
ҲǣСС״ǰֲҲ̫µ֡
ô꣬ʲôûɿʬʱ򣬶һ
˻ѪҺˣɱֻʣһƤէһǸˣĳƤƫƫƽ˿Ц˲
Ǳħ޺ġ
ҲֻΪǰĽľڽǣŰһ䡣
ƺѾ֪ĽľݣɱˣֻҲס
ڿΣӦòɱġ
Ľ˿˰֣ȥˣ㣬ͺá
΢٣ٹձᣬҰЩĪҪǳʲô¶
Ľľɫ䣬ڽ⻰£ССңû֣
ĽѪɫʣһ԰ϣȵס죡ңˣﻹĽݼҽʳС㣿
ĽľȻס죬ŭ𼸺Ҫջǣ뵽ջǰЩ˵Ļȥ
ʶڳǰ̸Цתɱ֣һ
תͶԭ
µ̫ˣѧݷ̣ץסһ
˼ˣüۣŮʧˣŮףҲеĲѡŮֻǡҡʣһ˿Ŀ
Ľʼ״ɫЩ̾Ϣһ֪ͺá
ĿתϣһĬĴ󣬻ڣʢ䣬ڴ˴ǰģµСͽԻѽɽ𵤣ǰ;ԶӴ
ĽľӦ£̧Ľʣɻ󣬡Ůһ²סȻǵ˷˵ΪʲôԼҷҪģǰأܲɣֻΪ࿴ʲôſɣ
Ľһĵ˵Ǹ߳նסˣγܺأ
Ľľͫ׾֪ĽݼҴĵľٰʢ䣬Ǳ濴ô򵥡
ԭҪƿ塣
ġ
˰ݣļ壬Լ޷ΪĸױԼһеһж͸ˡ
ĵǣŷŭĽίߣԱոϢ
ʢ˶ӣһǱ׺ӳǣְѷ˵͵ȥô죿
ĽҡҡͷͲõˣ˵ɼԱܣ˭Ҵ⣬ܽ޻ء
ĽľĶȻһ峤ĽǼΨһһλԪӤĩ׵ǿߣѱǼֻǿޣʵ뻯࿹⡣
Ī˵٣Ҳ޿ܴĽе߷˵ƻǵı
ŮͷˣĽľϲɫ˳һ񣬡£Ůˡ
漴˳˷䡣
תϵƽ˲䱻ߺȡȼһź˵Ļ档
취ֹһУ

һߣһĮվǰƳ
бϣָ΢һûһµŷ
Ƴգգ˫ɵĴ۾þˣҡҺܸˣҹ
Ƶƽ΢΢ţ¶һ˿ƵĻϲ
δǰ¶ղ飬Ծο
żɽɱģ԰ɣ
Ƴ̵˵ͷֻ˽һЩˡǶ˲ˣ¶һ˿ڴ
΢ţѵҪҿú𣿡
Ƴ򴽣ǲ⣬Ƴֻ˿ġ
ģһῪģ
ҹˡһֱϣ˺Ҵһ𣬻еĶһֱûˣ˲ϲҿԲǰ
ģˣת˲Ͳµ˵˼䡣
Ȼ͵͵ңȥɱЩøˣ
ƳʱŻµĺƵĵͷҡû͵͵ˣֻ⡣
ЩЦܺãѧˡ
Ƴɫִˣһץһָ첲ССҴˣ˷Ұɡ
վߵǰָ̧°ͣʹ˫۾ֱԼ˭㿴˭
ƳŽߵԷ䵭Ǵĳֳ˲˺ѿڶĽľ
عʱȥ˶ֶţᡣϧûҵ֡
΢Ľľʲôʱֶˣ
ȻʱĽľϿһᣬܿͰƿ˰
㲻ܶĽľá
ƳۿɼʧȻң˻ǸҪɣ
ɿ֣ӲΪĽľܱȵƳֻǴ˿ýͣҲϣƳסµĽѵ
ʣȻأѵҸһŵļһϲŭ
Ƴ׻ˣۿٿһ죬͸Ӱ˲Ҫ֪ˣԺһ㡢ϲϲĽľϲǡҲʲôġ
રવӣվˣ̾˿Ҫ˵Щʲôűˡ
⴫ĽľСʦ㣬мҪ㡣
Ƴˡ
Ƴͷɬ˹ȻϲĽľȻôҹأ
ĬĬֲ̧ᣬǰ˵ɣš
ĽľʱؿһۣŹϵ˲䣬һƳУôʱ㷿
ȻĽľεúܺãƳеĴ⡣
վſڣ룬Լɵ
ʱͿˣǸĽľԾͺϲˣҹãĻʲôҪ£ͬ׽Ľڡ
ʱڷʲôأ
Ľľ᲻һҲҪȥأգ촽ŽƵϣεֻ˿һɢϡ
Ƴ飬ԼĿۣɱ⡣
䣬Ҫеʲô
˶ĽľΪȴΨԼ룿ס
߻һҡεǴ
ƳֱԺеǵøˣҲϲǸƳȸȸ֦ͷҲ䲻˷ˡ
ãҵȻԶʧǰ
Ƴ͵̧ס˶䣬ضȥ֪
һ㶼ϲߵġ
ǣ֮Իվصĸ뿪˼䣬ȫΪ˰
Լϣ˲ҪˣҲûдڵıҪ˰ɣ
ƳҲ֪Լڵ϶˶ãֱű򿪣ӲתͷֻĽľ߳ɨһۣʲôҲû˵첽뿪ˡ
վڣӸµؿ㻹ûߣ
ƳеĹ⳹Ϩվ֪ˣһǰԶʧġ
תŷĽߣһ˫ֺȻӺ滷ס˫硣
һ̾Ϣϣ𣿡
Ƴһ


83 ׹
ϴҲãøģƳӣָǰ΢ҵķ˿̴ʪ۾һֱĺܺá
ƳûлϲֻǾɣݼҧס´ֱ׺ۡ
˻ϴβ˵˹ƳҪҿ뿴ü𣿡
ƳȻһͷỷסֱϣˣǲʧ
̧ͷָ˿һļ¡
Ҿ֪ں˼룬Ҳ˵ˣҵġ
֪ˣƳŵٴα΢¶һǳЦݣˡ
ϲĽľҲûϵֻҪ˻Ҫֻһ㣬㹻ˡ
̰ģȥǲĶ
ǣ֣ݡ
˯˯ˣȻŷųƣǵľѪ
谵Ƴµ˲䣬һɫ⻪зɳ漴类ɢѹӢ㣬Ҹӫ㣬ÿһĵİ׹⡣
Ƴվڹâģӳϸ⣬ʣӡ

һ˲ܿͻָѰһĨǳĻȣܺá
ѱҡǳʼˣֻܼѪ֮ǰѧģǹĵһ㣬ݣѶδգҲֻԼ
ͷɣˣ𣿡
ЦδȴƳĺܺáмҪȥ
Ƴգգ۾¶ԵĿ⣬ǣˡ
̧֣ḧգɫع鵭Ȼѱϲŭ

Ľľذ׺ӳǵĵգյϢ
ڣĽľ˵ʵҪ־˴һܣɢ
ʱвĽľĻӦˣ뽣˹Ȼ־
ĽֲˣֻԼˡ
ﻹȥպأ󾿾úȥδӣﶼһƬãȻ
ѵҪ縸ԣ־
޷ܡ
ΪѾĽˣֱһգĸ״ߴһͬ־ʦԻϽ֡
Իһֻ͸˵Ӧ飬ֻʢΪ˾ٰ
ֻû
Ϊ־ױҪؾ
־Ҳᱻݲݶ»£ûԼ־һ㣬׸˭𣿿²ɡ
뵽˴̲ס͵Ц
ǰôôΪֻҪԼԶǵһһܰסԼˣҼأ
Ц⻹δϵȥһ㺮Ѿʡ
ȪԻĿڣ
ɻδ˵꣬ǽʰĻٴθԺУ漴һҵʹۡ
ʹǻþأ
աһ죬ڵء
ŵؽе㣬û°ɣ
ɫ԰ֽǰ亹乡Ҫͷ۵øˣָⲻܿƵķ
־Ա߿ţȻʲôЦ㲻Ұ겻ĽôԼĽղסˣ
ԻҲһĨЦ̫ǿԼ֪ܶҪǿʿش󣬶ħûϵǳɻҴؾڣһΪѰҩħġ
޲ɱ
Ȼ󴦴ľʹʰֻԻǰȥǰȪ

ҪԻָȪɲǣһֻˮɵļʸһȪԵĵϣԻʱ֡
ֻɫˮȻסĲܿƵؾ
ʦõġѾһ˰ɣ
תͷȥֻ¥֮ϣһɫƮ
Ȫʦİ֮ôȾָأ
ԷѹΧȻƽεط겻Ѱ
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Ȼһ˲޾߳ܺͿ־峹û˿΢ҡ
ôǱģǰ
ģܾˣȴԼĽղסһ裬Ҫȡ
ʦô˿̶ȻȿֿЦɣ
ʶһ棬ֱ޵ݣ޲ʹԶʧǰ
ǣĿȴ޷ƿһֽŰʹ࣬һһġԷüۡ
ֻ궼˫纮̶С
룬ʦڴ˿¶һЦݣǴųŪЦݣҲȴһеĽĸԸĽűߣϽеһС
ݷ󣬸¥֮ϣٿһ䣬ųһõЦݡ
ͫ׾ֻǵЦݻУ඼ͣˡ
ʶǰһȻһ˲Ѿˡ
ᣬľ㣬˵׺ӳʲô趼򵽣ΪȴûҪأ
ԭЦݲǸġ
ԭأԾɱͷƣɻѪҺ׹ߡ
汻һʱѳûǰǷȪ
漴˳Ŀȥȴ¥ϣδĽľߵ˱ߡδվ¥µǿһۣĿֻϣСʦҪʲôʹûУĺǣҲѰ
۾Բˣľ㲻һСʦ𣿺ʱСʦ׽ˣѵڣΪСʦ𣿡
ʵһ²˵ڡ
ǾǵСʦϵսʱľȴҷԣԴǿ̱ΪСʦ㣬ΪϲСʦ㣡
Ѻ˫˫ѣҲ̫ˡ
ɫҰܵиӿһˡ
ΪֵҲΪƽ
Ѿʧȥ˽뽣ĻᣬҪԻֶĵĶôˣΪʲôǻϷŹ
ãĽľ޼䣬ǴԹңΪƫҪΪƫҪڽǱʹʱ򣬳ǰأ
Ȼ¥ϵ˸֪ҲĶǿߡ
ֻԹҪһö񵰣ƫƫټİ׺ӳǣȴö񵰶Ѱ
΢΢ü񵰣
׺ӳǼҼһǿϡΪ٣ķѾ޴󣬹ȴ΢΢˭
ֻ֪гǼǮĸׯ˼ֻ
ʲôϵ
ҪȰ뿪˴֪δ˵ڣ澹͵תһԲǰȥ
е㣬ȥĶǲǻס·
һߵĲȥķ
־Իһߣ־׷ȥԻֹˡ
ܵøʱ䣬ܵġ
־ͣͷ۶ĸ¥ѾȥˣͬԻ뿪
¥ϰڣĽľûǰᣬȻǸԵļˣ־ǸˣǾȻ棬һͱǣ
תΪʲôҪңҪװûӣ
豭غһڣŵʵǵĶǱҺ;ڣһܵģ
ֻһ仰Ľľ
ҪĿģǳסھ뿪ȥİţ񲻸ã
Ľľɫ΢Ƭ̣ջ˳ӵ
ΨķԸı֮һĿܣʵָ
Ľľʹ֪ˡ
ջߣת⣬䣬ȴһ˿ǳЦ
棬Ǳʱ򣬱˸߸ϵʩζһܰɣ
ڣҲᵽˡ
߸ϵڵ˷
ֻǣվ
ĸ߰˭ͷ
ԣٺңҲһѰҪ񵰣Գǽʩһ֮
ֻϧҲΪ׼ģ׹ˡ


84 ϲ
źò׵񵰴ҴҸϻسڣƵ¥ȥ¥ա
ߵĴ¥½ȴ벻ģ׽ʣ
ʲôأ
ˮգƾԲһļ䣬עҲزǰ
棿һỽ
عͷֻĽľվԶڵǡ
Էϵ񵰣ЩȣסĽݼңҪͬһȥ𣿡
ĬΣŻͷá 
ĽľĽݸ̤ĽľԺ䣬Է˲Ժ漴ö뿪Ȼʱȴֻһˡ
СʦҶл㣬ֻþ㲻ˡ
ԭһ˿ڴģȻȥԸĽľǰʧ̬վɬãȻȥˡ
Ľľ棬ѵûл˵־£Ѿ֪ˡܣҶף޾֮·ҷʲôǿһ취
滺̧ҪңΪβ˵˵Լأ㲻ôͬ׽
Ľľʣʹ༥뵽ķԸվӿĻȥ
תãҿ԰ʲô㡣һȫΪǰȴһֱڡ
澪صԲ۾
ȴĽľ꣬Ľݼѹڵ壬ëһȫ屻ܡĸΪ˾ˣȥĽʣҡ
ɺĽʻΥĸ׵ĳŵëһ塣ĸǰҲҪޣͨһȥԶҪκ֪ϡһѪ
棬Ѫ𣬲죬ôأ
پ䷢þõأԻ
ô꣬ϰĽľ׷飬ȴ˼ľʲôҪʲô
Ϊβң
Ϊ氡˶ҪŽޡǰվ̫ˣ˭ҲôܻܣҵĺѾǰأ
澹Ȼ
˿̵ľǰ緢ȻͬҲ޷ԣǰԼǷܹ¡
Ǹ֣סĽľ֣ǰ̫ˣ㵱㾯ҪС־ȴ
ĽľסϲЦ㲻Ҹдôţ㶼ûлҡһΪҲˡ
źϵЦݣǳǳһЦ
ﻹʸĽľأһжȡĽľƫⴧȣɶԷԼ壬һ궼ǡ
Լ־ֻⱲĽľͷġ
Է޾ɺã֪ˡ
½⣬µõԷģѲˡ
ĽľûºͺãϵʤǰҪԼ־ԣԼʧ־¶˵˳
˵꣬žңʱѽҹ
վҸá
δ䣬ű߿һȣ棡ôĵӣ
һתͷȥֻӰ⽫ԺյһƬͨĽ´̤߽
̣ľĽ峤⻰ʲô˼
Ľ͵˵ģǲǣڽпɿĹ㣬򣬿ݹ飡
˵͵ˣʮֲ죬漴Ľݼҽҹһֱⷿľ˵벽δ룬ʹļҲýɡ
ĽֻЦãұʣ˵
Ľǰһһһöɫľ޵зɳવһϡ
ǵĴת涨һⲻ𣿣
Ľŭö㰵ʩ峤Ϳļǻ˯ȥԼûǱУ͵߷˵ֽö񵰰Ŀ顣
ҼʱϵײӼȵգҪ˾ڵȡö񵰣ֳЦ
²⣬ȴ侲Σ͵ģ㻹ܲץס
ʱ棬ߣҪ׷ʱȻһɣҡԪͨն衣棬µ㻹кοɵ
΢üͷƻˮҵġԪأ
ͷ𣬱ٿ뵽ǸǰУԼֽ̹Ԫֻʱ˵ʼδͻơ
ʦþն裬뿪źʱȻҲԼİգ
˵ʹʦٺҲδ¹
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ȡ˵ϸ꣬ǰɫֻǷڻ£нɫ⻪ת
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ɣԼһ˿춯Щԥعᴩʺ
ƳȻɫ䣬˯ƼȻŮӽָһһػɳʱеĹƳճ̡
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̧ӭŮһЦ˽˵ұѡˡ
Ȼһ㽫ǿŷ˵͵ߡ
ԷͫȻһֹȴˡ
ֻɫ޵˫ɫ˲䣬һɫ⣬ĿС
̧ᰴԼСǹһĨƵЦڣҪͬҺ͸еĺӣһɱ𣿡
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ǣ㻹ϲ[]


85 ɴ
ĽݼҵҪץסѳ˵
ĽľȻǰȷһֱҴһûȥ͵˵
Ľһסڣʱˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Űô˴εĲ£ĽľʸϾڣԺڼĵλܸһ¥
ڣȻðŵķգҲҪ棬飿
֣ݺݽѵŮһХȻ
ĽоæתͷȥֻĽݸϿյҹĻѱ貵Ľɫ⻪⻪һֻڷɵĽ
Ҳ㶵ŴͣؿǷ׺ӵķȥ
֪˭һǷˣˣŻع
Ľ´ȵץסֻˣµ˲䣬˱ʧԭء
ջŭĽʱһ䣬ٿ
Ľľһۣ׷ͬˣ׷ȥ
棬ҲȥĽľ֣׷ȥ
׷ýˣŷǷצ¾ץһˣ˵ݣĽľɵþеˣСʦ㱻Ƿץסˡ
Ҳѹ˲ϵ׷ҹǷǵĹƣ׷÷˷ɹ׺ӣһؽ磬˾ˡ
ʱ׺ӳ˶ܿչ߷ɣĽݼʿʮں׷Ļ档
в֪ҹһ˭ģ߳Ŵ㿴֣ڵ־ɳϡ
˻δüһ䣬ƳҴұѣˣ㱻ֻץˡ
ʲô־Ⱦȳջеıʱˡ
гʵ֮ˣԵ޹ʣץʲô
Ƴʹ˷˵
ǻʲô˵ģҪ
˼ݹ⣬Ҳ׷ȥˡ
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ĽĿŤһ޺ݺݳڴϡ
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Ӷ԰ȻһƬյǧںϷĽݼγɶ֮ơ
Ľۼʱת˲ţٲģҲֻ÷
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־ɻŵˣ汻ֻ°ˣ˭ܹ
δ䣬һ𣬡ȥ
־תͷȴ˿Ӧڵİ建һʤѩҹɫɢŵ⡣
Ũĺ棬ҵͽȻҴ

׺Ӷɴ֮ϣŶɴطɣȸҲС
ڴϣͷδգĿɨԼסе壬ſʵ˵ɰȻ
΢΢ףֻüͷɽ塣
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ŭĿⱰɵ壬ȡѪѵ㻹÷˵𣿸Ͻ³
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Цֿ
Ⱦ̧ͫһ˿¶ҲޣˣСΨһĺӣ޹ϵƽǰ塣аֲأҶ㳥
ڴϣ֧ãһұ뿴㳤òķϣúദ˾飬Ҳֻðѻ˵ˡ
̧䣬ȾҿɲˣںС˵Ҫƽƽô˵ʲôʲôҿɲұ֤һ᲻ͻȻ裬ͱһ
µ˲䣬ڸָһˮȻһˮУСȥ
Ⱦͫ׵𣬼ǱܵԷѹ¡
һˮͷһʹڿܵķΧڡ
Ⱦͷµˣٿײһ˫ӯӯǹɺ˲ճŭ𣬡Ǹ𣿡
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Ⱦͷ˿ڻڵѪ۾̧ʱ۵׵ŭѱѹȥֻʣЭ
ûٴ򽻵ѿ͸ǵ̰ªĵ׶޺øСкεĵ⣬ĵһ˿ҲϨˡ
˺ĽݼЩҲûʲôա˽ҲֶΡ
ֻСУʲôҲ˳
Ⱦ̾˿޿κε˵ɣҪʲô
ָ̧֣ḧգҪ㣬Цһҿ
Ⱦһ


86 е
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ȾԭǻЦģֱ׵ַĿⶢţɵýסˡ
ǿǣܿ˰ɣ
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Ĭϣƫͷ¶ǴѪļˡ
򵥴ƣһڵֱĿ䵽ϣ̵ָһΪ壬Ӳη̻¶壬ɴ˿һ뵽Ůһֵսо˼׵
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ȴƫƫˣٵлˡ
ͨʿʲôأ

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ȾǷˣ̰ůϲȡ
ܿס̫ĳ嶯أ
ɵȥȴֶԷ촽ʵġ
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ΪԤϵһ˳ǰ¶ĿŮˣԥľܾˡ
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ֻתԸĽͬȥ㲻ܽ˵Ҳðʬ
ûֻҪʬ塣
Ľݼңֻ·һ
ԻûˣȻҲԻûǵǿԽ˵ߵԭ
Ľϲôεķȴһġ
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Ľʲ̶ѨĽݼѱôޣܵ˼ҵĵȥһ֣Ǿ֮ء
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治֪飬ֻŶɴԶȥ˿ǽᵤʿҲۼʦգԼȴ޲ˡ
ҵЩǣҲΪ־Ͷ侮ʯ
ϾŴҵĵλ򣬲䶥ʿʵҪᵤʿĶѡ̤ᵤױҲڲ˵ὫԵǸˡ
ǣĶҡȪղסôнأ
Ұܡ
ǰܻʦԭ£ʦôȥءԶͽ


88 ɽ
һչ򣬰ͬĽʷ׺ӱ˰
´ͬʱסŲͷңԶʡ
һֱķɣľɢŽɫâԲľˡ
˿̣Ƭص궯ţɣľķӿȥ
ڽᵤ΢ʱųĿܡ
ã𵤵ƿɲôͻƵġǰŲ٣ƿǰҲδܽᵤ
ԸιѹϣƽնҲٴߴ١нȻο޽ҲѰ̬
ɼƶ밮ͽ޹أĵһ˿
һΪ־ǷĻҲδʦ˵ûʹΪʦȴͽİνƱ磬վ
ᣬǰ;ޣһ֮˽ٵͽδأ
ѾǸصʦ𣬿Ӱȴʱ޿̲ĵ׻صľӳЦ̡
ÿÿ𴫹գʦǰϸڣŰ徹һȡ
ҪȥҪǾӵҪ˫Ĵ꣬սƴסЩ嶯Խѹ֣ȴǿңΪ᲻ɴݵĵľʹ˱Ҷҡ
գѪ
֪ѾһͿأҲֲһҹĲࡣ
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ʱԶڰ׺Ӷ԰İ׺ӳڣڸɵʿյ䡣Ȼʿڶɽ٣Ҳ֪ļҵĸ֣˵Ϊǿֲ
˵ʿǸɵмôһλ½ԪӤʿԸıĸ֣ǺŴڵ
˵ЩҲΪʱ磬Ͼ׽գǽʿڴˡ
ЩΪǳʿͬ񾳵Уʱ򣬱ѴϤУϳ˶ɽߵݡ
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뿪˺Ӱת˲Ȼ¥ķϣɫصķ
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أ˵õһĪأ


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Ⱦ׿ȥֻƲӿȭͷϸھ۳ͣƲ㴩ʱʱ֡
ףһ뽵
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˶ָ⣬һ˿ץסֻҵ֣֪ˣ͸ĸ׵Ľ飬ֱҪ㣬ֺڴ˿вȣ
ӹһ˿Цԭط˵İ취ѹҪԼ¡
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ҶķڵչлȻĵ£˴Ŀİɫӳ˫ӳŭ;ĽͫϢ
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ڸɣ֮·ϵİ壬ͣӰϤģݣĿ͵һ

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̵ǣľΧ˽ƣ޷ӶϾԼ·
ΪС˵ĴڣԷͬھ
оȻɿ˳ݼ⡣
ȥǵѪͬʱųһޱȶ˵Цݡ
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Ⱦһ͡
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Ⱦ̾˿ԣҵ壬Ҳ鷳㣬һָðɡ
ȻûĻֻԷսţһֵβ㱻ûˡ
ϴһĴУԷݺѵĴٴѪ˿ȴ˱򾡡
˵һǣ˵һνʳ
ȾǱ⣬ֻƷ
һֱŪӿͷƫ˿ֻ̺ڴֵļ϶һᡭҧ࡭
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յ˼㣬ȴѣиеһԡ
ڶ˽ǡ
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ٽĹͷ͵ؼҪҧֵ⣬ȶһɼ䴿㱻˿У˳ʺֱֵ
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ѰĻ˿̴˵ǺŹӡ
ȾЩû˵ʲô
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л˵
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˿ڶԷϣҲһ𣬸һ޵ĻľߵĻ
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𾪵ؿսģɰǧ˿ӰŨмӶͻȻֵİ幥ȥĿ罫Է󴵵졣
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ԽԽˣʼ࣬ҪõӦҪԼЦҪӵ뻳Ȼ󡭡
ʦ𣬾Ȼͽԭ
ĳҹ֣Ĵ
һ˲˯оѹ
л˵
˺ܶ[]
ʦȻû滹һϷҪݣٺ[ī]


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˵꣬Ӧʱת뿪ķ䡣
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Ϊһж޷ҡģֱ֪ʲôһͿء
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ͫһ𣬽Ų͵ضס


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һЦƶ赣ˡʻǷһŵȻӦʡ

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һԾ
磬ʵΪһнԿá
־ɶʱҪ˵Щʲôȴվԡ
ĩǵ΢֣ʲôסһλԪӤʿ
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л˵
Ǹ쿨ˣжŶ[]
С糡
ĳߣǴˣʵ˿ٳɱˣplayѡ˭һأ
⡣ôѡ˭أ


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ӣԵǿԲᣬȡ˵ȴĿ֮µʵձĽݼһ 
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תλɫϣִϣȥֻǷǶԴλöϣ
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϶ٵʮֲϲԼΪͻƣһɱ̤ԪӤ·춼Ҫ֡
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ֻһӰӺˮ˪ϰĶм䡣
԰ϲżҵѪۣĿģ˾㵵ǣܾտյΡ
ɵõɴ۾ʧס㲻ǽ̨Ȼţ
Է̧кɭȻԭء
忪ڣ־ǰһѱסʦ㣡ʦ֡ôѵѵ
ƿţ˵ų̂ȵ޻ţΪԶһۣŻѵʱ
ʵԼʱ־ɱɣֻǲԸš˿׶֤ʵޱȾŭ
͵Ťͷȥǰ㣬ʦ棿
״ǵ⣬еǶûԩ˰ɣа߱ʦ治ɫֻǼҳ㷹һ㣬콫ѺϳֻͣŻ
Ϊ⻰һʹмҲó͡
һЦҺʱ˵Ĵ̨ƵúãǱҾȡ˵ڵ£ֲָֻŰɣ
˶ɵˣԭأԼˡ
ȷ˵˵˵Ĳֱֻۣӣ
죬βżһ˿߱ʦǴ
۽޶̧ĸԸθɣ
Ҳıʾˣۼʧһۣŭػͽʵڷ˼оɲĪҩˣʧǣ
־ɸɫǺ죬ʦ㣬ѵ汻ϲɣɱˣ㻹άʲô
ȴ̧ԶĿС
ǰᣬ¾˭㻹ô
Ȼųǰʵһ
ţ࣬ڳһ˶ȻŹԼˡ
ǰڵɹͻԪӤҲãܳ⡣
ԩҲѱˣԷһۣǽ̤뻯;Ѿϧ˴ˣ¼һ㣬ֻһ޲ˡ
ԼǰȥΪˣƺ̫Щ
û뵽Ȼάѵ˵вʲôƣ
ۼԷ԰߽ȻǣһЦʦŲõˣƺɡͽңǺõĺء
ĨǳЦ⣬Ժȴظֳǰǰ˹ʯשϰʹģȻһˮ׵ӿۿ䡣
ԲһȫΪʦĴ
δ˵꣬һΣŹڵأǵ𵴣Ļʹε
΢һʱ治«ʲôҩֻޱؿš
ƽڣãҽ̨ôҲǣͽ̣ʦ֮ӽұڣұİ·
̧õ֣ǣסڣҪߡ뿪ҡ
ӣ赭ʦɣ˸˵Ҵ󲻾Ҫץȥϳˡ
ɫɷף͵³һѪڰ䦿һ졣
㡭ѵ
ĨѪɫжһ˿ζѵʦҪ֮λø𣿡
廹δڣ־ȵ㼴̸뿪ֻûˣ
ǰײܣǰ̰ᣬһʱͿ£·ĴĻǡ
תҪߣϥǰסȣ۵㲻ǰĥ𣿰㣬ʹ಻ôĥҶԣֻ㲻Ҫߣ
оǷ˲ɣ
˪𣬴˿ȴȾѪԼǰధ״ȷЩ
˷ء
ָṴ򥣬ЦЦʦ𾹾㰮ңͽǻְ̿Ҿ֪Լ㵹
ָĦԷȾѪĴǣսϣѹֻǣ˰˿̾Ϊͽ澡ʧڳλֻҪЦˡ
ǱŪʹˣü΢ȴģסָԡ
޷Ҳںô롣ͳͳͳ㡣
ָסĴһĨᵽЦպ塣
ǳɻòãұѸ£㲻ֻҵͽҴΨһĵ¡
һ


102 
ɻ飿
֪Լ˵ʲôȻҪһŮӵ޽ԼŮӻǺԶһ۵ͽ
˻ĵ飬侲Ҳ̲סЦ
ֻĿⴥȻ飬΢
ڣ־ȸȵ˹أȻ־壬ھ۷磬커ȥ
۷𾪣͵ػعʱǰȥ塣
־ɻܣλ֪ʦͽѶ㲻棬ûڰĹء
ԣ˽
Լͽ飿
Ů˺ŮҲܳɻôְ
һ˲ʱ
ЦڵĹأҿǰڸ˿ģ˭֪أ
־ɫޱѿȵ˵ʲô
Ц˵ΪΰҪͽߣʦͽǵ˭õҺ˵
־ֶ㡪
һԾڵԻֲ´󣬹һЦʲôװ׵ڣҿǸɹ֮ɣŽĥ֮񱡣ʦͽãȫ˻죬ҪįͣҸʹ졣
Խ˵Խòᣬȫǰȹ½ɣ˵ͨˣԭԴ˰Ų׷ء
Ȼֹ
һɷԻ˵ɳȥˤˮĽ
ǱϰĨȥϵˮϸ¶ŭݣδǿѹȻǽڿ죬Ƭ̣㱻ѹùڵء
Ի̧ͷָֻ߽ĵزޱ鷢ʵŷδ壬˵һ顣
ɫɷףһ󾪾塣
𵤾ԪӤĲǵ˿̵Լ޷֮ңʦ𶼸ɱҲɵڡ
ҡ˵Ӻʦżɣʵɾ£ԻЦ
üǣŮŮɻ鲻Ǻ𣿡
Իͷ亹ŵŮȢΪã죿֪飬ؿɼ
ԣȤЦ촽һĨζĻȡ
Ȼʦؿɼô㶨ʮɡλڣ֤ʱλ͹ݰ٣мǲҪ˱Ϻ񡣡
һһԻæͷ
˵꣬ĿֲѹɢӶȻһᡣ
ϲͬʱ߷ߣԸƬ̣£һʿҴˣĶӡ
˼״ͷһݣ˿ڿˮٲҶԡ
屻Ʋ£ңⷬеľ˲仯˿ϲ
˵ǰץס֣㷽˵ĿģԸ⡭ҳɻ飿
ǺЦȴһƬʦ˵ֻҪͽԸ£ʲô𣿡
İһ
ϧʦƫҪԻߣˣݹˡ
һΣҿɲˡ
ָ̧֣ǳѪۣˣ˻ѵһоܾɣ
ͫһ

ͬĵӣݺݴʹģ˲ʱ׹Ԩ

Ϊٶôһ˿İ⣬ŸԸ㾡ȥֲԭô
ΪΣҪӦأ
뱧סԷ̧֣㱻ƿˡ
ҴӦľҪͬȥʦ㡣ʦˣǳŰɡתкľߡ
ԶȥıӰ⽥
档
ϲô
Ҳǣ£൱ഺʢԼʦȱ֮ˣȻҪöࡣ
˼ˣؿȻһۣѶϵۣҲһܵĻʹ
ֻֻͬǶһǰ䣬þõĥ
ʹ໯ɱ⣬ס
ɱɡ
ˣ㲻뿪ԶԼߡ
֪϶ġ
Ѿ̫ˣټȥˡ
ѾӦˣôǻʲôõĵأ
ȥ׵ĻɬǹһĨЦ־ɣǻȥɡ
־ɫûеڷãȥ˵
𣬻Զȥ
ҲҪߣͷȴֲƳӰȻɵӦĸȥˡ
ɵ̾˿ն
漴к뿪
ִƻʧܣ֪ƾץסģҲˡ
Ƭ̣׺ӺӰӰɢ

ңԺ
ƿԺʱֻ谵£һϮг
ҧסǰ亹乣˫սָڱýҰףѵһʯϡ
˫֣о֮ɫ
翴ʮֲ̣Ҫǰ͵֣һס˽棬滮Ѫ졣
ɫһ䣬ǰһ߬סѪһ⿪סָ
㣬ְһʱò𽣣ο˺Լأ
Ŀն·о˿ʹ⣬һֻò𽣵֣ʲôã
漴óɴ˿ڡ⸱һ겻ӣܣȴ֪ΰοźá
Ȳ˵ˡת˻ͷѾӰ׺ӳǻˣƺЩˣҪȥ𣿡
֪⻰ɫȴҰˡ
ĬΣˣŮɲȥأ
ͬһλ꣬ƮԺš
״ʹе㣬ҪȥɣȴŲֻͣᲽȥ
ߵԺ⣬ֻ־޿ߣ־ͷתӲСţµӰվš
ڴ޿õأҺ־˻ظҲ¶˸ǣҶûΪΣ뽣󡣡
ҧ˴սˣ˿ٶȱѡ
ȴ־Цһţձԣ㰵ʩħϣӮ˽ء
͵صɴ۾ʲô
ѵ֮Ի־һʱʧ֣Ϊڰвٿأ
ֻ޿ˣҷѾ˼Ϊ·뽣󣬽أʱգԾδ
⻰ٿӿۿ
һֱΪԼʵá־ᣬŻ־
ϡ
ΪΣΪǸ̵ĸףƫǸδӮ־
ʱһŮ𣬡Ҳ̫־ᣬܻ꣬ɳġ
ĸ׵һĶȻס
ţĸ׾ȻҲ֪¡
ΪʲôΪĸף֪ԼʲôΪҲҪ
Ҳ̲ס̧һ鴰ˣҺÿడ


103 ٷ
˽һš
޿ȷӦͬ˵̬ȣ
涢濴˿Ρ
Щ̻Ŀ⣬˿̱ͬһŵǰıֽͳͳ˺÷顣
εıӺݺݳУʹӿֹĶġ
е¡
޿еȷûа⣬ƢʤȴӲأ˵ֿ
ʹ֪
ֻڳ׵ϣȥί벻ƽѹȥ
ȴ̧͵Ц
ףҸֻ־׿˵ҪףΪ˻ǵõڶ˭ôģ֪־ǸĲݰȴԲϧħҲҪλ
޿Ķײûδڣ޻Ⱥǳ棬־ĵܵܣô˵ǲݰء㿴⸱ӣһȵϳ־
⻰𶯡
ϴձյĸţΪĸ׻Լĸֻдδָܵõʦӡ
ܵʱĸ׵̬֣ȴƭԼǲĸױ׾İοԸ롣
ǡ
ԭǸͲʲôοĸ׷ĵʵ
ΪԷѰȫָ־ӲʤԼĲݰϡ
棬ֱղſأ޴
ĸסȻʣˮӯʧ
ǿŲˮ£һһ㻹ǵ˵ⱲźǼ޸׺ȷʦ͵ȪҲֻ֮߸ԼҹƴʹƣˣҲҺһۣһʹΪź
Ȼ˻ƣˮһӿۿա
üгһյִ뽣ʱ὾ظ˵ƣҵŮµһĽޡ
޻ס
ΣŲܿߣҲǵø˵Щ㸸һֱҸûʲôźġ
еĹ⳹Ϩˮɺϡ
־е㣬ҪòٱһΡʵܽȥڵΪľҲֻ˰ˣαֿأ
俴
òٱһΣҲκα仯
ðҪȿԡҪ۹ƽǲǵðѸµħεأ
㡪־һʱԣתͷ޿ͶȥĿ⡣
޿ݸһصġ񣬻棬̫ͿˡħħĶħϣܹεģҪ𽣣ΨпԼ
ڣͬˮ˿
Ѳ޿˵κһ֣ĵ˵ô࣬һ˼ҽ𣿡
޿Ŀҿû˵ܽ⡣ÿħζ˺˶𣬱ȥֲԭ¡ΪħҪÿ׵ִɣʵⷨҲ򵥣ֻҪܵͷħ
Ҫ־ǲܵ飬ܷҲߵһˡ
޿Դ֪˵⻰ҲΪ˰ħȰԹ
Ϊ滹һ꣬ʲôҲûУתͷߡ
޿ӵ̬ȼŭģȵվסȥģ
ͷҲأȥܽħˡɹԺǽһ׹ֱȥ
޿һѵϻʿ˰γħô֪
ȵȡ
Īħÿף˺ĳˣ
عеˣס棬̤Ű벽
ǣ峤Ӱӳ˲Ϣ׷ǵ׹⣬¡
޿޻־˸ϵʱֻ԰ˮӿ߲ľˡ
Ǽλüҡ
޿ɫֱ̧һĳЮϢƷ͵ػ󱳣⧲ʱ͵ںϡ
ӣתͷ޿оǷŭ޿һҪһ·ϸң
޿ֱɫ࣬ȵѴСѺط½ƣϼӿܣûҵ̤벽
Ҫǰȥץ첲һ⣬Ҫʲô
澪ϲ̧ȴ첽־гȴʱס
ãħѽ⣬òˣʲôǰ;βͶأ
޺޵صһۣʲôͶǽŽͶأ
δ䣬һѹһΣҧأƬ̣͵³һѪ˫ϥعڵء
һУ硪
޿࣬״Ǹĸ׺úý̽ˡ
ŵ̧ͷѵ˽жΪʲôҪ
޿ɫͣˣҲ˵磬ס󣬴ӽԺ־ӡ
͵ĵɴ۾ֻ㣡־Ǹ
磬Ҫ˵ˡ
Ѿ䵽˵ز޷ĿܣûҪ硣
ն˵ûԺǸˣûҪάҡ
ûᣬϵıȥȿ޻ѿҰ޹⡣
ҡվһ࣬ƿ޵֣أԼߡ
֪˷ԹԻȥֻθװڲҲ߲ˡ
бѡ
ʲôµһĽޣʲôҼһңɼΰˡ
Цǣأܹټʦһ棬һԭ£˵һ䣬ʦ㣬Ѳˡ
ѾҲԸˡ
ôˣĸϾ֣һ͸ϤȻ
͵ؽסתֻϦĺˣ˿̾վڲԶ¶£¡
һ𣬾лǰѰĳɵһ٣һѣָƲסط
޷˼޷
վԵľȫûע⵽
Ӽ¶лع޿Ƶؿڣǰôˣӻʲô
ЦᣬȻʦ㣬ͬһܸ𡣡
޿СŮ岻ʣͣλɡͿ͡
濰ƽһ󼤷ߣڣȴĲɣˣͲˡ
ѾӿߵĻֱȥ
ʦùȻ뿴ɣ˿̳Ҳֻᱻܾ
治Ծҧ˴ٴ׹ȣǡʱһﴫУʦҪҰ𣿡
ҡ
ΪԼˡ
̧ͷȴȻվ¶£ЦЦߡ
ʦþȻҪԼ
ǴǰҲһϥǣɴ˿̣ȴȲ
һƿǰޣ˵ǰ
һ˫ˮ˲󡭡㡭
΢ǣʲô
ݣѽ飬㡭ߡ
һ仰ľһϵȥ
һ˲֫һᶨס屻ǰֱС
󲮸ʦƺҪ໰Ҫͬ˵ұȽˡ
˵ţĿӹһԱѹڵص磬һ
ţһǿѹ޿ϡ
پһᣬԾǰСʦ㣬Ҳȥ


104 ĥ
֪ΪħҲ޷𽣣Դ˲ġ
ͬľȥҿԷҲǳںġ
׻˵󲻻磬ҹС
̤ԪӤձΪŽ޵ʦ㣬ȴղס˵ĵλ˸ߵܷŹҫĺûأ
ɱҪѽ
˿һܰɣǰ̤ĵƭӣȴʤٱζ׶֮ʹ
һ뵽ϣ¶̲ס˴ǡ
ʦԽܣԽǿء
δϵ󸮺󣬾ײһĻ
ֻ浹Ţ֮С£ʱȴˮ͸¹£ҵķ˿ڲ԰׵ϣ˫ĿףȴʲôҲûУڵͫҪɢһƬޡ
ɵ´⻹ǡ
ء
վ¶ŵӰһǱӡ
ڶԷҡվҪ߻ȥʱôˣĸϾ֣
˼ľţͷ͵һΣŻת
¹飬δһľ㵣Լڷŭָ
Ǽ
ϴȡ˵£ʦԼĺء
ֻ˿ҵģϧˡ
Ȼʶ̳֮һǶ飬ŢǼȤ顣
ôϲ棬ҲФüֻۣ
񣬿մŢԲʧȴֻҪԼ¿ధ¶Ҳ޷ܵ顣
װҪ뿪ȴܣʦ㣬ҪҰ𣿡
ҡ
˭ѱѡڴ˿̵ԣ޿صǰյ˵ͷ
Ȼһ˲һ
˫̺βѱˮ͸촽ţ³󡭡㡭

̬ĶȤζõ˼㣬Ҫࡣ
΢ǣʦʲô
漴㿴԰׵ϸպ޵ı죬ˮʪ۽ͣʦáߡ
ʹѾٰԷ˳׵Ǽȡõ
ĳͷ١
׼ϺټЦžܾ䳹Ԩ
ҡţȥɲǣı⡣
֣˻Уֽס֫ûзſ
뿪󸮣ڲԶ˼ջס
սţ㽫ƿˣ͵͵ллл
ЦлңҿɲȻᣬҿҪϢġ
ɫ˲ʱѿˡ
ɵüô˵ͷ
ϧٺңҲֻҵ
һϸ˿ָᲦԣĵðһԾԾԵͷܿ͸ѹˡ

ճѨѣ˵Ĵ˿̵ɡ
沢֪ĵа뷨Դ˸Ǻ
ϲСʦ㣬̫ʱˡû뵽Խôģ㣬žʲô
ľҲһǣ棬㻹ô
ǿԼȥ򶨵ؽԼ͵¼˵һ飬֪ǰԼжôЦ
ţ޿־ͬ޻һһ١
꣬ǵؿ棬ô죿ҿ϶ǲܻȥˡ
߬ȭͷֻɿҡһҪȥҡ
ľüͷɸֵ棬ѵǻᷭȻҿʹ˸һϣǻȥ
ҡҡͷҶһԣ뽣󡣡
ǽλĩ׵ʿţûм˭Ҳܽȥ
ǰҪӲҲǵԪӤĸֲС
δ䣬ľ뿴
Сʦ㣬ܰôҡҿԽȫļҵ㣡˵
ľȴ֪˵֮
ʦ㣬ƽԸǽ뽣󡣶ĽݼѾ㸲ҽǶ֮ףȥȡǰ񽣣ǵóԸǲҲڶһݿԽԣһΰɣô
ȴҪңôȴأʦ㻹һŲء
ľ⼥ڽɵûһۣѵ˻ûкͺ
˵ЩȰϣȴѿڴϣ磬ľȳȥɡ
תЩҪʦ˵
ľ˳˷䣬ϣֻʣ
ֻǶһңȴĪÿϡ΢͡
ѾҪΪǰ£Ǹ
ʦãҡ
Ҫ˵ʲôҲںҲ
ڣ߹¡
һӣǰĿƽ
Է̫ѹȸˣڿһİˣĮ
پĿڴʹѡѵܾܾʦõ½⣬ô۶ԷҪʲôֻ
ʦҪҲֻܹԹԳܡ
߹ȥűϡ
һƬž
Ҳ޷۲Ͷһ󲻰
Ҫ㱻סˣһûҵͷ
漴ƱĴɫȻףһʶҪת룬ΣԼҪʦõ½⣬㲻
ȻҪĥɣ
ʦûؼǰ飬ŻƶĿ֮λʵܡ
Լǰôֵ£Ͳõ½ġ
۾иԼ۽ʦҪĥԼܺһʹ
Ȼһ˲͵۾𶯡
𡭡
Уع𱳼Ȼ˵С


105 Ϸ
һ˿ȵĺϣʦ㲻ԸôǱˣҲϲǿȱˣ߰ɡ
µͬʱɿ
ãȻһ˲
ǿȡǿʲôҪĥ
˿ѡ񣬵Ļѡ
û˼ʱ䣬пڣûСԸġ
軹ǱʲôֻҪʦõ½⣬Ը⡣
һЦʦĳȥأΪҰ뽣󣿡
ţָסĺ󾱣ͬԴ㣬Ħһϸ΢սżɢ
˵ǵģȻδüڣľ̽ڣһѶϡʱֻһת˲ϸƣ賤ܸȫ
ĲʹǱʹԳܵ⡣
֮ǰδԼУеֻ΢Ĵסɪɪ
˲ʱˡ
ҧס´й¶˿δ̫߳ˡ
Ժз飬ʦΪƫҪֶأ⾿ǳᣬǳ⣿
֪Ψһȷֻһ㣬ǾʦٶдȤ
뵽˴֪ûϲǸѹ
Σϸ룬˫ؼ尾Ϻܿһ㱡
ȥҲó֮һ״ֻ类ĥʺӡǣŰˡ
ݼأ걻ҧ÷ףǿҵܸ߳ɫǵͨ죬ü
Ѿ˰ɡ
ûֵͣ뷨
Ψңѣڽе״벻ȫ¶ǰ
ܿͷ֣˵̫ˡ
ŵǵĥƺֻǰϷֱ䣬ŷɢһء
ʶȴһΰαϡ̧ڣҲסϥϡ
ʣ±£˫ȣȫˡ
һȴоһĿ⣬Լϣζһֻչ衣
е쳣߳ܣ˶ڷ̣ײطһ⡣
ôԡʦô˹֣һҪ˵زſ½
ȴ򿪡
һִֻ̧°ͣ˾ĲĿ޼ɵش
ʦԼҪҰ㣿
Ȼһÿ¡ҪǸز
뵽ʦõǴʱܾǰе̱㶼׷ˡ
ջ
̣ǹǿҵĴ̼ǳǣۿٿȻһ죬ˮչ
¡ϲ߳ܡʹࡢ󡭡ָӵ֯һ
ĥԳܵģĵ׷ӿ̰ҪҪӵҪʵܵԷ¡
ûһ̣˿㣬ʵоϲʦãҪ
ʼֻվ󣬸߸ϵؿţ٣ȴĲλĸ衣
ڣ˵ˡ侲
òӣ˵˵ʲô
˵㷽ţҪҵĻ
ٶָ⸧ļ
еָƤһƬսѴϢţŬҵԼ
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Ǵ˰ɣһϲ
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106 æ
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ͲǴ˽֮ˣǺһҲ硣
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磬ͬĻһֻǼ䱻ʱӡֱĳǰļűѡ
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־һҹ飬һܵ޿УеѵҪǸĽݼѾ˸ҲТľҿɲۼҲһ
޿ǳסʲôȥڣʱֻ˴˵ĸײأܲԹԻô
־ɫٻϸЦǵϻؿɴӦˣҪý㵱ҵ¯Ϊɸңںͷ죬˾á
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ǰҲţԼŮ㣬Ҽ޿ȴܵЩмǣһŮӷʩʱ涨ȻƣӦ˵Ŀǵĳ־µµΪʲһ
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޿־ϵЦݶʱס


107 
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ԭء
ҹԷӵڻлǣѵֻĻôԷӡµĺۣǷΡ
ΪѾͺΪʦûͻȻ̬ȣ赭أ
洹˼Ƭ̣漴Ȼ
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108 
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һ˲ʱ׹ߡ


109 
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޿ˣĽֻɭɭһڽΧܲ͸硣
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ȻȴϴˣԲʦ㣬㻹ǽ˰ɡϲõ˸ݣԺܵóԸ
˵꣬ɴس֣ǰߡ
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óԸû㣬ĵóԸأ
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⵽ĿִֵѴﵽʮǣϲͨ
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޿ѾȵЩͷˣǽ֪ܲڳȥˡ
־ͬѣˣҽҪֵΪҲûˣ
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ͫһţ澹Ȼõ񽣸ݣ


110 
־ǵãһν뽣ʱ档ҺĲᣬı£ȴó
Ҳʱ֪ս񲢷ҵȣǱұѵĳˡ
Դˣܿͽˣ˭óܿأ
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δ˵꣬һԵ޿㽫ϣˡǻڵʲô콫Ů£
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ΪԼģɵ津˫ϤΪ֮һ
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иȴ͵ڴߴ١治ɫȻɫĹâ˿˿ƵĺɫԽѸӡ
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ʱ˹ǰʦ㣬㸸ףôɱأ
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޿Ǿ岻ѣ˻ҪҴˣ֪ˣҿԸգλþøǰɡɱҡ
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Ŵȴû

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ƳվſڣĿĺֻ˲Ųϲӹ׵ɫ
Ҹ㣬ҪŻУϲɫҪġ
źɫ֣˲ʱס


111 
ƳعͷһĨЦޣȴÿˡ
Ŀĺһףչŵѩ
ֻϱۣܿտմ䣬ƽһ飬ʵöǡ
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ת룬ܶ£ǰй¶տڲԡ
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岢д̣ݺͣøһСƽ϶ѡ
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ǰˣֻʱû˵ʲô
ڲһȳ˻飬Щ˶öˡһӾ͹ˣþһȥֲȥá
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ܹ˵ʹӣվĵطΪҳϵİ⣬ѾҸˡ
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һƳ̧һֱˣ˿վڲԶ
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΢ЦǣǻԼһء
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һǻ͸ˣΪϲ𣡡

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ͨһڵأ亹乣ˣ¾ްԣǰͻȻ֣ͽץˣ
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˼ˣʱϲصظȥˡ
ȴ֪һμչ⡣


112 
׺ӳǱ幥ݺ󣬶ضС
ַİ׺ӳǳΪ˷棬Ψڳȥ
ҪջĽݼҵɽһӲ̡
ִĴң𵽰׺Ӷ԰ûĽݼҵպֻºѹܿˡ
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Ҳ˵ġ
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ִپһ󷢺
ʵ˷ܹݰ׺ӳǣȫдٳɡ̰ȻҲûгγʧְأ
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ǸȫЩİ취ˡ

ڣɽ
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Ҫ㡣
˭
üò˵˰ɣҲ̫Щ
ȻĻشȴϡ
ԷԳȾ


113 
̬ȣ֪ڣġ
ΪޣԼһлĽݼܵѹҲӶֻһһԼĽ
С㱻̵ǿʤ䲻Ϊ޵һȣǿʳЩ޼Ϊߣֲñ˼̤
ֱ˵ıѣ͹ȣҲΪ˿۵ߣڶˣǿߣ̤ߡ
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ܸߣ壬˫۾÷·ܿġ͸һҰԣξУҲһֻƴݡ
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΢΢һЦ޳ɣֻǻ֪˾ܳ𣿡
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濴¶죬֪ãĵһ˿صĿ⡣
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Ͱ͵ӣһ٣漴
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ȥů⣬񶳵̫õˣէȻů⣬ֻʹ
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ۣȴǴִԼġ
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114 ļ
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Ƴ۾Ȼһͬȥҳ¹ʯһ͵ĹΣƯˡ
Ҫ˽˵һС
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סԭ⻰
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ԣˣֻΪйޣҪǽնִ˽ǰ
ڶԷ˶ִǣǱԼĽ޹ء
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˼ˣ֣Ƴ㻹һ⡣
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۾Ц⽥ðλдĸ÷֮λʱðúðһݣǱȤˡ

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÷پ͸ǣһ

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֥ڵϣҲҴƳԶһӣзŵĲˮɫ
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һƵӸߴȵȡ˵ʲô
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115 
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ϴϰͨ½縴Сʧܣ̶ܿŭ󣬽ȥһСʱ
ɡɾѾɹͻԪӤˡһֱֻС档
ϰͨд֣Ȼȴд쳣ѣ˴Сʱſдһᡣ
뵽ģԸΨһ취
Ҳе˾ʣķǿидֻطй켣дһ֣ǰս
ǰϰͨһֱΪġ
⻰Ȼж˾žص˵ϡ
ԪӤҪǿидԪӤʿˣľǧҲԶԶ
ˣˣһжˡ
ȥֻ¹˶ãܶɽٳɹصˡ
룡Ҿҵ;
ϰͨһĺУ˵ǰһĿʮеؼзţһһбİ취
ȻĿס
ˣˡִҪԸ
ϸ룬Ǹ໶ȷʵ̫ˣӺܲŻᱻˣת
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Ѱһڣչһʱ䡣
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ȥı飬ȴ̲ס̧ԵؿſӡֻҪܵõ½⣬Ը⸶һС
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ȴģҲǱ
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˹ȻǴˡ
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116 ͵
ʱٿתʮġ
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ԴӰ׺ӳǹ־ɱҪɻһ´ΪջΥʦʹʦʱ䣬δǹ
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ס
̧֣ҿ
汻һ飬ôˣΪң
ӣʦ㱻𣿡


117 
ɫ΢һ㣬촽ԲʦҪǲϲԺ˵Щˡ
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ңûԤ֮еۣһָĥʴǵֱСһܿƵس鴤ˮʧذӿۿ
Ȼҧһڡ
ֻۣʹ£Է˳ɢ䣬ֽ̧һƷ˿󣬴Ц㣬ʦÿ
پļ²ѣӿһ͵⣬ϲļ䣬ȴ־ò
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ϴڰ׺ӳ⣬ԷʴʣߺȥˣҲǸӲļһʱһڴӦ˵ҪϺء
Цܲصİɣ
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ȥʹһСն衯סǡ˭֪һԪӤѹҹԭλͨ쳤ҲڴϡеĸݣЦ˵Уʵ˷ѡҷ༥ƷԡΪƷȴģֻѸġ
Щؿ˽һۡ
û뵽ԼǰôøèƵģϱȴȴǰҪǿӲ
ʲôڵˣ۸ڶ˵ֻǳϲưոݡ
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˿̻ö˶˵վ֪һδʵһνµģ
һЦҽӵģǸҽӵġͷûϵɫ࣬ȴôԼֻˡ
һݱһڽ𵤾޵ѪΪҪԪӤһȻѡ
ֻ쳤ϰҪԣһۣ֮ǰΪȴǰֻ²Ķ֡
ңɣ˾ڣбҪ鷳
ǻ˲ˬ
ǲ۰壬ڿ衣
΢Ҫ˵Щʲôʱſڴ
ҿԽô
֪ˡ
ʦˣʦҪô̧оί
΢üңô㻹ҪҹͲʦһģ
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Ƭ̣ȿˣȴǽ档
üʲô
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ѹвã΢΢ףҪݣȻƳԷһǳĳݺۡ
˲ʱӭһ⣬ѪҺŭġ


118 
˵֮ǰβվӣ
廰£һȵѹͬʱ
پ縺ɽѹÿ졣ʦֻоأԴ֪ҪɻǷݾرѵȻ޴档
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ʦȶƼˣѵףʦﰮ˭Ӧ飬ʦΥסˣסġ
¼꣬󣬴˿⻰ȴǲȻɫĶҡñǰλҪҡ
Ŀһʹͷһ𣬾Ѫӿ
Ըţﰮǽ档
ǰǶμȴĿ˯жʦ㡣
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¿Ѫ۾ʱһ˫ͫʼż޹⡣
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ӭЦСʦôǷݺǲǺûѡ
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ݣȴбڴϣһޣüĿ˿飬ǡ
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һЦȴΣգñ졣»ֲ๣ٶ˵һ䣬Ҫ
ƳĿֱɱңҲҪ˵Ͳ㣬ٷһóȫɴ
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Ƴ۵Ƴ׾ӵݼδ̫Цˡ
Ȼȴһ۵ؽƳڻ̧ʵʦô


119 
ɫ˰ף΢ѾðȣѰ·
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ֻת˸ݡ


120 
ԭֵĻ˲˱ֳһڱ֮ƲһĹ㳡ϡ
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ްؽΪʲôΪʲôҲ᣿Ŷʮ갡ŷ˵ĻӤҲˣƾʲôϵ趼٣

أһͼС
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ԻɫɷףֽеԼӦģûӦ㲻ܿҡתӡ
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ɴ˿̵ѲǵǸ˰ڲίȫˡ


126 Ķ
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ˡ
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ˣܻȥ
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Ͷģܲ㣬һˡ
Ӱһ͡
޷ӶԷŲֺȴǿӲЦһĲӮġ


127 
˿٣ſӰ
̧֣һֻͨ͸ĺģɫ΢⡣
ڤε֮ʹʱȴǰϡʱ֪ܲܶӮˡ
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ײɵûһ˿ζأ
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ҵĶˡãȹһᣬȴĪΣգ˼Ƿ

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漴ʵƳأ쾿ʲô
Ƴ̧ɵ۾ƽý졣
ڣ㶪ңħˡۿħޣɱˡ
һ


128 þ
һ۱㿴Ƴѡ
Ϊʲô⺢Ӳϲ
̾˿޴֪ƳϾʲôǾһصĴص׸ı
Ӱɺ
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ħԻ֡ǾΪȨӡҲʿװ󷴵ȫ˵һҶ󡣡
˵꣬ƳһۣƣǵطǸơ㲻ԸڼֺαشǸطأ
ƳɫԾƽ˰һʦԽơ
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ĩĳȴѳȡԺӰƵģһƬš
Ƴһᣬãҡҡ塢ڡѾȫˡ

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132 
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δͣЪǳô˻תʼͻԪӤƿ

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÷Ƴִ˷վλۻʿĽǣƾˡ
˿̣ҡڡڵȸʿȺ󵽴С־ɡȾԼڵ̤ϼװ塣
˿ڵҴ֮Ϊħȷ棬ʲӴ˴
˵ţָ̧ɽɽɭڵʥ̾޳ǣͻϮƵУ
ǽͷҲѲԴħޣͬ̾ںɽһʱܱ
ɫ΢ˣħ̸Ƽɭϣȴȷλں̨Ǵúþ
һ䣬˶ηѱգħ̺ʱܳ
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˷׷׼Цһˮ޺˿ȡΨƳʹ۽ޣһԡ
ŭɶת뵽ѻУҲ˿⣬ֻǿѹŭӦǡ
ת򻨾ȾǺͬƽ˷ܾǰ㻡
Ⱦеɫ˺һۣΪƽǡ
˵ȥˣ·ħ̡
˱վڴϱ߹սħײϣɫⷨǵص䣬ħǱŭХ
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սһʼ֪ʱܹͣ¡
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ƳֻԶɱж̡Ȼ֪ħа֪к˶޹ˣҲϧֻǲҵΪ
ңʹҽӮˣҲòʲôʵԵĺôǻ˵ơ
ʱǱ֮УҲǿˣ˺÷ʲôˣҰĲ²ֶΡ
ħһ綼ǵͳ£ʱ治֪ʲô⾰
ʵûʲôҰ֮λϾ˭ҲᡣΨһ󣬶ѰһƧ֮ˡѣضգƽȵ
֮Σ壬Ǳħ̽°ߣҲ֪Ƿƽ
뵽˴ƳӿУһѹ
ʱϺɫƲȻӿ漴ܼɢţһŴĿϼӸ߿£ֱֱ޳ǵĽ֮ϡ
۸ĸ͵һ˿˿Ƶ׷ϼֵλֶȥ
Ƴ֪ʲôڵãؼħͻƻ񣡡
ʲô÷͵ǰ㣬˫ĿԲǲš
ħһ񾳵ӰѾѶԸˣһǸӼ֣
Ⱦ棬ڳ˶Ը⿴
֮ϵպȻŲԶƬϼ⣬ɫӣصλʿĿ
૵˭ѵǸģ
÷ȴѴлعƶģ
˶ʱ˿
һ궼󼰵ľ磬Էˮһ򵥣˵Ҫƫأ
ƳǵĲ²⣬ĿͶϼķ򣬺޲ܴ͸ǺĳǽӰ
˲δ⵽ħ޵裬ٶͻƾ
ƳһΪϲһ־ÿɬ
ûиϵˣûǣԶԷԸֻ࿴һۣ˷ʱ䡣
ˣԼ˾ж顣
ûüֵĶϸñ
ƳУֻмüֵأ
ǻǣһĨɬĻȣָ߬ˡ

Ϊͻƻ춯𾪲ʱϼĵΪƽ۾
ѹпϲ֪һڵı仯
ԭӤԪӤ˿̳˲٣꣬ϵȥü˼Ӣ
ϴҲȻ޼᲻ݣ˵ǣʶڵ˵ǰֻһС˿̱ѳ󺣡
ֻ棬תҲ·ͻ̥ǣ˵泩ڡ
δųȥһ˿ٳԼУΪһ塣
ĵͨ顣һɣֻ֣ǧϢؽԷ֮УɽΪܣͬʱܲϼȡԷΪΪá
ͨͼΪ£֪Ȼɵѡ
ˣջʰʱδ͸¶ԼϾϱȱȽǣƽǷǡ
ֻǣڽС΢Ҳ㲻˵Ĺݺ
յ飬ɶˡ
תֹۣȥҹڽ˿ٳˡ
һ֣ʸ˲ʱջأڡ
ƿţȴ⣬ɫ
һڳˣŴڹǰһ㳷˵ء
΢е⡣
֮Уҧɱ˾ڵˡһʼΪӰģ֪
ô˭أ˼ȥҲֻʣˡ
ʵڲ֪Լ˵ĺˣҪѾ˼ҲҪԸԼѵ٣˼ɵʵŲϧҪϾɱô
ҪԻˡͨȻɣԽ
ģǳЦߣͻƻΪҪߣ
˲ʱԭء
Ȼ⵽ǰ춯ֻ֮޶ˣûٷϣû뵽ͻƵ˻񾳡
дδİȻ˿Ƕʥ̴ĹͷܾʥΣѣȻóϷ
ӰԸĻ֮ԺǣȥǰЩȫɱȥ
΢΢ףҪȻһ£ʵ˵ŴҲ𣿡
ĳӦֹңҲͽˣԶ٣ʥ·磡
ɻôأƳأ˿Ҳս
ӰϹ֪ΣգӰƳϵ˳նǣʹ˷ֱ
ΪţƳͻصңӴԶΣաοûҲǻɡ
ʱһã⺢ӱ֪ԼǷݳֻþ̶ܽԼˡ
ջʧˣٷһܹ˳죬ƽҸ
ʹ˵ʵǵԸأѵûԼԸ𣿡
ʱŻһУڷܵаʮյֻϣЩԵ޹ʵؿ
ЦɶȫԸ
̧ͷô֪
ӵΪһΪտʮɻ
ܸӶĺ⣬䣬ʶԸֻڿЦδԡ
ԶԷĴϻۣӦܹݳĬľܾ
Ȼȴʵ˵ȫҵԸ𣿡
ĬΣʵʲôԸ
Ǿ͵ʣϲˣڿʻԺһʮ䡣
Ƭ̣һ꣬ѩס̫ʱûʮ䣬ӻǻԸɡ
һᣬȻЦ
ֱգҲʱЦʲô
룬ƳǷ꣬ԸҲܹİ֮˹ϰ˳졢ƽҸɡ
ϧעƽԵˡ


133 
֮ϣϥںǰ
ˣħĴħλսݣǳŲ˶ˡ
ܺáɴ´һЦ
ǰ춯ܿͻָƽӦͻʧˡȻ֮ʲôģһЦ
ܿܣŻӮҡ
ﲻίһֱں󷽹սս㱨æҲòս˰ɣʦֲ֣кʿձصɱΪλͬѩޣ
΢΢ףţħ̽Ȼ¶ƣĴҡֻҪնɱӰǱȻս
˵ţһםɽƵ
漴ޣֱɱս
ƳۼսʣȻռϷ硣ŴڼѾ˳ǽǽ룬ħ̽ڽڽڰˣֻǳٳٲӰ
ɵսָ
δͻƻ񣬶ȻᱻԹħ֮նʾڡ
ƳȻк׿ڳ֤΢ᣬ˵ȥҲš
һᣬתˣʾˣսɡýħˣһҵĹ֡
ޣҿȥɣָ̧֣סգļ˲ʱӡһۡ
Ƴһ²ҡ
ɿ֣һҲңü˭ӡȥɡ
Ƴ뿪󣬺˺Ϯһɭ亮⣬ͷȻһݡ۵λʿҲ׷׷ųʶ̽ȴδָпߵĺۼ

Ƴɽɽ
ʱѾ˼ս֣ƴʢ
ֻħ޻ʿɱһħ⽻ݺᣬú󣬲ڶ
ǳǿᣬд߶ǳ֮ɫìһħɱýڽڰˡ
Ƴȥѣǡ
ʶһʱֻһ⣬ˣЦüˣβ̨䣿ʱչѲҪô
Ƴ⻰ѹȴվԱ粵
Ϊ˻ú˵ΣֻܱҲսȷʵһִٳɣʶû˵䡣
֪£ҲҪǸͽˡ
Ƴ뵽˴иɬࡣ
ǡʱһɫħǰϮƳɫ΢䣬ʱſ³ơɲǼ䣬׹ǰһת˲㻯һʵİɫϡ
Щʱգ÷߰£Ҳδ£Ȼɹ̤𵤾Ѫ޵˵㡣
ʹԪӤ׵ʿҲǿһ
Ȼǵħһɫը׹⡣
Ƴһħ޵ʵԶԪӤ֮ϡħʵĲˣ߾˭
һ֣׹ջĵͬʱ󼲳ȴ͵ײһӰ
Ƴëɤۡ
ҪͷһֻѴָ̽ס򥣬һ
Σն𣬡㻹ӵȥһ㶼ԡ
ƳϤкȻһ𣬡ˣ
ӣǺô
Ƴʱ뵽ղԼͺ˵ĶԻˡ
ͷһţ̽㡭𣿡
˭㣿
Ƴҧ´Ȼˣе㿴
˵ұӰ°ߺǸڿ˵ֻԸ˵СҪԶҵˣתͷͼһصˡһУʵпԣ
ƳȻԲ۾˺ô
˵ͷҪͣһ̾һΪǿεġ
Ƴһ£ƺʲô
ڣȻһϢز˲ʱһϡ
ټǰһΣſһɫС󣬽һСŵɫâ
Ƴ֪ʲô𣿡
סֻɿ˳żƵϸĲϡ
ϢգĿס
ƳȻʧ򣬱İ˲ʱЩվס
ͷԿɫĲļ䲻һʹ
֮Լˣֻ롭ֻ롭
ȻЩ˵ʵˡ
ƺһҲ뷨ֻ֣ҪǾʧΪҲٿصĿܡʵ֪޾ĶȹһδһҸ˵ô
Ƴɫ˲ʱɷףҸֱˡ
Ҳ룬ֱɱƳΪԼĿܣһҪã
Ҳ˵壬ΪοƳԺǰϹϾл˷ŭ
һѾѣ˭ԼûκֵиΡ
ԭʼռţᡣ
·۷ʲôֻҪͷԶվԭص
ϧƳվǷ
ժ֣͵Ƴߣպ˵ұֻ֤Ҫһһգ㲻˺㣬ԶҸġ
һ˲Ƴס󣬵Բֻ롭˴ħ
Ƴ룬Ӧܷſڣҧס˴ߵ֡


134 
УƳžвԡ
ڴݼģһ΢ָڣⲻһ¡
Լľٶһæɿڣƫȥ΢١
ҡҲǹġ
û
ƳʵûֵŲڶģ
˿̵İˡ
οվ󣬰üһǿҶº͵ŮϢסԡ
һ˲ϵɿ漴һֱֻ۽סת˲Զս
Ƴŵû§סĲʱƲ֮ϣһ㵭ɫĹâ֡
δԼƿƳһϲС㲻ҵ𣿡
˭ҪΪ
ҴˣԺҲˡˣҪңòãƳСס֡
Ծɲ䲻ȵģ㵨Ӵĺܣ£ʲôġ
ҵȻ°ˣҲˡƳֻԼ׾֪࣬κ
һᣬ˵׷ʵǸħͷûжôĺõġ
תĿ˵Ӱң
Ƴ˴˷پŴΧħ̣Ӱαɡ
һУҺӰһģˣһܻ𣿡
ƳæġƣѾ¼º׿ڳϣɱ˾Ŵʿˡ
һת¾ȻǺġ
ֻǺһ벻ǰԼħޣԼȻħ̽
ǳЦûҪҶ֤Լ׵¿ûȤ˼ȻҶ֣Ҫø۵׼
⻰ֱǿ
ƳȴԴŲɣϾû˰첻顣
գգ۾¶ĽĿ⣬ô
̬ȺãһĨЦ⡣
Ƴɣʵ֤һ㶼ء˹ĹˣҪȥҵڶأ
治þҵġ
ϾұĻҪӰٱء
̧֣ٴοסƳ򥣬ָĴ꣬ȵĴУĪһҪݺԷĳ嶯
ֵʱ򣬾ʲôأôϲԼ
ƳһãȻȴʮϣָ˿ꡣ
ȥ͸ƬʪĴԼɼݡ
ɿ֣ڣʲôҲ
ƳɺЮС˺ѣԴҪЮҺ塣ԸƱҪϾŴڣҲһ˺
΢üͷѵЩˣҪҪ
ڣƳɫȻҰףһֽĿڴ鼫ʹࡣ
æַסôˣ
ҡҡƳֻĿھʹ̣һʱ˵ֽ̧ס
޼ֻƳһƣθΪ
΢΢սĿ᾵ϣšüһꡣ
ǲʡġ
Ƴ󱳣ڡ
һᣬƳĿʹͣ÷߶ĹơǼҴսʧְ취һȥ
һ䣬ȻҶˣء
£ʣҰȡ
ƾͨκβһֻƳ档
ƳҡҡͷҪݾߵġΪΣ룬ҿԡ
յߣԼļƻ
ƳÿеĿ⿴֣㽫ֽҡ
¶һ԰׵΢Цһԣòã
Ĭ
ƳΪ˼ƻĿԣ򴽣ȴţɫһ˿ϣĹâ
Ȼû˼ǸνļƻֻǺȻ֣Ƴúÿˡ
һźͷһģһݣȴΪƽĬԣ˺ӡ
ǰ˼ɷݣƳδй˼ʵڴɲء
ҳԼ˼ˣ΢΢һЦãͰ˵
΢΢ָḧԷĶս˳һҪĽ
Ȼ󣬾ͿָµĶ䣬ۿɼٶȺ

߶ĹƲã˱㿴Ƴ»صϡ
ƵŮշ죬Ϣ΢٣ȵϢüۼ䶼ࡣ
ȥħ޴ˣȥĻˡ
һȥʲôˣ
Ƴǰ·׷һλħޣһ£żһɫѩ˻棬ŷ˶ս࣬Тˡѩϡ
ֽӹپһɾһɫ˼֡
ƳˣɫѩʢȻһὥɢһãЧá
ƳϿһۣɫ˳ĹƣҲˣʲô
̽һѩ״㲻ٶɣĽѩһڷ£ʶȻһȡ
Ƴʱ֣ҷڣѩɡħ̳Ų˶ã಻죬Ҫˡ
Ҳǣ֣봬ա

һߣӰȾּлв֧·硣
ۼǷſһ棬ֱ˶һЦַųһϺɫħӭϡ
Ȼײһ졣
Ӱһĳǽ֮ϣ½ȴѾջ١
ֵ̧ҽһԶսų£ǰ˴˷ڣҪȳɡ
ӰƳһۣʲô
˲ʱȻƬֹ̺ŲӵҪ㷣ֻһ걻ȥȣһ㣬˿ֺɵЩˣ
ӰҪڣ˹ɵüҲҪ㻤Žأ
֪Ѿͻƻ񣬶Ȼ¡ֻǲڣһƿֻǷ˫ᣬһ˲Ю漲˹
Ӱһ̧һģһɺȻ𣬻޴Ļֺǰ
ۿŻȾʲôʱҲ߹ˣ
ͷ­һף°ںδ
ӰһôҲҪѰ𣿡
˳ҵİ¡Ȱ㣬Թ԰˽
Ӱ⻰˲ʱŭģ˵ʲô軰ҲФģһɹЮɭĺ̴ķ
˵ſڣһۿҪͬײһ̹âȻߣת˲ǰֱɢ
ţһЦλαش֣ڴ˹򡣡


135 
ȾӰ˽ͷһѭʣȴһƬϼ⣬ԼֳģӰ
Ϊ˵һٵϸ˿ϼмɲǼ䣬һɼǿϺɨȫ
ţսеʿδӦǰһбзѱ˿ɣ屻ǿĳˡ
Ϊõģֱ˹ڵأһѪ
ɱȻֹսһƬš
ǵԽ쳹ȫмͬʱðһͷ˾
Ǹȫ׷ɱˣ̶գͻƻ񣿣
ͫһ˿ߺޡ
пʵϼ⣬ɣ¶ӵɫ⺢ӹѡ֮Ӱ
Сʦ㡣޽һɫɥȺв֪˭ͺһ
־ɫһǳû˱޳ܵͽ
ǰǿɵͷΣʦΪܾ˳ЦȴԼӻ飬վǲʦĺ󳾣øɵĽ֡
֪ˣͲʦš
һߣսŻĽ͵̧ͷӯᡣ
֪ʦòµġ
վڴϱߣĿⶢƬϼ⣬һ
÷۾һˣ죬ۿȥһοɾܷŹ
΢΢һ˿ӵЦʰӣϴˣһοɾûôˡ
ϣȥλ쾵յûɢˡ
һԣƳ˵ķӦ۵ף漴ɫƽش۽ޣӹһ˿΢ɲЦ⡣
绯񾳵Ĵָܱ˿̾Ƭսϣʹ˼죬ȴ˭Ҳ׿ڴš
ֱٶȿڣѸĹ£˺޹˷ŴΧʥ̣Ϊ˳ƣҲþʹ˰ˡ
⻰ֻΪҷЦ
ﲻίųŲӰͷ­ȵʲộԱϹħޣкͬ˰ɣ
䣬ҽ̽䣬Ҳҽеģ
ӰͶȥһƳ漴ǰһӰμ
ڼ״׷׵ϥ£μ
Ĵ治ŽһбƵʥͣս𾪾η֯˿Ҳϥ
ûĹأһͶǿƵľӵһУͽ˾
Ⱦճһң΢紵δɾ
ǰһĻ˼֡
գԸΪ裬Էȴʮ֮ԼΪթΪ档
ûãӽе֪ҪɻϢСʱͻȻʧ٣ɱһԴһ˵ˡ
ܺвͬ⹥ħ̣һΪСˣҲǵİΣ
Ȼʲôҡһ侹ʥ̵Ľħ
ЩʱգΪĲѵʱǸʥǰʲô
ղͿˣǸӰϲòˡɱļһﾹȻ¹򣬶ҲȻܣҪ˵ûзʲô˭ţ
Ⱦ˹ĵΣ̨ϣȡôǷҲ̬ͬӰٰգ
پĿʹɱⱩǡ
ȸ󣬵ʣô죿ѵҪ򡭡Ӷ𣿡
ȾҪش𣬺ﲻίеԥʲôԼħ̽壬ɱԴ´󹦣
Ⱦŭ˽ɱǣҪɱйޣȴȸһסɣСС
ڴʱгڣǿѣ߳𣿡
ﲻίһЦôҲҪΥ˺̻ħͷ𣿡
޼һҲԼҼ÷׷װν㡪
̧ˣƽҵ˼˵ͷͨɡ
ʶ͵صɴ۾ôԣ
λнյҡ𱨵飬ôã
ȴɫƽɣ۾ȴһ˿ʹ࣬˸
ڣţղ˿ڳħĵϣĹѶһ
ʱ˵ѾʻϿաħǱϼеңңԡ
ϴһãȥɡԻᱣŮȫ
м˵³ŵ϶ʳΥԼԶ漴̧֣߶ǳ֮ɲǼɫ谵ǹ˸ǧٸɫì
ҹϼ⣬ǸΣ˽ĲԸΪУֻɼ㶯ְɣ֡
һ̾ѣ㶯֮ǰβȿ˭
̧һӣϼɢȥ
ʱ˲ſоһСһڷӭ
ˣһɫͷҰףݾ߷ƣֻǸ㲲ϡ
һǻӯѶ


136 
Ǽѣۿʪˡ
Ҫǰ꣬Ϊδָ;ЩϢȣģЩ߿ա
Σ֮ʣȻֽ˽סһԭΧȥ
ĸŮ꣬Ѽ׺ɣӵʹãŽɿ˴ˡ
ѿУЦ裬ҿɱ㻹Ҫˡ
̧֣ޱߵİ׷𵽶󣬲ϲϵʲôҪұĪѹڵص꣬ն룬ѾǺˡ㻹ţĸŮؾۣҶҪ˷ˡ
ѵЩҴδ跨㣬ֻã׽˱ѣ䵽˵С裬δǵصģ
̾һһлƳӡ
ҲϾϸ˵
Ѻεȴϻۣ˲ʱԣµĴ㣡
ǻϲѹ
ϲĸ׾ذԼѹĸ꣬Լδ̷ĸϥ¡
˷Ƴ˳ֻĸŮˣˡ
˼ˣսе֣裬α޳ܣ˷ǾΪ
ɫ֣صصͷ
ѵвҲ˺ѼȻѾƽȻҲ˼ˡ
е̧һӣǧɫìЮǳ֮ȻžŴڵķ䡣
޼״׷׺󳷱á
âɢȥȻѿһۣ޷һħޣһ࣬˺͸ڸɡ
лɨȫ˵ҵĶˣ˭Ҫԣȹһذգ
һȺʱȻɧ
ʵǿᣬҲͷ󣬿󵹸꣬һʵԷȴһƼΪ
ȣһУΪ˻ħͷҵҪˣĸǳȪֻ֪Ŀ
һĸĻ˵ķݣ
㡪ţɫһࡣ
ڵĳϱɱܽնɱҪ翴ᣬ˶ܲȵͷˣ
ֻӰ񾳴ܣս
תͷż壬֪˸ҵͷ񣬷׷ױܿĿ⡣
ŭȻԶĻȾɫķߣӰˮǱȻħ̽Ҳ֮ǣͷһϲ
ĪҪѧ޳оǴҶ壡
ȾľԼбŵĺ˭һŲ֪˵⻰Ҳ뼤ȾֶԸ
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137 
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ƺȺ˻Ҫ֣ķڱУ˼ˡ


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ͷȥֻӰվڸ߿գӿɫ产ˡ
ȴһϲ
һǿͷǴ˷ܹԸɣԶӰߡ


142 ׽
޷˵С֣תӰɱȥ
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οӰͶġ
ӰЩ̬ãͷĿأ޷ܣԼз̫ᣬᵽֻһ
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˺˳ݡȴôҲû뵽ԷΪһ˶


143 
պΨǴӣź㣬жġ
վڸߴֻϸضģǱ΢ֺá
־̰ͬһĽϢۡ
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鰮ֶͺ塣
ӰĮȻţȻˣұȫ㡣
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144 
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145 
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146 ܾ
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147 
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⻰ǹ˷Ļ䣬˫
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ֻۿɼĸˡ


148 ǿ
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ˣ̧΢ҵȹڣתȥ
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ҲˣŻôƳָ䣬˷
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ֻǽһ׮£һ׮¸

˵ǰ飬Ϊƫأ
ѣˣ
ⰵ˼֣ˣ׷Ź㡣


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˵ţһɫɽۡ
ϳۣ˼ַâƣ˽ڳȷǷ
΢΢ףɫݣһЦãܺá
ʱִҲ˽õţᡣ
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ִһۣ˵ˣС¶첻ȫ
ִæҼ
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ôҵúܺáſڴһ
ֻ̧һ㣬߽ʳɢʳ
Ц˹ָһƬƬ⣬ݵ䡣Ƭ̣ҧһڡ
һڳݼֱļ䡣
δִһۣ๵Ǿˣ°ɡ
ֻӦǣҪ˳ȥֱסˣ
ִҹѺڵУֻȵڴá
ΣҸһ仰ǿϴӦұһ

գɹǰĹ㳡һ죬֣ӭ졣
ż嶼ǰŶʥ̣ң壬ΨڣĩС
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΢ǵѷ죬û찡
ǲ֪ԼϽĽ껣мʤ㣬ɣɣ
νˣֻһʤ㣬ҲҪ
ڡ


154 ʤ
̧ͷաֻһѷкӿƱճһҫĿĽߡ
һӰվƲ֮ϣϣȴޱ𺣬ɢһεĵ㺮˸ֱӡ
޸Ǿѣ˫ȿƲסط
յ˵潫껴ɶĺ˸ɫҰף̲ѡ
ȴϺ޾ɫǷһĨЦƺڴѾá
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ΨлȾͽֱͦĿԶ֮ϵĽ껡
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һڽѹڼۣٶѡ
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·˿һģս˫ֻ֣Ҫ˲źá
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󾪣ȣӰȴ죬˫˫ǰǰ


155 
̧ŻȾͽ棬۵׸һ˿ŭǣ̫ʧˡ
Щǿǲ֪Ƿǵжͷ
ҲãҲǰۣһһɾ
һŴĿĽɫȻΪ֮
޶پһɼֲѹϯ׷ԶֻʱӶȥһ˲ѿɹ֣źȻ
һضɽҡ쳾Уһͷ۵Ľɫӵص׻黨״껾վڷļͷһɫơ
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ѵĳƳˣȻҲûĸ
ʵڲܵκ˺
Ը
ͷ֮䣬һԽĺ蹵ʹƵýطѹƣҲѹǵľʵ
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ͷͷڵأٴ£ڷҷ衣
¶ĲЦ⣬ã㶯ְɡ
ɱҡ


156 
ɻ󲻽⣬ΪʲôҪɱ㣿
˵Բ𣬲ɱңȫ𣿡
⻰΢ʧһͬת˲عƽ
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¹ֵӰĿ⽥㾿Ҫʲô
ԭΪԼѿ͸˷
Լ̡顢飬ֻΪԼǸΨһп߱ˡ
ԻȾǵķ곡Ϸĸ飬Ҳûд⵽ȥ
ʼգһУҲΪԼ
ˣǶǾأ
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ĿתؿŷͼѰһ˿ڡŭޡ
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159 
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